Связи с общественностью в модели эффективного взаимодействия бизнеса и власти являются одной из функций менеджмента, неотъемлемой частью территориального маркетинга, процессом сознательной организации двусторонних коммуникаций. Продуктивная модель взаимодействия бизнеса и власти приносит очевидную выгоду, как самим субъектам взаимодействия, так и территории присутствия в целом. Механизмы организации и реализации коммуникациями, влияние такой деятельности на развитие территорий – актуальная для российских реалий тема. Выстроенная система коммуникаций, совместная работа и открытый диалог бизнеса и власти могут способствовать стабильному и эффективному развитию общества в целом. В представленной работе отражены теоретические аспекты связей с общественностью бизнеса с органами власти: понятие, функции, инструменты и технологии, модели. Проанализирован зарубежный и отечественный опыт взаимодействия на локальном уровне (малый бизнес и органы местного самоуправления) и в контексте развития территории города, определена и описана наиболее эффективная модель взаимодействия в коммуникационном аспекте. Основываясь на вторичных данных и результатах авторского социологического исследования, проанализирована модель взаимодействия малого бизнеса и органов местного самоуправления в Екатеринбурге, разработаны рекомендации по совершенствованию коммуникативной составляющей модели взаимодействия. / Professional societies founded with the aim of expanding the collegial participation of like-minded people to protect their professional interests are an effective tool for achieving socially useful goals. In the process of regular participation of community members, their exchange of knowledge, experience, decisions complex professional tasks are developing labor resources and professional information space, which promotes the image of the territory as a platform for investment and business development, as a platform for professional growth of the workforce and as a manufacturer of reliable products for consumers. The presented work reflects the features of the influence of PR-events for the formation and development of professional societies, analyzes the role of professional societies in the context of the promotion of territories among the target audience, defines the functionality of professional societies that contribute to the development of socio-economic indicators of the territory. Based on the results of methodological and empirical research, a program of PR events was developed to form a professional society of geotechnical engineering to promote the Ural region.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nilson_Manoel_dos_Santos.pdf: 559210 bytes, checksum: 3208249223787dd273b338f085324b3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-22 / This paper has the purpose of verifying the effect of the ICMS deferment in the State of S??o Paulo printing industries - a kind of back tax substitution. The theoretical reference discusses the tax substitution and the tax on transactions relating to the goods circulation. The quantitative research covered the printing industries that manufacture paper and card paper packing, medicine bulls, labels and tags, since they are fitted into this kind of tax substitution. It was used the factor analysis and, after rotated, were found the factors: satisfaction, benefits, the government actuation and the facilities. The search results show that these entrepreneurs are not satisfied with the ICMS deferment, because it does not present benefits, since the government does not fulfill its role in the approval of credits, resulting in difficulties to repass the ICMS accumulated credits for the payment of the suppliers by the purchasing of raw materials. This research identified that, if the manufacturers might revindicate the deferment revocation, they would ask it or even change for a state not covered by this kind of back tax substitution that corresponds to the deferment. It was highlighted in research that contributed to deferral not lowering the price, reduce capital and the third increase in not competitiveness. / O objetivo desta pesquisa ?? verificar qual o efeito do diferimento do ICMS nas ind??strias gr??ficas do Estado de S??o Paulo, que ?? uma das esp??cies de substitui????o tribut??ria denominada substitui????o tribut??ria para tr??s. O referencial te??rico trata de: gest??o tribut??ria; imposto sobre opera????es relativas ?? circula????o de mercadorias; guerra fiscal, substitui????o tribut??ria; sistema de informa????o ERP; mark-up; forma????o do pre??o de venda; cr??dito acumulado de ICMS e IVA. A pesquisa quantitativa abrangeu as ind??strias gr??ficas que fabricam embalagem em papel e papel cart??o, bula, etiqueta e r??tulo, por serem as que se enquadram nesse tipo de substitui????o tribut??ria. Foi utilizada a an??lise descritiva dos respondentes e an??lise fatorial e, ap??s ser rotacionada, foram encontrados os fatores: satisfa????o, benef??cio, o papel do governo e as facilidades. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que esses empres??rios n??o est??o satisfeitos com o diferimento do ICMS, pois n??o traz benef??cios, uma vez que o governo n??o cumpre o seu papel na homologa????o dos cr??ditos, havendo dificuldade em repassar os cr??ditos acumulados de ICMS para o pagamento de aquisi????o das mat??rias-primas nos fornecedores. Esta pesquisa identificou que, se os fabricantes tivessem oportunidade de reivindicar a revoga????o do diferimento, eles a solicitariam ou, ainda, mudariam para um Estado n??o abrangido por essa esp??cie de substitui????o tribut??ria para tr??s, correspondente ao diferimento. Foi evidenciada na pesquisa que o diferimento n??o contribui para o barateamento do pre??o, redu????o de capital de terceiros e n??o aumenta a competitividade.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rejane Escrivani Guedes.pdf: 2537678 bytes, checksum: fa415f1591e33c3b7c367223fc134c67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Cowpea genotypes submitted to organic management were evaluated for grain yield and green manure, as well as intercropped with corn, under field conditions of Serop?dica, state of Rio de Janeiro. In the year of 2005, 53 cowpea genotypes were compared at the Integrated Agroecology Produc tion System ( SIPA Km 47 Agroecologic Farm) relating to qualitative and quantitative agronomic traits. Data were treated by following univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Significant differences were detected with respect to all the evaluated parameters. Genotypes EES-02, EES-08, EES-26, EES47, Feij?o-Caupi and Feij?o Mau? showed favourable attributes for immature (=green) grain yield. They presented determinate growth habit with moderate branchding and flowering stage up to 45 days after sowing, only differing by pod and grain colors. Univariete analysis demonstrated high variability among cowpea genotypes. However, multivariate analysis was more efficient to joint selected agronomic traits for identification of genotyp ic groups, which can be important in cowpea breeding programs. Cowpea and corn intercrops also submitted to organic cultivation were evaluated by means of two field experiments carried out at SIPA. In Experiment 1, the cowpea cultivars Mau?, BRS Mil?nio and Olho de Peixe were intercropped with corn (cv. AG-1051) to function as green manures. A randomized blocks design was employed in factorial 2x3 scheme (two corn plant spacing x three cowpea cultivars). In Experiment 2, Mau? cowpea and AG-1051 corn were intercropped for harvesting immature (=green) grains and spikes, respectively. Treatments consisted of four time intervals between cowpea and corn sowing. As for Experiment 1, corn planted in double rows favoured cowpea aboveground biomass production, probably due to a greater amount of light admitted into the system. Results from Experiments 2 indicated that intercrop with cowpea did not decrease corn yield which reached averages of 9,5 and 5,9 Mg ha-1 of ears with and without straw, respectively. Regarding cowpea grain yield of Mau? cultivar its single crop was superior to the intercrops exceeding 1400 kg ha-1. Treatment corresponding to 21 days of interval between cowpea and corn sowing differed from the other types of intecrops, with yield attaining 978,75 ka ka-1. It is concluded that the intercropping system can se adopted in the region without risks of lowering corn yield due to competition, being three weeks (21 days) the most adequate time interval between sowing. / Foi avaliado, em sistema org?nico de produ??o, o desempenho de gen?tipos de feij?o-caupi com potencial para produ??o de gr?os verdes e aduba??o verde, e em cons?rcios com o milho, nas condi??es da Baixada Fluminense, munic?pio de Serop?dica, estado do Rio de Janeiro. No ano de 2005, em ?rea do SIPA, (Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km. 47 ), foram avaliados 53 gen?tipos de feij?o-caupi, segundo caracter?sticas fitot?cnicas qualitativas e quantitativas. Os dados foram submetidos a an?lise de vari?ncia univariada e a an?lise multivariada. Houve diferen?a significativa para todos os par?metros avaliados. Os gen?tipos EES-02, EES-08, EES-26, EES-47, Feij?o-Caupi e Feij?o Mau? reuniram caracter?sticas mais adequadas para colheita de gr?os verdes, apresentando porte