Ausdruck zielführender Gouvernementalität ist auch die verfassungsrechtlich umstrittene Neuordnung der Rundfunkbeiträge in Deutschland. Seit Jahresbeginn 2013 ist der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk bekanntlich eine an die Wohnung gekoppelte Zwangsabgabe der Bürgerinnen und Bürger („Fünfzehnter Rundfunkänderungsstaatsvertrag“). Zwangsfernsehen bedeutet nun nicht, dass man tatsächlich gezwungen wird, öffentlich-rechtliches Fernsehen zu sehen, sondern nur, dass man es bezahlen muss, auch wenn man es nicht sieht. Grund ist insbesondere der Bildungs- und Informationsauftrag des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks.

This study analyzes the three most recent pieces of Canadian immigration legislation: the Immigration Act of 1952, the Immigration Act of 1976, and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act of 2001 (herein referred to collectively as the documents). The intent is to contribute to the archaeology of immigration in Canadian Federal legislation, and more specifically, to the ways that the immigration applicant, immigrant, and the immigration process in Canada, have been constituted over time. This project uses a modified version of Jean Carabine’s (2001) method of Foucauldian discourse analysis to articulate the various meanings and potential effects that are produced in the documents. The work of Michel Foucault and the governmentality approach is then applied to make sense of these findings. Two main conclusions are generated. The first details how elements of state racism and bio-nationalism are apparent in all three acts, and must be regarded as complimentary to one another, as they co-exist and operate together on different planes. The second discusses a shift in the documents from a focus on welfare rationalities, to neo-liberal rationalities, using the example of the shifting portrayal of the immigrant (and immigration applicant) from someone with the potential to become a liability to the welfare state, to a neo-liberal subject.

Over the past few decades, there has been a shift in crime control discourses, from an almost exclusive focus on traditional criminal justice objectives and practices, to attention to ‘community’ and a range of strategies that seek to prevent crime and increase safety. Overall, evaluations of the community mobilization approach to crime prevention and safety conclude that these initiatives have generally demonstrated limited long-term impacts on ‘crime’ and safety at the local level. Through the ‘what works’ lens, the limits of the approach have typically been attributed to implementation challenges related to outreach and mobilization, and inadequate resourcing. Through a more critical lens, using studies on governmentality as a starting point, this study examines the mechanisms through which crime prevention and community safety became thinkable as sites of governance in Canada, and more specifically within the Community Development Framework (CDF) in Ottawa (ON). To this end, I conducted an ethnography using a triangulation of data collection methods, including extensive fieldwork and direct participant observation within the CDF. The findings of this ethnography describe in detail how the CDF emerged and unfolded (from 2008 to 2010) from a variety of perspectives. These findings show that the CDF encountered a number of common challenges associated with program implementation and community-based evaluation. However, the lack of progress made towards adhering to CDF principles and reaching CDF goals cannot be reduced to these failures alone. The CDF highlights the importance of locating the community approach to crime prevention within its wider socio-political context, and of paying attention to its numerous ‘messy actualities’. These include the dynamics and repercussions of: governing at a distance and of the dispersal of social control; the neoliberal creation and responsibilization of choice-makers; relations of power, knowledge and the nature of expertise; the messiness of the notion of ‘community’; bureaucratic imperatives and professional interests; the words versus deeds of community policing; and processes relevant to resistance within current arrangements.

People convicted of sexual offences are arguably one of the most marginalized criminal offender groups because both the general population and offender populations tend to have hardened views of these individuals (Spencer, 2009; Wilson & Prinzo, 2001). Circles of Support and Accountability Ottawa (CoSA-Ottawa) is an organization that helps people convicted of sexual offences reintegrate into society by challenging traditional forms of community reintegration. CoSA-Ottawa was founded on the principles of restorative justice, which are exemplified in their mottos “no more victims” and “no one is disposable.” The organization relies on the commitment and contribution of volunteers to assist with the reintegration process. While there have been various studies on CoSA from different perspectives (Duwe, 2012; Fox, 2014; Wilson, Picheca, and Prinzo, 2007; Wilson & Prinzo, 2001), there have been few studies directly focusing on CoSA-Ottawa volunteers through a critical lens. This study examines the subjective experiences of CoSA-Ottawa volunteers who work with people labeled as ‘sex offenders.’ The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with six participants. Each interview transcript was transcribed and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The master themes that developed through this study include: the humanization of the monstrous, the reintegration and re-socialization through a helping relationship, and overall impacts of these relationships on CoSA-Ottawa volunteers. Using a governmentality and power conceptual framework, this thesis demonstrates how the relationships between the core members and volunteers are transformative and act as an extension of the carceral system. Further, this thesis illustrates that the supportive function of these relationships is explicit, while their governing function is implicit.

