Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-26T10:52:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Miriam Cechin da Silva_.pdf: 4003937 bytes, checksum: 36a1903d608029472cfc4baccc2587a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T10:52:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miriam Cechin da Silva_.pdf: 4003937 bytes, checksum: 36a1903d608029472cfc4baccc2587a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / Nenhuma / O tema da governança corporativa tem ganhado dimensão entre as sociedades cooperativas, dada a relevância dos impactos positivos esperados a partir de um conjunto de condutas e comportamentos aplicáveis aos agentes envolvidos neste tipo de organização. No contexto das cooperativas de crédito, em que a competitividade do setor financeiro é alta e o atendimento aos interesses dos cooperados deve ser equilibrado através de um regime de autogestão, torna-se ainda mais pertinente o estudo do assunto. Neste cenário desenvolveu-se a presente pesquisa motivada a avaliar a aderência das práticas de governança corporativa da Banricoop frente às recomendações do Guia das Melhores Práticas de Governança para Cooperativas do IBGC (2014), sinalizando na sequência, ações para o seu aprimoramento. As instâncias da governança analisadas foram delimitadas à propriedade, conselho de administração, gestão, e, conduta e conflito de interesses. A estratégia da dissertação, de delineamento qualitativo, utilizou-se de estudo de caso por ser apropriado para compreensão em profundidade do ambiente único da unidade de estudo escolhida para a pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados a partir de documentos e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o grupo da alta administração da Cooperativa, tendo sido tratados através da análise qualitativa. Constatou-se em cada uma das instâncias analisadas, que diversas condutas da Unidade estudada estão alinhadas com o referencial teórico utilizado, no entanto, o ponto crítico de desencontro está na constituição da estrutura de governança e gestão, em que não há segregação, gerando algumas inconformidades em relações às práticas recomendadas pelo documento referenciado. Esta situação resultou em recomendação de melhoria na estrutura de governança corporativa da Banricoop, propondo-se a separação entre o conselho de administração e a diretoria executiva, com consequente distinção dos papeis estratégico da gestão. / The theme corporative governance has gained dimension among cooperative societies due to the relevance of the positive impacts expected from a group of practices and behaviors applicable to the agents involved in such kind of organization. Within the context of the credit unions, in which the financial sector competitiveness is high and the attendance to the members interests shall be equilibrated through an auto management regime, the study of such matter becomes even more pertinent. In this scenario the present research was developed, motivated to assess the adherence of Banricoop corporative governance practices in face of the recommendations of IBGC Cooperatives Guide of Governance Best Practices (2014), signaling afterwards, for actions for its improvement. The governance instances analyzed were restricted to property, administration council, management, and, practices and interest conflict. The dissertation strategy, of a qualitative design, used a case study as it is proper to comprehend deeply the sole environment of the unity of study chosen for the research. The data were collected from documents and semi-structured interviews performance with the high administration board of the Cooperative, and they are analyzed qualitatively. It was determined in each of the analyzed instances, that several practices of the studied unity are aligned with the theoretical references used, however, the critical disagreement point lies in the constitution of governance structure and management, in which there is no segregation, generating non-conformities regarding the recommended practices related within the previously mentioned document. This situation resulted in a recommendation of improvements in Banricoop corporative governance structure, proposing a division between the administration council and the executive board of directors, with a consequent distinction of the management strategic roles.