semi-ramador, h?bito de crescimento determinado, com florescimento at? 45 dias ap?s semeadura, diferindo apenas pela colora??o da vagem e do gr?o. Os resultados da an?lise univariada demonstraram alta variabilidade entre os gen?tipos. Por?m, para o caso de se reunir v?rios atributos fitot?cnicos, constituindo grupos de gen?tipos, a an?lise multivariada se mostrou mais eficiente e pode ser de valia para o melhoramento do feij?o-caupi. Foi avaliado, ainda, o desempenho agron?mico dos cons?rcios do milho com o feij?o-caupi submetidos ao manejo org?nico, atrav?s de dois experimentos conduzidos no SIPA. No Experimento 1, avaliou-se o desempenho de tr?s cultivares de feij?o-caupi para aduba??o verde do milho (cv. AG-1501) em cons?rcios simult?neos. As cultivares de feij?o-caupi Mau?, BRS Mil?nio e Olho de Peixe foram utilizadas, adotando-se delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (dois espa?amentos de milho e tr?s cultivares de feij?ocaupi). No Experimento 2, avaliou-se o cons?rcio entre feij?o-caupi (cv. Mau?) e milho (cv. AG-1051) para colheitas de gr?os verdes e de espigas verdes, respectivamente. Os tratamentos constaram de quatro intervalos entre as semeaduras de feij?o-caupi e de milho. No Experimento 1, o espa?amento do milho em fileiras duplas favoreceu a produ??o de biomassa a?rea fresca de feij?o-caupi, muito provavelmente pela maior entrada de luz no sistema. Os resultados do Experimento 2 indicaram que o cons?rcio n?o interferiu na produtividade do milho, colhendo-se, em m?dia, 9,5 e 5,9 Mg ha-1 de espigas verdes empalhadas e desempalhadas, respectivamente. Com rela??o ? produ??o de gr?os verdes da cv. Mau? de feij?o-caupi, o monocultivo superou os cons?rcios com o milho, ultrapassando 1400 kg ha-1. O cons?rcio correspondente a 21 DAM (dias antes do milho) diferiu dos demais tipos de cons?rcio, sendo superior, em produ??o, que atingiu 978,75 kg ha-1. Concluiu-se que o sistema de cons?rcio com o feij?o-caupi pode ser adotado na regi?o sem risco de perdas na produtividade do milho por efeito de competi??o, sendo de tr?s semanas (21 DAM) o intervalo mais adequado entre as semeaduras.

This dissertation offers the first systematic historical contextualization and literary analysis of the five saints' lives composed by Philotheos Kokkinos (ca. 1300-1378) for his contemporaries Nikodemos the Younger, Sabas the Younger, Isidore Boucheir, Germanos Maroules, and Gregory Palamas. Notwithstanding Kokkinos' prominent role in the political and ecclesiastical scene of fourteenth-century Byzantium, as well as the size and significance of his hagiographic oeuvre, both the hagiographer and his saints' lives have received surprisingly little scholarly attention. My dissertation fills this gap and shows Kokkinos as a gifted hagiographer who played a leading role, both through his ecclesiastical authority and hagiographic discourse, in orchestrating the societal breakthrough of hesychast theology that has remained at the core of Christian Orthodoxy up to this day. The dissertation is structured in three parts. The first, Philotheos Kokkinos and His OEuvre, offers an extensive biographical portrait of Kokkinos, introduces his literary oeuvre, and discusses its manuscript tradition. A thorough palaeographical investigation of fourteenth-century codices carrying his writings reveals Kokkinos' active involvement in the process of copying, reviewing, and publishing his own works. This section includes an analysis of the 'author's edition' manuscript Marcianus graecus 582, and presents its unusual fate. Moreover, Part I establishes the chronology of Kokkinos' vitae of contemporary saints and offers biographical sketches of his heroes, highlighting their relationship to their hagiographer. The second part, Narratological Analysis of Kokkinos' Vitae of Contemporary Saints, constitutes the first comprehensive analysis of Kokkinos' narrative technique. It first discusses the types of hagiographic composition ('hagiographic genre') Kokkinos employed for his saints' lives (hypomnema, bios kai politeia, and logos), and then it offers a detailed investigation that sheds light on the organization of the narrative in Kokkinos' vitae and his use of specific narrative devices. This includes a discussion of hesychastic elements couched in the narrative. Part II concludes with considerations on Kokkinos' style and intended audience. The third part, Saints and Society, begins with a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the miracle accounts Kokkinos wove in his saints' lives. This considers the miracle typology, types of afflictions, methods of healing, and the demographic characteristics of the