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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

The perceived and experienced barriers and reported consequences of Hiv positive status disclosure by people living with Hiv to their partners and family members in Djibouti

Naaman N. Kajura January 2010 (has links)
<p>This was a descriptive qualitative study. Eight people living with HIV, four of which had disclosed their status, were individually interviewed. Two focus group discussions (each comprising 6 participants) were also conducted with health workers. The study was based at an urban TB hospital which is currently providing a range of HIV-related services including HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing, case management and treatment.</p>
102

The perceived and experienced barriers and reported consequences of Hiv positive status disclosure by people living with Hiv to their partners and family members in Djibouti

Naaman N. Kajura January 2010 (has links)
<p>This was a descriptive qualitative study. Eight people living with HIV, four of which had disclosed their status, were individually interviewed. Two focus group discussions (each comprising 6 participants) were also conducted with health workers. The study was based at an urban TB hospital which is currently providing a range of HIV-related services including HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing, case management and treatment.</p>
103

Integration of national community-based health worker programmes in health systems : Lessons learned from Zambia and other low and middle income countries

Mumba Zulu, Joseph January 2015 (has links)
Background: To address the huge human resources for health (HRH) crisis that Zambia and other low and middle income countries (LMICs) are experiencing, most LMICs have engaged the services of small scale community-based health worker (CBHW) programmes. However, several challenges affect the CBHWs’ ability to deliver services. Integration of national CBHW programmes into health systems is an emerging innovative strategy for addressing the challenges. Integration is important because it facilitates recognition of CBHWs in the national primary health care system. However, the integration process has not been optimal, and a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that shape the integration process is lacking. This study aimed at addressing this gap by analysing the integration process of national CBHW programmes in health systems in LMICs, with a special emphasis on Zambia. Methodology: This was a qualitative study that used case study and systematic review study designs. The case study focused on Zambia and analysed the integration processes of Community Health Assistants (CHAs) into the health system at district level (Papers I-III). Data collected using key informant interviews, participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were analysed using thematic analysis. The systematic review analysed, using thematic and pathways analysis, the integration process of national CBHWs into health systems in LMICs (Brazil, Ethiopia, India and Pakistan)-(Paper IV). The framework on the integration of health innovations into health systems guided the overall analysis. Results: Factors that facilitated the integration of CHAs into the health system in Zambia included the HRH crisis which triggered the willingness by the Ministry of Health to develop and support implementation of the integration strategy-the CHA strategy. In addition, the attributes of the CHA strategy, such as the perceived competence of CHAs compared to other CBHWs, enhanced the community’s confidence in the CHA services. Involvement of the community in selecting CHAs also increased the community’s sense of programme ownership. However, health system characteristics such as limited support by some support staff, supply shortages as well as limited integration of CHAs into the district governance system affected CHAs’ ability to deliver services. In other LMICs, as in Zambia, the HRH problems necessitated the development of integration strategies. In addition, the perceived relative advantage of national CBHWs with regard to delivering health services compared to the other CBHWs also facilitated the integration process. Furthermore, the involvement of community members and some politicians in programme processes enhanced the perceived legitimacy, credibility and relevance of programmes in other LMICs. Finally, the integration process within the existing health systems enhanced programme compatibility with health system elements such as financing. However, a rapid scale-up process, resistance from other health workers, ineffective incentive structures, and discrimination of CBHWs based on social, gender and economic status inhibited the integration process of national CBHWs into the health systems. Conclusion: Strengthening the integration process requires fully integrating the programme into the district health governance system; being aware of the factors that can influence the integration process such as incentives, supplies and communication systems; clear definition of tasks and work relationships; and adopting a stepwise approach to integration process.
104

Enabling the performance of nurses in rural Guatemala : the role of relationships / Att stödja sjuksköterskors arbetsprestation i landsbygdens Guatemala : Betydelsen av mänskliga relationer

Hernández, Alison January 2014 (has links)
Background: Enhancing the performance of front-line health workers serving vulnerable populations is crucial for redressing inequities. Traditional approaches have focused on introducing technical solutions, such as guidelines and incentives, to modify performance outcomes. Recognition of the complex social nature of health system function draws attention to the intangible software elements that shape performance, including the values, ideas, interests, and norms that guide human behavior and interactions. Insight into the operation of software elements can provide a base for people-focused solutions to support health workers and enable them to confront constraints in low resource settings. This study examines the social environment of the practice of front-line auxiliary nurses (AN) in rural Guatemala, in order to understand the role of health system software elements in enabling their performance and to gain insight into how organizational support can be strengthened through locally-relevant actions. Methods: A mixed methods approach provided a multi-level view of the AN practice environment, situated in the regional health system of the rural department of Alta Verapaz. Interviews with ANs and observations of practice were conducted to understand the values orienting them and how these shaped their relationships with patients and communities. A theory-driven case study of AN supervision was conducted in selected health posts to understand the values orienting supervisors in their role and examine how these shaped their relationships with ANs. The participatory method of concept mapping was used to examine the views of health workers, district and regional managers on actions to strengthen organizational support for the performance of ANs. Results: The values of nursing vocation and community connectedness were prominent in ANs’ interpretations of their work. In relationships, nursing principles oriented them to be attentive to understanding patient needs, and a shared ethnic identity and personal experience of local needs served as a base for engaging with local leaders in community work. The dominant orientation of supervisors in their role was managerial control, and it provided limited support. It contributed to standard-centered relationships with ANs focused on fulfillment of ministry criteria. Supervision oriented by a holistic understanding of ANs’ needs and the goal of improving patient care was more successful in enabling AN motivation. This relationship was characterized as people-centered, based in a shared interpretation of the value of work with patients and the responsive support provided to ANs’ problems. “Organizational climate of support across levels”, where working relationships are characterized by respectful treatment, attention to psycho-social well-being and responsiveness to needs, was identified by health-system actors as a top priority for improving performance. Conclusions: To enable performance, there needs to be a balance between attention to standards and attention to the human dimensions of health worker practice. The dominant approach to supervision did not recognize or build on AN values. Supervision and management should be oriented by a more holistic view of the ANs’ work and their needs, in order to promote a people-centered approach to working relationships. Locally relevant action to strengthen district and regional management’s support for AN performance should focus on operationalizing performance goals that go beyond standards to encompass care that responds to patient and community needs.
105