The dissertation consists of two essays. The first essay studies governance structures and their effectiveness for start-up companies and their survival. We utilize data from the Kauffman Survey, which tracks a sample of firms from their inceptions through their first eight years of existence. We hypothesize and find evidence that a startup's governance system affects its survivability as well as its performance. We show that controlling for the firm size and the industry, cross-sectional variations in the performance of the start-up firms can be explained by governance variables; the presence of one or more independent board member on the board, the separation between the person holding the CEO position and the chair of the board. From the startup survival perspective, we show that the presence of one or more independent board member(s), the separation between CEO and board chair, and external funding are effective factors that promote a start-up's longevity. The second essay studies the direct and indirect relations between Governance and firm survival and performance through Entrepreneurial Orientation. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is defined as the attributes, including innovativeness, autonomy, risk-taking attitude, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness, that a business organization displays at the time of entry. Several researchers have studied the linkage between EO and organizational performance as well as the survival rate of new firms and find conflicting results. Reasons for the contradictory results might very well be the way the researchers have defined the EO attributes and the data source they use which is based on subjective responses. In the hopes of reducing inconsistent results, we propose that it is the governance factors that influence the performance and survival of these firm via mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Governance factors remove the definition as well as data measurement problems. By using the 8-year longitudinal data of 4928 startups, we show that governance system significantly impacts a start-up’s performance and survival via entrepreneurial orientation.

本研究旨在探討台灣上市、上櫃及公開發行及其他類型公司在不同治理單位架構下，內部稽核單位的角色是否會有所差異。本研究深入分析前項差異，藉以瞭解我國公司內部稽核之功能及其影響因素。本研究發現： 1.內部稽核協助「內部控制」、「風險管理」及「公司治理」之功能並未因公司治理單位架構的改變而有顯著差異。內部稽核功能已受到企業一定程度之重視，即使公司治理架構正處於轉型過程，內部稽核單位仍可發揮其功能。 2.設置審計委員會之公司提供較多預算及人力，有助於年度稽核計畫與業務的執行，顯示公司治理單位架構的改變，會影響稽核預算及人力配置。 3.公司設置審計委員會，有助於提升「內稽單位給予的建議更容易被採納」、「內稽單位與治理單位互動增加」、「內稽主管更多機會參與策略制定」、「內稽單位查核工作之執行更為順利」、「內稽單位獨立性增加」、「內部稽核預算增加」及「內稽單位更能協助企業進行風險管理」等七項內部稽核功能。 / This purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of a public company’s corporate governance structure on its internal audit activity’s role in Taiwan. This research analyzes the above effect to understand the functions of public companies’ internal audit activities and the factors affecting these functions. The main results of this study are as follows. 1.The internal audit’s functions of assuring "internal control", "risk management" and "corporate governance" do not show significant differences with changes in corporate governance structure. The internal audit functions are well recognized. Even if the corporate governance structure in Taiwan is in a transformation process, the internal audit activity can still fulfill its functions. 2.The company with an audit committee provides more budget and manpower to facilitate the performance of annual audit plan and related activities. That is, the changes in corporate governance structure do have an effect on the internal audit activity’s budget and staffing. 3.For the companies with audit committees, they have the following characteristics, i.e., ”internal audit activity’s recommendations are more likely to be accepted”, ”increased interaction between the internal audit activity and corporate governance members”, ”the chief internal auditor has more opportunities to participate in strategy formation”, ”the internal audit activity perform their works more smoothly”, ”higher independence for the internal audit activity”, ”higher budget for the internal audit activity”, and ”the internal audit activity can further assist the company in managing risks”.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The world population has been changing their eating habits in an attempt to improve their quality of life. The increase in the consumption of foods such as fruits and vegetables has directly influenced the lives of the producers. Studies show that most of these products are produced by family farmers, similarly to what happens in the municipality of Itaqui-RS. However, recent local studies have shown that these farmers find it difficult to insert themselves effectively in supermarket supply chains. The key question of this research is to understand how these producers are organized to meet the current demands and what are the main factors that influence the choice of the commercialization channels that they access. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 5 family farmers who have access to more than one commercialization channel, thus making it possible to visualize the elements of choice. As a conceptual basis, the theory of Transaction Cost Economics (ECT) was chosen to support interpretations of how farmers organize and how they regulate their transactions. In the study, the presence of the attributes of the transactions was verified, the frequency being the most relevant attribute for all the interviewees, since their presence generates confidence between the parties. The analysis of the transactions allowed to conclude that the farmers choose the commercialization channels based on the attributes of the ECT, using them to govern their transactions in a satisfactory way. It is concluded that the main factors considered by the producers to choose these channels is the confidence (generated by the frequency in which they occur) and the price of the products. / A população mundial vem mudando seus hábitos alimentares na tentativa de melhorar sua qualidade de vida. O aumento do consumo de alimentos como frutas e hortaliças, tem influenciado diretamente a vida dos produtores. Estudos evidenciam que a maioria desses produtos é produzida por agricultores familiares, similarmente ao que acontece no município de Itaqui-RS. Entretanto, recentes trabalhos locais evidenciaram que esses agricultores vêm encontrando dificuldade de se inserir de forma efetiva nas cadeias de suprimentos dos supermercados. A questão chave dessa pesquisa consiste em entender como estes produtores se organizam para atender as demandas atuais e quais os principais fatores que influenciam na escolha dos canais de comercialização que os mesmos acessam. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 5 agricultores familiares que têm acesso a mais de um canal de comercialização, possibilitando assim visualizar os elementos de escolha. Como base conceitual utilizou-se a teoria da Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT), escolhida para dar suporte às interpretações de como os agricultores se organizam e como regulam suas transações. No estudo foi verificada a presença dos atributos das transações, sendo a frequência o atributo mais relevante para todos os entrevistados, uma vez que sua presença gera confiança entre as partes. A análise das transações permitiu concluir que os agricultores escolhem os canais de comercialização baseando-se nos atributos da ECT, utilizando-os para governar de forma satisfatória suas transações. Conclui-se que os principais fatores considerados pelos produtores para a escolha desses canais é a confiança (gerada pela frequência em que ocorrem) e o preço dos produtos.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-22T11:20:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAC.pdf: 3278202 bytes, checksum: 65dd7324d1bb446b183f34ec8e5a2455 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-20T12:41:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAC.pdf: 3278202 bytes, checksum: 65dd7324d1bb446b183f34ec8e5a2455 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-20T12:41:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAC.pdf: 3278202 bytes, checksum: 65dd7324d1bb446b183f34ec8e5a2455 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T12:53:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAC.pdf: 3278202 bytes, checksum: 65dd7324d1bb446b183f34ec8e5a2455 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-21 / Não recebi financiamento / The main goal of this thesis is to investigate which factors lead the agents that define the governance structures of the transactions of sugarcane supply opt for the plural of governance arrangements in producing units of the sugarcane agroindustry of the São Paulo state. The study of plural forms is the subject of several studies, conducted by researchers from the field of Organizational Economics, from the perspective of various theoretical currents, without, however, a consolidated and comprehensive framework that explains the reason for his emergency. The theoretical clipping used is of the New Institutional Economics and the Discriminant Efficient Alignment hypothesis, developed by Williamson (1985; 1991), for who economic agent, bounded by limited rationality and by other environment variables, given transaction attributes, searches