beneficiaries (such as age, gender, and social status), revealing that Kokkinos shows a predilection for including miracles for members of the aristocracy. Second, it presents Kokkinos' view on the relationship between the imperial office and ecclesiastical authority by analysing how he portrays the emperor(s) in his vitae. Moreover, this part addresses the saints' encounters with the 'other' (Muslims and Latins), revealing Kokkinos' nuanced understanding of the threats and opportunities raised by these interactions. Finally, it makes the claim that through his saints' lives Kokkinos offers models of identification and refuge in the troubled social and political context of fourteenth-century Byzantium, promoting a spiritual revival of society. As my dissertation shows, Kokkinos' vitae of contemporary saints sought to shape and were shaped by the political and theological disputes of fourteenth-century Byzantium, especially those surrounding hesychasm. Their analysis offers insights into the thought-world of their author and sheds more light on the late-Byzantine religious and cultural context of their production. The dissertation is equipped with six technical appendices presenting the chronology of Kokkinos' life and works, the narrative structure of his vitae of contemporary saints, a critical edition of the preface of his hitherto unedited Logos on All Saints (BHG 1617g), a transcription of two hitherto unedited prayers Kokkinos addressed to the emperors, the content of Marc. gr. 582 and Kokkinos' autograph interventions, and manuscript plates.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-19T14:33:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016- Rodolfo Cond? Fernandes.pdf: 1891258 bytes, checksum: d3f6f4175d22736ad9299a9acbcef3c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T14:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016- Rodolfo Cond? Fernandes.pdf: 1891258 bytes, checksum: d3f6f4175d22736ad9299a9acbcef3c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Cap. I The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, nodulation, production and technological analysis of grains of common bean cultivars under organic and conventional fertilization. Two field experiments were conducted at the research site of Embrapa Agrobiologia, Serop?dica - RJ, during April and July 2013 and April and August 2014. A 4x4 factorial split plot design (4 bean cultivars and 4 fertilization) with four replications was used, the fertilizations in the plots and cultivars in the subplots. The cultivars were Apor?, Constanza, Manteig?o e Valente. The fertilizer treatments were: absolute control, chemical fertilizer and two levels of cattle manure applied at planting and castor seed meal applied at top dressed. The subplots were 4 lines of 4 m spaced by 0.5 m, using 12 seeds per meter. The seeds were inoculated with rhizobium commercial inoculant for bean with peat as a means of inoculation. Plants were sampled at two growth stages, for biomass and nodulation at flowering, and for grain yield and yield components at maturity of each cultivar. In order to determine the influence of fertilization on the cooking time and grain water absorption, a field experiment was carried out When? with 6 bean cultivars with chemical or organic fertilization. In both years, the lower dose of organic fertilizer had higher nodulation than higher organic dose and the control treatment and chemical fertilizer did not differ between themselves and had the lowest values for number and mass of nodules. In both years, cultivars Apor? and Valente showed higher number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index than the other cultivars. However, there were no differences between cultivars for grain yield in the two years. Organic fertilization associated with inoculation in the two years provided yields ranging from 209.9 to 262.4 g m-2, considered satisfactory and similar to those obtained by chemical fertilizer, arising as a promising technology. The organic fertilization provided N, P, K and Mg contents in grains similar to treatment with chemical fertilization. At experiment of 2015, the percentage of water absorption in grains and baking time was higher in beans that received chemical fertilizers for most cultivars Cap. II The production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in small growing areas, coupled with the use of technologies that provide a reduction in the production cost and increase the economic returns of farmers, demand the identification of cultivars better suited to this type of management and accepted in the regional consumer