One emotion experienced by working parents is guilt, yet this emotion is not often studied within the work-family domain. This presentation will serve to define work-family guilt drawing from empirical and qualitative research on the construct. This presentation will also delineate findings related to work-family guilt for mothers and fathers. Lastly, this presentation will highlight the scarce research into the relationship between work-family guilt and parenting outcomes. It has been suggested by scholars that work-family guilt may influence parenting behaviors which could cause negative consequences for children. This presentation will review two studies examining work-family guilt and parenting practices.

Many researches deal with a wide range of cause of anxiety disorders, which may include various untreated traumas, physiological causes, cognitive distortion or learned reactions. Anxiety disorders tend to create so-called the vicious circle of stress and anxiety that closes the patients, leads them to social isolation and gradual loss of life certainty. Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental illness. Major types are introduced in the thesis and they are connected with the concepts of self- compassion, shame-proneness and guilt-proneness, which have been studied abroad in recent years. The research part then brings the results of the role of self-compassion, shame- proneness and guilt-proneness in experiencing clinical anxiety, confirming the assumption that patients suffering from anxiety show a significantly lower level of self- compassion, a higher shame-proneness and internalized shame. Guilt-proneness does not show a relation with self-compassion. Details are discoussed. Key words: anxiety self-compassion shame internalized shame guilt

Bakgrund: Missfall är den vanligaste komplikationen under en graviditet, cirka 10-20% av alla påbörjade graviditeter avbryts spontant. Kvinnor som har genomgått missfall upplever en individuell förlust som kan uttrycka sig i olika känslor, vilket gör att de upplever ett behov av stöd. För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna ge god omvårdnad behövs det en förståelse för kvinnors upplevelser vid missfall. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa kvinnors upplevelser och erfarenheter vid missfall. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar med en kvalitativ ansats. Litteratursökningen gjordes i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. De utvalda artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet av denna litteraturstudie visar att upplevelsen av att genomgå ett missfall påverkar kvinnan psykiskt, fysiskt och emotionellt. Resultatet delades in i tre huvudteman, dessa huvudteman är: Upplevelser och erfarenheter efter en oväntad förlust, behov av stöd och brister i sjukvården. Konklusion: Bristande stöd och information från sjuksköterskor var något som kvinnorna upplevde. Genom de fem stegen i Swansons omvårdnadsteori kan sjuksköterskan få en förståelse för kvinnans upplevelse av missfall. Det behövs mer forskning gällande kvinnornas individuella behov för att uppnå god omvårdnad vid missfall. / Background: Miscarriage is the most common complication during a pregnancy, where 10-20% of all pregnancies ends with a spontaneous abortion. Women who have gone through a miscarriage experience an individual loss expressed in different emotions leading to a need of support. In order for the nurse to provide good care an understanding for the women's experience of miscarriage is required. Aim: The purpose of this literature review was to illustrate how women experience miscarriage.  Method: A study based upon 12 scientific articles following a qualitative design. The article search was made through the databases PubMed and Cinahl and the chosen articles were analysed and quality reviewed through the application of content analysis.  Result: The result indicates that a woman’s experience of miscarriage affects her psychologically, physically and emotionally. Further did the analysis of the articles result in three main themes. The main themes are: Experiences following an unexpected loss, the need of support and insufficient nursing.  Conclusion: Women did in general experience a lack of care, support and information from nurses. Through the application of Swanson’s theory of caring in five steps, nurses may gain a fuller understanding for how women experience miscarriage. Future research is desired to illustrate the individual needs of the women in order to achieve better nursing care in case of miscarriage.

One emotion experienced by working parents is guilt, yet this emotion is not often studied within the work-family domain. This presentation will serve to define work-family guilt drawing from empirical and qualitative research on the construct. This presentation will also delineate findings related to work-family guilt for mothers and fathers. Lastly, this presentation will highlight the scarce research into the relationship between work-family guilt and parenting outcomes. It has been suggested by scholars that work-family guilt may influence parenting behaviors which could cause negative consequences for children. This presentation will review two studies examining work-family guilt and parenting practices.

J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace was published during a defining moment in South African history in 1999. Five years earlier Nelson Mandela had been elected president after the first general election. The healing process in a country divided by race and a history marked by racial crimes, committed under long time by collective actions of many generations of colonizers, was a decisive historical necessity. Disgrace illustrates the economical and emotional mechanisms of sexual exploitation of women in post-apartheid South African society. Those socioeconomic mechanisms are fueled by postcolonial hate, making the reconciliation process difficult in the new democracy. The aim of this bachelor project is to show how Coetzee’s Disgrace contextualizes the collective humanitarian guilt and disgrace caused by sexual oppression of woman and illustrates the challenges that post-apartheid South Africa faces to reconcile with the racial crimes committed during apartheid when sexual crimes continue under the historical shadow of colonial power and postcolonial hatred.