to choose the most efficient structure, that minimize the costs of governance. Under such perspective, the simultaneous employment of more than one structure to govern the identical transactions would result in a sub-optimal choice, not justifying. In the sugarcane agroindustry, are used different arrangements to govern the transactions of supply of sugar cane, from those based on hierarchy in which result in some level of vertical integration, even those based on spot negotiations, contracts, contractual arrangements, or hybrid. The literature indicates the simultaneous employment of more than one structure, making the sector a promising object of study of plural forms. The research is defined as basic, exploratory and qualitative approach; the technical procedure chosen was the study of polar cases being applied four interviews with pre-defined script for its realization. In order to identify conflicting situations and increase the explanatory power of the study, were selected three polarity criteria: installed capacity; regional dynamics and type of organization. The methodological procedures are described in the specific section, right after the introduction. Later, in Chapter 1, is made a theoretical review on the chance of discriminating and efficient alignment on the plural forms. The second chapter deals with the evolution of the institutional and economic environment in the industry, as well as governance mechanisms used. Finally, the third chapter describes the cases studied and contains an analysis of the information collected. The results indicate that the use of the plural governance arrangements of the sugarcane supply transactions is predominant in the sugarcane agroindustry of São Paulo and it is a stable strategy, without perspective that is overridden by the use of natural forms. In the decision-making process on the governance structures, the agents do not measure the transaction costs of each alternative and even regard them as consciously, being, however, considered to be the attributes of the transaction, notably the high specificity of the assets, which exists on the dimensions, physical and temporal locational. There are several grounds identified in the units used for the use of plural arrangements, with emphasis on the existence of path dependence in relation to past governance decisions; need for adaptation to the borrowers ' profile of the existing governance in a certain territory; synergistic gains resulting from the combination of structures and; limitation of the firm's resources. The limitation of resources assumes a decisive role if considered that the agents present preference for fully verticalized structures, but are prevented from exercising it fully in the light of the limited resources available. The end was proposed a model adapted from the efficient alignment discriminant, which intends to add to the existing explanations for the emergence of plural forms. / O objetivo desta tese é investigar quais fatores levam os agentes, que definem as estruturas de governança das transações de suprimento de cana nas unidades produtoras da agroindústria canavieira paulista, a optarem pelos arranjos plurais de governança. O estudo das formas plurais é tema de vários trabalhos realizados por pesquisadores do campo da Economia Organizacional, sob a ótica de várias correntes teóricas, não existindo, porém, um referencial consolidado e abrangente que explique o motivo de sua emergência. O recorte teórico utilizado aqui é o da Nova Economia Institucional e segundo a hipótese do alinhamento eficiente discriminante, desenvolvida por Williamson (1985; 1991), o agente econômico, limitado pela racionalidade limitada e pelas demais variáveis do ambiente, dados os atributos da transação, busca escolher a estrutura mais eficiente, que minimize os custos de governança. Sob tal ótica, o emprego simultâneo de mais de uma estrutura para governar a mesma transação resultaria numa escolha subótima, não se justificando. Na agroindústria canavieira são utilizados diversos arranjos para governar as transações de suprimento de cana-de-açúcar, desde os baseados na hierarquia, que resultam em algum nível de integração vertical, até os baseados em negociações spot, passando pelos contratos de fornecimento, que são modalidades contratuais, ou híbridas. A literatura indica o emprego simultâneo de mais de uma estrutura, fazendo do setor um promissor objeto de estudo sobre formas plurais. A pesquisa se define como básica, exploratória e com abordagem qualitativa. O procedimento técnico escolhido foi o estudo de 4 casos polares, sendo aplicadas entrevistas com roteiro pré-definido para sua realização. A fim de identificar situações opostas e ampliar o poder explicativo do estudo, foram selecionados 3 critérios de polaridade: capacidade instalada, dinâmica regional e tipo de organização. Os procedimentos metodológicos estão descritos em seção específica, logo após a introdução. Posteriormente, no capítulo 1, é feita uma revisão teórica sobre a hipótese do alinhamento eficiente discriminante e sobre as formas plurais. O segundo capítulo trata da evolução do ambiente institucional e econômico do setor, além dos mecanismos de governança utilizados. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo descreve os casos estudados e contém a análise das informações nele coletadas. Os resultados indicam que o uso dos arranjos plurais de governança das transações de suprimento de cana é predominante na agroindústria canavieira paulista e trata-se de uma estratégia estável, sem perspectiva de que seja substituída pelo uso de formas singulares. No processo de decisão sobre as estruturas de governança, os agentes não mensuram os custos de transação de cada alternativa e sequer os consideram conscientemente, sendo, no entanto, considerados os atributos da transação, notadamente a elevada especificidade dos ativos, que existe nas dimensões locacional, física e temporal. São vários os motivos identificados nas unidades utilizadas para o emprego de arranjos plurais, com destaque para a existência de path dependence em relação a decisões de governança passadas; necessidade de adaptação ao perfil dos tomadores das governanças existentes em certo território; ganhos sinérgicos decorrentes da combinação de estruturas e; limitação de recursos da firma. A limitação de recursos assume papel decisivo se considerado que os agentes apresentam preferência pelas estruturas integralmente verticalizadas, mas são impedidos de exercê-la plenamente em função dos recursos limitados de que dispõem. Ao final, foi proposto um modelo adaptado ao alinhamento eficiente discriminante, que pretende se agregar às explicações já existentes para a emergência das formas plurais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4883.pdf: 5690362 bytes, checksum: e75ef84e9b6cc0d9ca4b7fbff240e353 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-23 / Several studies related to agribusiness were developed trying to explain existing transactions in different agroindustrial complexes. Brazil has significant equity in the provision of products of the agroindustrial complex citrus, holding 30% of world production and moving about $ 15 billion, highlighting the state of São Paulo, holder of 70% of the planted area in the country. One of the segments understudied in the complex is the fresh fruit market, which is well developed in countries like Argentina, Italy, Spain and South Africa, and Brazil still needs to develop. Therefore, the aim of this work was through a multicase study to show the main governances used by São Paulos´s packing houses. Using Transaction Cost Economics theory, we analyzed the coordination established between the packing house and its suppliers of orange. Interviews were conducted with six packing houses distributed by the main citrus regions of the state of São Paulo. As a result it was found that the most representative governance structure present was hybrid, which has being established by agreements characterized as relational, more flexible and not formalized. / Diversos estudos ligados ao agronegócio foram desenvolvidos procurando explicar as transações existentes em diferentes complexos agroindustriais. O Brasil possui significativa participação na oferta de produtos do complexo agroindustrial citrícola, detendo 30% da produção mundial e movimentando cerca de US$ 15 bilhões, com destaque para o estado de São Paulo, detentor de 70% da área plantada no país. Um dos segmentos pouco estudado no complexo citrícola é o mercado de fruta de mesa, o qual é bem desenvolvido em países como Argentina, Itália, Espanha e África do Sul, e no Brasil ainda precisa evoluir. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi, através de um estudo multicaso, caracterizar as principais estruturas de governanças utilizadas pelos packing houses paulistas. Utilizando-se da teoria sobre a Economia dos Custos de Transação, foi analisada a coordenação estabelecida entre o packing house e seus fornecedores de laranja. Foram realizadas entrevistas com seis packing houses distribuídos pelas principais regiões citrícolas do estado de São Paulo. Como resultado verificou-se que a estrutura de governança mais representativa na compra de laranja é a forma híbrida, sendo estabelecida por acordos caracterizados como relacionais, mais flexíveis e não formalizados.