market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of different bean cultivars of different types of commercial grain and the techniques of low cost management used by family farmers in Cachoeiras de Macacu region - RJ. Two experiments were conducted between April and July 2014 (winter crop) in two family farm properties. The sites were "Dois Irm?os" and "Santa Monica". Five bean cultivars were evaluated at ?Dois Irm?os? (Constanza, Kaboon, Manteig?o, Radiante and Valente) and two fertilization treatments (chemistry fertilizer at farmers? applied rate and organic fertilizer). At the Santa Monica site 6 cultivars were evaluated (Valente, Constanza, Radiante, Bolinha, Pitanga and Jalo Precoce) without any fertilization, with four replicates per treatment. The plots were spaced lines of 4 m by 0.5 m, using 12 seeds per meter. Seeds were inoculated with peat based commercial rhizobia inoculants. At maturity, grains of each cultivar were harvested from an area of 2 m2 in the two central lines of each plot for productivity assessment. Grain yield of the five cultivars did not differ among the fertilizer treatments at ?Dois Irm?os?. Grain production of the six cultivars did not differ from each other at ?Santa Monica?. The Valente and Radiante cultivars reached the highest production for the two sites; ?Dois Irm?os? and ?Santa Monica?, respectively. In general, all cultivars showed good performance for the different types of management, with average yield above 2000 kg ha-1 in the two properties. Technique of inoculation of seeds with rhizobia was well evaluated by farmers by the ease implementation and low cost of deployment. / Cap. I O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, produ??o e a an?lise tecnol?gica de gr?os de cultivares de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris), sob aduba??o org?nica e convencional. Dois experimentos foram realizados em campo na Embrapa Agrobiologia, em Serop?dica ? RJ, entre abril e julho de 2013 e abril e agosto de 2014, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x4 em parcelas subdivididas (4 cultivares e 4 tipos de aduba??o) com quatro repeti??es, as aduba??es dispostas nas parcelas e as cultivares nas subparcelas. Foram utilizadas as cultivares Apor?, Constanza, Manteig?o e Valente. Os tratamentos de aduba??o foram testemunha absoluta, aduba??o qu?mica e duas doses de aduba??o org?nica com esterco bovino no sulco de plantio e torta de mamona em cobertura. As subparcelas foram constitu?das por 4 linhas de 4 m espa?adas de 0,5 m, empregando-se 12 sementes por metro linear. As sementes foram inoculadas com inoculante comercial contendo riz?bio para feijoeiro com turfa como meio de inocula??o. Efetuaram-se duas amostragens, uma de biomassa e nodula??o na flora??o e outra na matura??o dos gr?os de cada cultivar para avalia??o do rendimento e componentes de produ??o. No mesmo campo experimental, com o objetivo de se determinar a influ?ncia do manejo sobre a qualidade tecnol?gica dos gr?os, instalou-se um ensaio a campo, entre setembro e dezembro de 2015, para produzir gr?os de 6 cultivares comerciais de feijoeiro comum, sob 2 tipos de aduba??o, qu?mica e org?nica. Comparando-se as m?dias da nodula??o quanto ao tipo de aduba??o Nos dois anos, a menor dose de aduba??o org?nica apresentou valores superiores de nodula??o que a maior dose org?nica e, por sua vez os tratamentos testemunha e aduba??o qu?mica n?o diferiram entre si e apresentaram os menores valores para o n?mero e massa de n?dulos. Nos dois anos, as cultivares Apor? e Valente apresentaram valores superiores de n?mero de vagens por planta, n?mero de gr?os por vagem e ?ndice de colheita que as demais. Entretanto n?o houve diferen?as das cultivares para a 19 produ??o de gr?os os dois anos avaliados. A aduba??o org?nica associada ? inocula??o nos dois anos proporcionou rendimentos variando de 209,9 a 262,4 g m-2, considerados satisfat?rios e semelhantes aos obtidos pela aduba??o qu?mica, mostrando-se uma tecnologia promissora. As aduba??es org?nicas proporcionaram conte?dos de N, P, K e Mg nos gr?os similares ao tratamento com aduba??o qu?mica. No experimento de 2015, a porcentagem de absor??o de ?gua nos gr?os e o tempo de cozimento foram menores quando os gr?os foram provenientes da aduba??o org?nica para a maioria das cultivares. Cap. II A produ??o de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) em pequenas ?reas de cultivo, aliado ao uso de tecnologias que proporcionem redu??o no custo de produ??o e aumento do retorno econ?mico para o agricultor, demanda a identifica??o de cultivares melhor adaptadas a este tipo de manejo e aceita??o no mercado consumidor regional. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a produ??o de diferentes cultivares de feijoeiro, de diferentes tipos comerciais de gr?o, e a utiliza??o t?cnicas de manejo de baixo custo por agricultores familiares da regi?o de Cachoeiras de Macacu ? RJ. Dois experimentos foram realizados entre abril e julho de 2014 (safra de inverno), em duas propriedades sob agricultura familiar, os s?tios ?Dois Irm?os? e ?Santa M?nica?. No s?tio Dois Irm?os adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso no esquema de parcelas subdivididas 2 x 5 (2 aduba??es e 5 cultivares), as aduba??es dispostas nas parcelas e as cultivares nas subparcelas. Foram avaliadas as cultivares (Constanza, Kaboon, Manteig?o, Radiante, Valente) sob os tratamentos de aduba??o (qu?mica praticada pelo agricultor e org?nica), com quatro repeti??es por tratamento. Para o s?tio Santa M?nica, adotou-se um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es, onde foram avaliadas 6 cultivares (Valente, Constanza, Radiante, Bolinha, Pitanga e Jalo Precoce) sem nenhum tipo de aduba??o. Em ambos experimentos, as parcelas foram constitu?das por linhas de 4 m espa?adas de 0,5 m, empregando-se 12 sementes por metro linear, cujas sementes foram inoculadas com inoculante comercial com riz?bio para feijoeiro, com turfa como meio de inocula??o. Na matura??o dos gr?os de cada cultivar, foi colhida uma ?rea de 2 m2 nas duas linhas centrais de cada parcela para avalia??o da produtividade. No S?tio dois Irm?os, a produ??o de gr?os das cinco cultivares n?o diferiu entre os tratamentos aduba??o org?nica e aduba??o qu?mica. No S?tio Santa M?nica, a produ??o de gr?os das seis cultivares n?o diferiu entre si. As cultivares Valente e Radiante atingiram a maior produ??o no S?tio Dois Irm?os e no 57 S?tio Santa M?nica, respectivamente. Em geral, nas duas propriedades, todas as cultivares avaliadas apresentaram bom desempenho para os diferentes tipos de manejo, com rendimento m?dio acima de 2 000 kg ha-1. A t?cnica de inocula??o das sementes com riz?bio foi bem avaliada pelos agricultores, pela facilidade de execu??o e pelo baixo custo de implanta??o.

Dans cette thèse, nous introduisons et étudions une nouvelle représentation implicite des hypersurfaces rationelles et des courbes rationnelles plongées dans un espace projectif de dimension arbitraire. Nous illustrons les avantages de cette représentation matricielle en abordant plusieurs problèmes importants intervenant en conception géométriqueassistée par ordinateur: les problèmes d'intersection entre deux courbes, entre une courbe et une surface ou bien encore entre deux surfaces, le problème d'appartenance d'un point à une courbe ou une surface, le problème du calcul de la pré-image d'un point donné par une paramétrisation et enfin le problème du calcul des singularités d'une courbe rationnelle. L'approche développée dans ce travail de thèse est basée sur la combinaison de méthodes symboliques et numériques. En effet, un première étape symbolique consiste à transformer le problème considérer en un pinceau de matrices. La deuxième étape consiste alors à calculer les valeurs propres généralisées de ce pinceau à l'aide de méthodes numériques. Pour cela, un algorithme d'extraction de la partie régulière d'un pinceau univarié, respectivement bivarié, de matrices non carrées est présenté. Une implémentation de ces travaux dans les systèmes de calcul formel Mathemagix et Maple est présentée en appendice. Le dernier chapitre est conscré à un algorithme qui, étant donné un ensemble de polynômes univariés f1 , ..., fs construit un ensemble de polynômes u1 , ..., us dont les degrés sont prescrits, tels que le degré du pgcd(f1 + u1 , ..., fs + us ) est supérieur ou égal à un entier donné sous des hypothèses de généricité.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoHOS_DISSERT.pdf: 2899752 bytes, checksum: d3160b774efd6749eced9bb34d4a74cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Using formal methods, the developer can increase software s trustiness and correctness. Furthermore, the developer can concentrate in the functional requirements of the software. However, there are many resistance in adopting this software development approach. The main reason is the scarcity of adequate, easy to use, and useful tools. Developers typically write code and test it. These tests usually consist of executing the program and checking its output against its requirements. This, however, is not always an exhaustive discipline. On the other side, using formal methods one might be able to investigate the system s properties further. Unfortunately, specification languages do not always have tools like animators