Many legal systems throughout the world have established out-of-court remedies to rectify miscarriages of justice and wrongful convictions. In Canada, this extraordinary remedy is served by a government minister, who is entrusted with the assessment of claims of innocence post-conviction. While researchers have already addressed various concerns over the current conviction review process (Braiden & Brockman, 1999; Walker & Campbell, 2009; Roach, 2012a), Roach (2012b) emphasized that little is known about the applicant’s lived experience. This thesis intends to explore the underlying rationale of the current regime under section 696.1 of the Criminal Code and shed light on how the Canadian government, through the Minister of Justice addresses claims and attempts to remedy wrongful conviction. A case study of Mr. Hailemikael Fekade Kassa’s criminal case file, an applicant who consented to this study of his second-degree murder conviction in 2009, will be used to explore the challenges faced by a Canadian claimant of innocence in preparation of his post-conviction review application. This research has revealed that: (1) the Canadian conviction review process implicitly removes the responsibility for error from the conventional justice system; and (2) despite significant evidence capable of raising doubt, the applicant under study encountered great difficulty in meeting the stringent eligibility criteria. A review of the literature provides the necessary contextual information to this critical examination through a comparative study of the post-conviction review schemes operating in North Carolina, the United Kingdom, Norway and Canada. Further, this project uses Foucault’s (1991) theory of governmentality as its analytical framework to investigate the governmental technologies and rationalities securing the current objectives of the Canadian review process and to explore the effects of policy at the micro-level. Following a presentation of the major findings and brief discussions of the evidence discovered in Mr. Kassa’s file, a final analysis situates the research findings within governmentality theory and highlights their broader implications.

The term “evidence-based” is ubiquitous in practice and policy-making settings around the world; it is de rigueur to claim this approach. This dissertation is an inquiry into the work of evidence-based policy-making with a particular focus on the social practices of policy work/ers involved with developing policies relating to chronic disease at the Ministry of Health in British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. I begin with an examination of tensions in the policy-making literature germane to the relationship between knowledge, its production, and policy-making: the environment into which evidence-based policy-making emerged in the 1990s. Drawing on the theorising of knowledge, discourse, and power – particularly from Foucault’s work – for the analytic approach, I present the commitment to claims of “evidence-based” practices found in key government policy framework documents and policy workers’ accounts of their practices, gathered through interviews. I then show the unravelling of this commitment in those accounts. This research reveals how the policy frameworks construct chronic disease as a financial burden on the health care system and direct policy workers to develop policies with this construction in mind. The discourses associated with evidence-based policy-making narrow how policy workers can think about evidence and its production to positivist, scientific methods and numerical measures that will provide proof of cost cutting. Proponents of evidence-based policy-making laud it as keeping politics and ideology out of the policy-making process. However, the policy workers I interviewed reveal the power relations organising their deeply political work environment. Furthermore, the minutiae constituting policy-making practices produce a “managerialist approach to governance” (Edwards, Gillies, and Horsley, 2015, p. 1) in which people with chronic disease are noticeable by their near-absence. When they do appear, they are responsibilised to decrease the burden on the health/care system and the economy. I argue that as a governing project with an appearance of failure, given the many cracks in the commitment to the claim and the practices of being evidence-based, the discourse of evidence-based policy-making is actually quite successful. It has continuous effects: people are separated (so-called apolitical policy workers into imagined neutral space and decision-makers into political space), knowledge is divided, costs and responsibilities are downloaded to individuals, and evidence-based discourses appear in countless settings. The governing works. / Graduate