Cette thèse porte sur la gestion intégrée de la biodiversité, la mise en place de systèmes de traçabilité et la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement verte (GSCM). En particulier, cette recherche tente de développer un modèle de mesure de la performance de la gestion de la biodiversité par des variables linguistiques sous la théorie de la logique floue (O1), d'étudier les relations entre la gestion de la biodiversité, GSCM et la mise en œuvre des systèmes de traçabilité (O2), et déterminer les changements dans les attributs de transaction et les coûts des entreprises dans le cadre de l'économie des coûts de transaction (O3). À cette fin, cette étude fait l'objet d'examens empiriques dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement des produits de la mer Vietnamiens en utilisant des données primaires provenant d'enquêtes par questionnaire et de visites sur le terrain. À partir de l'enquête spécialisée, un ensemble de cinq indicateurs clés de performance (KPIs) a été validé pour mesurer les performances de la gestion de la biodiversité des entreprises. Les résultats empiriques montrent que les entreprises de fruits de mer Vietnamiennes obtiennent de meilleurs résultats sur les indicateurs clés Biodiversity Stewardship Practice, Biodiversity Business Assessment, mais des scores inférieurs sur Biodiversity Conservation Commitment, Biodiversity Management Policy et Biodiversity Performance Reporting. Compte tenu de ce fait, les pratiques de gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement écologique sont proposées pour avoir des effets positifs sur les performances de la gestion et de la traçabilité de la biodiversité. Par conséquent, la mise en œuvre des systèmes de traçabilité entraîne une augmentation de la spécificité des actifs (71%), une baisse de l'incertitude des transactions (60%) et une faible variation (7%) de la fréquence des transactions. / This study observes corporate biodiversity management, the implementation of traceability systems and green supply chain management. In specific, this research attempts to develop a model for measuring the performance of corporate biodiversity management with linguistic variables under fuzzy logic theory (O1), to investigate the relationships between biodiversity management, GSCM and the implementation of traceability systems (O2), and to determine changes in the transaction attributes and costs of firms under the transaction cost economics framework (O3). For these purposes, this study takes empirical examinations in the Vietnamese seafood supply chain using primary data from questionnaire surveys and field trips. From the specialist survey, a set of five key performance indicators (KPIs) has been validated for measuring the performance of corporate biodiversity management. The empirical results show that the Vietnamese seafood companies perform better on the key indicators Biodiversity Stewardship Practice, Biodiversity Business Assessment, but lower scores on Biodiversity Conservation Commitment, Biodiversity Management Policy and Biodiversity Performance Reporting. Considering this fact, the green supply chain management practices are proposed to have positive effects on the performance of biodiversity management and traceability. As a result, the implementation of traceability systems leads to an increase in asset specificity (71%), a decrease in transaction uncertainty (60%) and low variation (7%) in the frequency of transactions.

Placemaking is an approach to designing urban spaces based on their existing values and identities. It has emerged as a response to citizens wishing to have an active role in the planning process and influence the development of their own surroundings. Placemaking often occurs from spontaneous consequences, with a diverse range of urban stakeholders involved in the process. Leading these complex processes has required local authorities to rethink their approach to urban governance. Despite municipalities being key actors in placemaking contexts, their role in the process is not well understood. Through a comparative case study of Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen, this thesis examines how local authorities have interpreted and contributed to placemaking. The cities are analysed with a theoretical framework consisting of their governance structures, spatial leadership roles, placemaking tools and facilitation of public participation. The results indicate that municipalities interpret placemaking to involve public participation in a place-bound approach. A wide range of stakeholders were identified to be involved in the placemaking process, including local authorities, artists, neighbourhood associations, leisure time clubs, civic interest groups and private property developers. The roles of these actors were found to vary greatly from project to project. The study concludes that – despite some opportunistic flexibility – the municipalities of Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen generally take on a more observing, follower-dominant and bottom-linked role in the placemaking process. This observation implies that during the 21st century, cities have adopted a significantly more adaptive and observant role in their urban governance processes. This is especially evident within the placemaking context, which embraces the idea of co-creation and collaboration.