or simulators, and sometimes there are no friendly Graphical User Interfaces. On the other hand, specification languages usually have a compiler which normally generates a Labeled Transition System (LTS). This work proposes an application that provides graphical animation for formal specifications using the LTS as input. The application initially supports the languages B, CSP, and Z. However, using a LTS in a specified XML format, it is possible to animate further languages. Additionally, the tool provides traces visualization, the choices the user did, in a graphical tree. The intention is to improve the comprehension of a specification by providing information about errors and animating it, as the developers do for programming languages, such as Java and C++. / Usando m?todos formais, o desenvolvedor pode aumentar a confiabilidade e corretude do software. Al?m disso, o desenvolvedor pode concentrar-se mais nos requisitos funcionais. Por?m h? muita resist?ncia em se adotar essa abordagem de desenvolvimento de software. A raz?o principal e a escassez de suporte ferramental adequado, ?til e de f?cil utiliza??o. Os desenvolvedores normalmente escrevem o c?digo e o testam. Estes testes geralmente consistem em checar se as sa?das est?o de acordo com os requisitos. Isto, contudo, nem sempre e poss?vel de maneira exaustiva. Por outro lado, usando M?todos Formais um desenvolvedor e capaz de investigar profundamente as propriedades do sistema. Infelizmente, linguagens de especifica??o formal nem sempre possuem ferramentas como animador ou simulador e ?s vezes n?o h? interfaces gr?ficas amig?veis. Por?m, algumas dessas ferramentas possuem um compilador, que gera um Sistema de Transi??es Rotuladas (LTS). A proposta deste trabalho ? desenvolver um aplicativo que fornece anima??o gr?fica para especifica??es formais usando o LTS como entrada. O aplicativo inicialmente suporta as as linguagens B, CSP e Z. Usando o LTS em um formato XML especificado ? poss?vel animar outras linguagens formais. Adicionalmente a ferramenta disponibiliza visualiza??o de traces, escolhas feitas pelo usu?rio, em um formato de ?rvore gr?fica. A inten??o ? melhorar a compreens?o de uma especifica??o, fornecendo informa??es sobre erros e animando-a, como os desenvolvedores fazem com linguagens de programa??o como Java e C++.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HerculesLAS_DISSERT.pdf: 3304337 bytes, checksum: 041717a4cfd116130802eab3678923c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-31 / Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel / Dentre as atividades econ?micas potencialmente poluidoras que comprometem a qualidade das ?guas subterr?neas est?o os Postos Revendedores de Combust?veis. A cidade do Natal possui cerca de 120 postos de combust?veis, dos quais, apenas um possui licen?a ambiental de opera??o. Os postos em desconformidade foram notificados pelo Minist?rio P?blico do Rio Grande do Norte para realizarem as adequa??es ambientais, dentre as quais est? a investiga??o de passivo ambiental. As fases preliminar e confirmat?ria desta investiga??o consistiram na avalia??o de gases do solo com duas sondagens confirmat?rias para an?lises qu?micas de BTEX, HPA e TPH. Para obter-se uma boa avalia??o e interpreta??o dos resultados obtidos no campo, se fez necess?rio a representa??o tridimensional dos mesmos. Utilizou-se um software CAD para representar graficamente os equipamentos instalados em um posto revendedor de combust?vel em Natal/RN, assim como as plumas de contamina??o por compostos org?nicos vol?teis. A partir desta ferramenta foi poss?vel concluir que a contamina??o n?o est? localizada no atual Sistema de Armazenamento Subterr?neo de Combust?vel do empreendimento, mas reflete o hist?rico passado em que foram removidos tanques n?o estanques de gasolina e diesel

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEP_TESE.pdf: 4599191 bytes, checksum: d2333069155f93ee6ff447f7f4254297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / It has been remarkable among the Science Teaching debates the necessity that students do not learn only theories, laws and concepts, but also develop skills which allows them to act towards a critical citizenship. Therefore, some of the skills for the natural sciences learning must be taught consciously, intentionally and in a planned way, as component of a basic competence. Studies of the last twenty years have shown that students and teachers have plenty of difficulties about skills development and, among several, the skill of interpreting Cartesian graphics, essential for the comprehension of Natural Science. In that sense, the development of that