This dissertation analyzes processes of globalization, through a critical examination of the dynamics of neoliberalism in the Americas. It employs and also develops a Foucauldian governmentality analytical framework, demonstrating how such a framework contributes to our understanding of world politics. This dissertation also develops the concept of a liberal political imaginary—consisting of the market, society, and the state—and utilizes this as an analytical framework for understanding the globalization of neoliberal forms of governance. The research suggests that discourses and practices of globalization, global civil society, and global governance represent a fundamental transformation in the way that contemporary social and political reality is understood, and that this has significant consequences for the kinds of political practices and relations that are possible. Moreover, the research suggests the globalization of a neoliberal form of competitive subjectivity that can be applied to a broad range of actors—from individuals to nation-states and international organizations—is reshaping contemporary world politics. The dissertation concludes by suggesting how Foucauldian IR can move forward by incorporating studies of contemporary transformations in capitalism into their analyses.

A investigação que embasa a presente tese tem como objetivo analisar a racionalidade pedagógica que sustenta a produção de subjetividades empreendedoras; e como horizonte teórico, algumas noções presentes no pensamento de Michel Foucault, especialmente em seus últimos cursos. A partir das proposições sobre uma pedagogia dita empreendedora, buscou-se compor um quadro das noções ético-políticos aí vigentes, as quais gravitam em torno de noções de felicidade, sucesso, destino, eficiência e produtividade, tomando o indivíduo como capital de si mesmo e sua própria vida como alvo de investimento ininterrupto. Entendendo o empreendedorismo menos como uma plataforma discursiva subserviente às forças ideológicas em voga e mais como uma espécie de poeira do presente, visou-se, por meio de um recuo arqueogenealógico, investigar a modulação do poder pastoral e da governamentalidade neoliberal operada na e pela literatura pedagógica do final do século XVIII e início do XIX. Na qualidade de fontes empíricas, foram selecionados alguns textos de Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, Johann Herbart e, em especial, Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister, obra de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Tal escolha deveu-se, sobretudo, ao fato de tais textos serem constantemente referidos como fundadores da educação moderna pela historiografia educacional. No que se refere ao âmbito teórico-metodológico, além de Michel Foucault, a pesquisa teve como intercessores privilegiados Gilles Deleuze, Paul Veyne, Nikolas Rose e Giorgio Agamben, entre outros pensadores alinhados à perspectiva pós-estruturalista. A partir do enfrentamento analítico com as fontes eleitas, pôde-se observar um deslocamento do governamento teístico para uma noção de salvação laica ancorada na ideia do homem educado como operador de seu destino. Despontaria aí um sujeito que se imagina construtor de sua própria história e, portanto, capaz de gerir sua vida, por meio de determinadas práticas sobre si mesmo, tais como: voltar o olhar para si, buscando sua motivação e sua verdade supostamente interiores; descobrir e desenvolver seus talentos; aprender a aprender; retirar das experiências com o mundo lições para uma vida bem-sucedida; identificar e aprimorar suas habilidades e aptidões; cuidar da própria saúde, mantendo-se saudável e produtivo; manter-se atualizado etc. Daí o pietismo configurar um capítulo destacado em tal projeto, com vistas à autonomização do homem e, por conseguinte, sua realização na vida mundana. No diagrama que vem produzindo esse éthos para o homem contemporâneo, planteiam-se modos de veridicção e de subjetivação em que querer, obedecer e empreender constituem um nexo indissociável na forja do governo de si e dos outros. / The purpose of the investigation that serves as the basis for this thesis is to analyze the pedagogic rationality that sustains the production of entrepreneurial subjectivities; and as a theoretical horizon, several notions present in the thinking of Michel Foucault, especially in his most recent courses. From the proposals of a pedagogy that is self-declared as entrepreneurial, an attempt was made to put together a set of applicable ethical and political notions, which revolve around notions of happiness, success, destiny, efficiency and productivity, which take on the individual as capital of himself and his own life as the target of uninterrupted investment. Understanding entrepreneurialism less as a platform for discourse that is subservient to the ideological forces of the moment and more of a kind of dust of the present, the aim was to investigate, by means of a geneological regression, the modulation of pastoral power and neoliberal governmentality operated in and by pedagogic literature at the end of the 18th Century and beginning of the 19th Century. As empirical sources, several texts by Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, Johann Herbart and, especially, Wilhelm Meister\'s Apprenticeship, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, were selected. This choice was due, above all, to the fact that these tests are constantly referenced as the foundations of modern education by educational historiography. With regards to the theoretical-methodological sphere, besides Michel Foucault, the research features as privileged intercessors Gilles Deleuze, Paul Veyne, Nikolas Rose and Giorgio Agamben, among other thinkers aligned with the post-structuralist perspective. From an analytical confrontation with selected sources, there is a shift from theistic governing to a notion of secular salvation anchored in the idea of the educated man as the operator of his own destiny. This is when a subject is capable of imagining himself as the builder of his own story and thus capable of managing his own life, by means of certain practices involving himself, such as: looking back at himself, searching for his supposedly interior motivation and his truth; discovering and developing his talents; learning to learn; removing lessons for a successful life from experiences with the world; identifying and improving his abilities and skills; looking after his own health, keeping himself healthy and productive; keeping up to date, etc. Thus pietism constitutes a special chapter in this project, with a view to the autonomization of man and, consequently, his realization in everyday life. In the diagram that has been producing this ethos for modern man, methods for veridiction and subjection have been sown, in which wanting, obeying and developing constitute an unbreakable nexus of the government of oneself and others.

