Existem evidências de que os produtores de café preferem transacionar via mercado spot ao invés de atuar em mercados de entrega futura ou realizar contratos de longo prazo com a indústria. Se o estabelecimento de contratos permite a redução do risco, quais fatores, associados a estas formas de transação, estariam influenciando a decisão dos cafeicultores? Este trabalho busca relacionar a determinação da forma de governança da transação de venda do café com a maneira como o cafeicultor percebe o risco. Sob a perspectiva da geração da renda, a preferência por relações spot, portanto, de curta duração é justificável? Como o tomador da decisão incorpora sua visão do risco para fazer sua escolha? Para esclarecer tais questões, primeiramente, são conduzidas entrevistas com produtores, visando identificar o perfil dos cafeicultores e entender como, mesmo que implicitamente, eles incorporam a gestão de rico em suas escolhas contratuais. Em seguida, este estudo elabora um modelo de simulação da renda dos produtores utilizando dois cenários, o ocorrido (cenário real) e um cenário com a adoção de contratos que limitem a margem de variação dos preços. / There are evidences pointing that coffee producers rather prefer transact their product through spot market than by future contracts or by long-term contracts with the industry. If the establishment of those contracts allows risk reduction and mitigation, what factors associated with these transaction forms are influencing the producers\' decisions? This study seeks to unite the governance form choice of the coffee selling transaction with the risk observance by the producers. Under the perspective of income generation, the preference for spot transactions is justified? How the decision maker aggregates his risk vision in order to make such choice? To answer those questions, first, an income simulation model is derived, using two scenarios, one using real spot price and another one with hypothetical contracts that diminishes the price fluctuation. Following that, interviews with a few producers take place, in order to understand how they, even if in implicit way, incorporate a risk managing notion to their activity.

Existem evidências de que os produtores de café preferem transacionar via mercado spot ao invés de atuar em mercados de entrega futura ou realizar contratos de longo prazo com a indústria. Se o estabelecimento de contratos permite a redução do risco, quais fatores, associados a estas formas de transação, estariam influenciando a decisão dos cafeicultores? Este trabalho busca relacionar a determinação da forma de governança da transação de venda do café com a maneira como o cafeicultor percebe o risco. Sob a perspectiva da geração da renda, a preferência por relações spot, portanto, de curta duração é justificável? Como o tomador da decisão incorpora sua visão do risco para fazer sua escolha? Para esclarecer tais questões, primeiramente, são conduzidas entrevistas com produtores, visando identificar o perfil dos cafeicultores e entender como, mesmo que implicitamente, eles incorporam a gestão de rico em suas escolhas contratuais. Em seguida, este estudo elabora um modelo de simulação da renda dos produtores utilizando dois cenários, o ocorrido (cenário real) e um cenário com a adoção de contratos que limitem a margem de variação dos preços. / There are evidences pointing that coffee producers rather prefer transact their product through spot market than by future contracts or by long-term contracts with the industry. If the establishment of those contracts allows risk reduction and mitigation, what factors associated with these transaction forms are influencing the producers\' decisions? This study seeks to unite the governance form choice of the coffee selling transaction with the risk observance by the producers. Under the perspective of income generation, the preference for spot transactions is justified? How the decision maker aggregates his risk vision in order to make such choice? To answer those questions, first, an income simulation model is derived, using two scenarios, one using real spot price and another one with hypothetical contracts that diminishes the price fluctuation. Following that, interviews with a few producers take place, in order to understand how they, even if in implicit way, incorporate a risk managing notion to their activity.

Syftet är att bidra med kunskap om lärarnas upplevelse av sin planeringstid och sin arbetssituation. Det innefattar de strategier som lärarna kommer använda sig av när rektorn styr planeringstiden och hur styrningen uppfattas. Studien ställer frågor som rör lärarnas hantering av frirum och korstryck.  Tidigare forskning visar att planeringstid prioriteras bort vilket får konsekvenser för lärarna. Möjligheten att utnyttja frirummet mellan yttre och inre styrning bör utvecklas för att ge lärarna kontroll i sin profession. Rektor anger hur frirummet utnyttjas vilket inverkar på lärarnas hantering av planeringstiden.  Denna kvalitativa studie använder frirumsteorin som teoretisk utgångspunkt och analysverktyg. Frirumsteorin utgår från förhållandet mellan inre och yttre styrning. Empiriskt material har hämtats från intervjuer med föreställningskarta. Analysen gjordes utifrån fyra nyckelord med tabellmetoden och från kriterierna styrning av och styrning i skolan. Resultatet visar att rektorns styrning ger lärarna arbetsvillkoren som höjer eller hindrar lärarens möjligheter att kunna utföra professionen. I frirummet ges lärarna möjlighet att arbeta i balans mellan styrningsformerna. När lärarna arbetar i läraryrket som profession och har daglig tid för samtal upplevs kontroll. En slutsats är att när rektorn tillåter lärarna att utnyttja frirummet och vara i sin profession upplevs inget korstryck. Lärarna upplever att de kontrollerar sin planeringstid. Studien uppmärksammar inre och yttre styrning, frirum och korstryck som  vetenskapligt och teoretiskt förankrade i frirumsteorin. Lärarnas upplevelse av och strategier för sin planeringstid samt rektorns styrning analyseras utifrån dessa styrningsformer. / The purpose of this thesis is to add knowledge about the teachers' experience of their planning time and work situation. What strategies will teachers use when the principal controls the planning time and how the steering is perceived? The study investigates how teachers handle free space and cross pressure. Previous research reveals how planning time is deprioritized away, which leads to consequences for teachers. The teacher´s possibility to use the free space should be developed to provide control for the teachers. The principal sets the framework for how the free space can be used and decides how teachers manage their planning time. Free space theory is the theoretical starting point and analysis tool for this qualitative study. The theory of scope for action theory is based on the relationship between internal and external control. The empirical material was gathered from interviews with the performance map. The analysis was based on four keywords using the table method and from the forms of governance in schools. The results show that the principal's governance gives teachers working conditions that raise or hinder the teacher's ability to perform their profession. In the free space, teachers must be given the opportunity to work in a balance between the forms of governance. When teachers work in the teaching profession as profession and have daily time for conversations between teachers, they experience a sense of perceived control. One conclusion is that when the principal allows teachers to gain advantage of the free space and be in their profession, there is no cross pressure. Teachers feel in control of their planning time.  The study draws attention to internal and external control that is scientifically and theoretically anchored in the scope for action theory. The teachers' experience and strategies for their planning time and the principal's governance were analyzed based on these forms of governance.