4 Abstract Forgiveness and reconciliation as a manifestation of dialogic relationship Suffering and disease belongs to human life as well as death. They may have a specific culprit, but there are also crosses, which themselves can not be avoided. Taking the correct attitude in recognition of its own share of guilt, forgiveness of one another, but the adoption of forgiveness restores interpersonal dialogic space. It depends only on the personal decision of whether a person has for himself or for another love or hate. The proces sof healing relationships with oneself and the other person is not instantaneous, but takes place gradually. The correct concept of God from the biblical Revelation, who is dialogical himself, that Love itself, leads to a liberating faith and full life. By recognizing thein own guilt and desire to remedy the relationship of neighbour and God forgiveness and confidence in the celebration of the sacrament of recontiliation is open space for a new beginning. Eternal life is loneliness, while a man staggering out of isolation into a true unity with all our brothers. The encounter with Christ is meeting with his whole body. Keywords suffering, disease, death, guilt, forgiveness, reconciliation, dialogic, Christ

James Baldwin, a Black American writer, contends that the root cause of America’s racial problem is not necessarily prejudice or hatred but guilt. In his essay, “White Man’s Guilt,” Baldwin says that most of the arguments white people use today against the reality of America’s racial problem can be reduced to a plea: “Do not blame me. I was not there. I did not do it” (Price 411). In many of his essays, Baldwin explores white America’s long history of guilt, denial, and justification, and he explains that many white Christians—in an attempt to avoid blame and protect their power, their privilege, and their identity as good, innocent, moral people—have perpetrated immense trauma against Black people. Since the time of slavery, white Christians have created a variety of theological justifications for racial inequality, and these justifications generally shift blame to Black people and to God. “Now, this is not called morality,” proclaims Baldwin, “this is not called faith, this has nothing to do with Christ. It has to do with power, and part of the dilemma of the Christian Church is the fact that it opted…for power and betrayed its own first principles” (Price 438). Contemporary research in the field of race and religion has shown that racism—and the denial of it—is often worse in white Christian communities today. A close examination of how and why white Christians have participated in racism demonstrates that racism is more than a few isolated incidents of “bad” people engaging in individual acts of prejudice, hatred, or violence. In this thesis, I will put Baldwin’s observations and insights about white people and white Christians in conversation with other scholars of white Christian ideology to demonstrate that racism is a widespread moral sin rooted in guilt and the attempt to avoid blame, maintain power, and protect identity. I will argue that preaching love, forgiveness, and unity often misses the mark, and that Baldwin’s solution of repentance offers a more effective approach in helping white Christians to combat racism today.

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This thesis aims to investigate and present what the most recent research can disclose about moral emotions and their neural correlates. This literature review provides an overview of some frameworks and theories regarding moral emotions and their neural correlates, with a specific focus on positive and negative moral emotions such as compassion, pride, gratitude, guilt, shame, and embarrassment. The theoretical background of moral emotions within cognitive neuroscience has been introduced together with research of the emotional brain and morality to further clarify the main topic of this thesis, moral emotions and their neural correlates. Moral emotions are very crucial in understanding humans’ behavioural adherence to their moral standards. For example, shame is described as the way we relate and perceive ourselves. It is related to how we believe and think other people see us and our incompetence or failure to fulfil the desire to be a good person, e.g. “I think, feel and believe that I am a bad person for lying to someone”. These topics have been discoursed through this thesis showing significant results. There are many neural regions, e.g. medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) which get activated whilst experiencing distinct moral emotions. However, studies have shown that there is no one-to-one correspondence between a specific brain area and a specific emotion, instead, research has suggested there are particular topographical anatomical networks in the brain which get activated when experiencing different emotions. There are few studies in this field; their results should be taken with caution. The field continues to grow, and we can learn more about moral emotions and their neural correlates today and in the future.

Magister Legum - LLM / A person should at all times try to avoid the blemish of a previous conviction and a criminal record entered against his name. A criminal record entered against his name could have detrimental consequences for an individual. An accused is usually aware of this if he is involved in a trial and is thereafter convicted and sentenced. However, the same result could occur where a person paid an admission of guilt fine. Such a person could be aware that he has attained a record, but it could also be that a payee1 of a fine is very unaware that he has attained a criminal record that is entered against his name. This study focusses on the legal consequences of the payment of such an admission of guilt fine and will endeavour to investigate the remedies available to an uninformed payee of such fines.