Syftet med denna praktiknära studie är att synliggöra diskurser och menings erbjudanden som framträder när elever beskriver sina erfarenheter av ett mål- och resultatstyrt arbetssätt och vilka förhållningssätt till lärande som utkristalliseras bland dem. Studien har genomförts vid ett gymnasium i norra Sverige där 30 elever från årskurs två vid studieförberedande program har deltagit i sex olika fokusgruppintervjuer. Materialet har analyserats med hjälp av Faircloughs tredimensionella diskursanalys. Resultatet visar att det i skolans diskursiva praktik finns en högt rankad mätbarhetsdiskurs där situationsbunden kunskap inte har samma status och där det pågår en diskursiv kamp mellan mål- ochresultatstyrning och sociokulturell lärandetradition. En framträdande diskurs är bedömningsdiskursen som generar ett performativt förhållningssätt hos elever. När kunskapskrav kommuniceras i samband med olika uppgifter framträder ett meningserbjudande att elever kan välja betygsnivå beroende på tid, ork och motivation. I sin strävan att nå vald betygsnivå genererar diskursen om instruktioner och feedback ett attraktivt meningserbjudande om att följa det goda exemplet. Studiens resultat uppmärksammar även en diskursiv kamp mellanbedömnings diskursen och diskursen om ett livslångt lärande.

HIV/AIDS is now widely recognized as a medically manageable condition. However, more than 2,000 new HIV infections are reported across Canada each year. A pressing issue in the public health response to HIV is how to better engage people at risk and living with the virus in testing, treatment, and support services. For this study, a critical ethnography was undertaken with 22 public health nurses involved in HIV case management in 14 public health units across Ontario. The objectives were to describe the experiences of case management nurses involved in the follow-up of people who test positive for HIV in public health units across Ontario and identify how public health policies shape the boundaries of nursing care and client outcomes in the response to HIV. A poststructuralist, feminist and critical geographical lens was employed to understand how different discourses determine the social and spatial organization of case management and structure the possibilities in nurses’ follow-up at the point-of-care. The main finding is evidence of two different sets of goals and measures in the public health response to HIV in Ontario: (1) a medical-epidemiological discourse tied to a biosecurity approach and goal of disease containment; and (2) a nursing discourse linked to a relational approach aimed at promoting meaningful engagement and ensuring people with HIV “feel supported.” The thesis of this study is that the hegemony of a biosecurity approach and singular biomedical indicator of success (an undetectable viral load) are contributing to the relegation of relational work and nurses’ efforts to support people who are unable or unwilling to engage in risk reduction measures to the margins of care. Strengthening the capacity of case management nurses to develop a relational approach and account for the diversity of emotional and social issues impacting the ability of people to live with HIV may be an important starting point for improving the outcomes of the public health response. The findings have implications for future research, policy, and practice in the areas of governmentality, public health nursing and efforts to end the “War on HIV.”