type of professional knowledge during the initial education of future Chemistry teachers has become strategic, not only because they need to know how to use it, but also because they need to know how to teach it. This research has as its general objective the organization, development and study of a process of formation of the skill of interpreting Cartesian graphics as part of the teachers professional knowledge. It has been accomplished through a formative experience with six undergraduate students of the Teaching Degree Course of Chemistry of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte), in Brazil. In order to develop that skill, we have used as reference P. Ya. Galperin s Theory of the Stepwise Formation of Mental Actions and Concepts and its following qualitative indicators: action form, degree of generalization, degree of consciousness, degree of independence and degree of solidness. The research, in a qualitative approach, has prioritized as instruments of data collecting the registering of the activities of the undergraduate students, the observation, the questionnaire and the diagnosis tests. At the first moment, a teaching framework has been planned for the development of the skill of interpreting Cartesian graphics based on the presupposed conceptions and steps of Galperin s Theory. At the second moment, the referred framework has been applied and the process of the skill formation has been studied. The results have shown the possibility of develop the skill conscious about the invariant operation system, with a high degree of generalization and internalized the operational invariant in the mental plane. The students have attested the contributions at that type of formative experience. The research reveals the importance of going deeper about the teaching comprehension of the individualities tied to the process of internalization, according to Galperin s Theory, when the update of abilities as part of the teaching professional knowledge is the issue / ? not?ria nas discuss?es da ?rea de Did?tica das Ci?ncias a necessidade de que os estudantes n?o s? aprendam teorias, leis e conceitos, mas que tamb?m desenvolvam habilidades que lhes permitam o agir competente para a cidadania cr?tica. Nessa perspectiva, algumas das habilidades para a aprendizagem das ci?ncias naturais devem ser ensinadas de modo consciente, intencional e planejadas, como componente dessa compet?ncia b?sica. Estudos nos ?ltimos vinte anos t?m mostrado que estudantes e professores t?m diversas dificuldades no desenvolvimento de habilidades, dentre elas, a de interpretar gr?ficos cartesianos, essencial para a compreens?o das Ci?ncias Naturais. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento desse conhecimento profissional na forma??o inicial de futuros professores de Qu?mica passa a ser estrat?gico n?o apenas para saber utiliz?-lo, mas para saber ensin?-lo. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral a organiza??o, o desenvolvimento e o estudo de um processo de forma??o da habilidade de interpretar gr?ficos cartesianos como parte do conhecimento profissional docente, a partir de uma experi?ncia formativa com seis estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Qu?mica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Para o desenvolvimento dessa habilidade, utilizamos como referencial a Teoria da Forma??o por Etapas das A??es Mentais e dos Conceitos de P. Ya. Galperin e seus seguintes indicadores qualitativos: forma da a??o, grau de generaliza??o, grau de consci?ncia, grau de independ?ncia e grau de solidez. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, privilegiou como instrumentos de coleta de dados o registro de atividades dos licenciandos, a observa??o, o question?rio e testes diagn?sticos. No primeiro momento, foi planejado um Sistema Did?tico para o desenvolvimento da habilidade de interpretar gr?ficos cartesianos, com base nos pressupostos e etapas da Teoria de Galperin. No segundo momento, o referido Sistema foi aplicado junto aos licenciandos e o processo de forma??o da habilidade foi desenvolvido. Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade de formar a habilidade com consci?ncia do sistema de opera??es invariante, com alto grau de generaliza??o e internalizada a invariante operacional no plano mental. Os estudantes manifestaram as contribui??es positivas desse tipo de experi?ncia formativa. A pesquisa, por sua vez, revela a import?ncia de se aprofundar na compreens?o did?tica das individualidades no processo de assimila??o, segundo a Teoria de Galperin, quando se trata da atualiza??o de habilidades como parte do conhecimento profissional docente