台灣自第一階段農地改革後，逐漸有為降低生產成本與提高農民收入之大規模策略出現。本研究定義出台灣歷經包括農業生產專業區、農地利用綜合規劃之共同經營班與其後之產銷班、稻米產銷專業區與農業經營專區等四種大規模策略之農地集團化利用階段，是在公共秩序之法規命令，與集團成員契約簽訂所建立之私人秩序下而得以成立運作，符合混合式治理的特徵；而此治理理念的應用，可以新制度經濟學中微觀的角度，對組成各階段公共秩序和私人秩序的規則和執行機制，進行治理結構之比較分析。此係分別展現公共秩序與私人秩序規則中，誘因和安全措施是如何的賦予，與集團運作時是藉由第三者執行或自我執行之執行機制，以分析各農地集團化利用階段所採行的混合式治理，其治理結構如何具有階層與市場屬性程度的差異，進而探討所呈現的變遷趨勢，供政府對農地集團化利用輔導之策略擬定，與營運主體設計契約化私人秩序時之參考。研究發現在市場越來越競爭之下，台灣各農地集團化利用階段之治理結構，不僅於規則中誘因的提供與安全措施的設置朝向由私人秩序賦予，更從集團之規劃召集、與集團成員行動的裁決等，都趨向依私人秩序訂定條款，由集團成員自我執行。故政府對農業經營的混合治理，在逐漸有由營運主體自發地根據公共秩序組織集團，擬定私人秩序自我執行運作的趨勢下，建議可增強公共秩序需對私人秩序治理結構之支持，並於公共秩序執行排除考量給予改善之機會，讓農地集團化利用更具競爭力與建立永續發展的空間。 / In Taiwan, after the first farmland reform, an integrated strategy has been adopted to pursue lower production cost and higher agricultural profit. This study defines four stages of integrated farmland use in Taiwan, i.e. Agricultural Production Special District, Agriculture Production Section and Production Group, Rice Production Special District, and Special Agriculture Enterprise District. Those stages of integrated farmland use have characteristics of hybrid governance which are established under laws i.e. public ordering and contracts among members of groups i.e. private ordering. The idea of hybrid governance, derived from the New Institutional Economics, is a micro-analytic point of view and can be employed to conduct a comparative study on governance structures. The governance structures, namely the rules and the enforcement mechanism in the public and private ordering of every stage, are analyzed and compared. How incentives and security measures are adopted in the rules and whether third party enforcement or self-enforcement is used in the enforcement mechanism of the public and private ordering are provided. After the analysis of hybrid governance structures, differences on their hierarchy and market orientation will be revealed. In Taiwan the governance structures of integrated farmland use has a tendency of market orientation and private ordering. The result can be considered by the government in deciding the policies for integrated farmland use, and can help the operating group to formulate private contracts for their own private ordering.

Cette thèse est composée de trois chapitres distincts. Chacun de ces chapitres examine un impact spécifique de la concurrence entre les bourses sur les marchés financiers. Le chapitre 2 propose un modèle théorique afin d’analyser l’effet de la concurrence sur le rôle de certification offert par les bourses. Les résultats montrent que surestimer la qualité d’un projet est un équilibre malgré la présence des coûts de réputation. Le chapitre 3 analyse les effets du phénomène de conversion de structure organisationnelle des bourses de mutuelle-à-cotée sur la performance et sur la qualité de marché. Les résultats suggèrent que, bien que cette conversion améliore la performance financière des bourses, elle peut néanmoins nuire à la qualité de marché. Le chapitre 4 est une étude empirique de l’impact de la période de pré-ouverture sur la découverte des prix et la formation de la liquidité sur le marché primaire et sur les plateformes concurrentes. Les résultats montrent que les prix indicatifs de la période de pré-ouverture participent à la découverte des prix et contiennent également des informations particulièrement au début de la pré-ouverture. / This dissertation is made of three distinct chapters. Each of these chapters investigates a specific impact of the increased competition among stock exchanges in capital markets. Chapter 2 proposes a theoretical model to analyze the effect of competition on the quality of the certification process offered by stock exchanges. The findings show that overestimating the quality of a project is an equilibrium despite the presence of the reputation costs. Chapter 3 analyzes the effects of the mutual-to-stock conversion phenomenon on market performance and on market quality of listed exchanges. The results suggest that while stock exchange ownership conversion enhances the stock exchange financial performance, it may be detrimental to market quality. Chapter 4 empirically examines the impact of the pre-opening period of an incumbent market on price discovery and market liquidity on the primary market and on the competing venues. Results provide evidence that tentative prices during the pre-opening period participate to price discovery and also contain information particularly early during the pre-opening.