Utilização do Documento Norteador pelos Enfermeiros nas ações do Agente Comunitário de Saúde / The use of the guideline by nurses to supervise community's health agent actions

Souza, Ana Liria de [UNIFESP] 27 May 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-27 / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
106

Violência no trabalho em saúde; a invisibilidade do sofrimento nas organizações de saúde na Bahia

Silva, Iracema Viterbo January 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-11T17:08:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Iracema Viterbo. 2013.pdf: 2656402 bytes, checksum: 4257f32ac6598f50889510713f6fed69 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-11T17:09:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Iracema Viterbo. 2013.pdf: 2656402 bytes, checksum: 4257f32ac6598f50889510713f6fed69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-11T17:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Iracema Viterbo. 2013.pdf: 2656402 bytes, checksum: 4257f32ac6598f50889510713f6fed69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Esta tese foi produzida a partir de dados da pesquisa “Perfil da morbidade e fatores subjacentes às licenças médicas de servidores públicos da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia”, cujo projeto foi apoiado pela Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia – FAPESB (Edital 004/2009 de Pesquisas Prioritárias para o SUS – PPSUS). O estudo teve como principal objetivo identificar as morbidades mais prevalentes entre trabalhadores da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, afastados por licença médica e investigar fatores associados. Antecedendo este estudo, foi feita uma análise de dados secundários referentes aos afastamentos por licença médica dos servidores estaduais da saúde no período de 2007 a 2009, a fim de identificar as doenças mais prevalentes. A literatura consultada confirmava a elevada prevalência de algumas doenças entre os profissionais de saúde e sua relação com as condições de trabalho como as doenças osteomusculares e os transtornos mentais. Além disto, outras situações detectadas entre os trabalhadores como estresse, desgaste físico, emocional e psicológico, desistências, descrédito, sofrimento, sensação de impotência, além do número e frequência de pedidos de licença médica e afastamento do trabalho, ainda tem suas causas pouco esclarecidas. Para o desenvolvimento da presente tese foram utilizados dados primários produzidos por entrevistas a uma amostra de servidores da saúde, a fim de investigar a ocorrência da violência no local de trabalho como um dos problemas atuais que, ademais, podem influenciar a ocorrência de outros problemas de saúde dos trabalhadores. O fenômeno estudado em vários países como um fator a que estão expostos muitos profissionais, é apontado como causa de adoecimento físico e mental. Assim, foram investigadas algumas modalidades de violência, incluindo o assédio moral, cuja mensuração ainda se constitui um desafio, devido às dificuldades conceituais e semânticas do termo, especialmente no Brasil, onde outros tipos de abuso, equivocadamente, têm recebido essa denominação. Neste particular, contemplou-se a avaliação das características psicométricas de um instrumento para detecção desse tipo de violência no trabalho e, finalmente, uma investigação sobre fatores individuais e ocupacionais associados a este problema. Os resultados de caráter exploratório são apresentados em forma de três artigos, precedidos por uma introdução ao tema da violência, sua inserção nas ciências da saúde e a sua disseminação no espaço do trabalho. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para o desenvolvimento da produção de dados também são descritos, bem como as dificuldades enfrentadas e as estratégias utilizadas para superá-las. / Salvador
107

Modos de trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde : entre o discurso institucional e o cotidiano de vulnerabilidade

Schubert, Janete January 2009 (has links)
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar os modos de trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS), identificando as situações de vulnerabilidade no cotidiano destes trabalhadores que, a partir de 1991, passam a integrar o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada na observação participante do trabalho dos ACS, acompanhando-se as visitas domiciliares e demais rotinas de trabalho por um período de quatro meses em uma unidade de Saúde da Família no município de Porto Alegre. O contato com o complexo universo de trabalho em que circulam os ACS sensibilizou-nos para as diversas situações de sofrimento que atravessam suas práticas. A partir do conceito de vulnerabilidade, elaborou-se um plano de análise tomando três dimensões para problematizar o fazer dos ACS: uma dimensão políticoinstitucional, uma relativa às situações que perpassam o cotidiano deste trabalhador e outra relativa ao sofrimento a que este trabalhador encontra-se exposto. Essas dimensões não existem separadamente, uma vez que elas se inter-relacionam e se afetam mutuamente. Concluiu-se que diferentes racionalidades políticas, sociais e culturais interferem na prática dos ACS e que a desprecarização dos vínculos de trabalho, assim como um maior investimento na formação e na remuneração são necessárias sem, contudo, serem suficientes para amenizar o sofrimento deste trabalhador. / This dissertation analyzes the working methods and the situations of vulnerability witch appear on the daily activities of Community Health Workers (Agentes Comunitários de Saúde - ACS), who have since 1991 integrated the Brazilian Health Care System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). A qualitative research was conducted, following the observação participante methodology - accompanying house visits and the daily work routines of the ACSs for a period of four months in a Community Health facility in Porto Alegre city. By acknowledging the complex variety of situations ACSs get involved with during their work hours, we became aware of many suffering situations directly connected with their practices. Using Mann's concept of vulnerability (1993), this study elaborates a scheme designed to comprehend the three different dimensions of suffering that interfere with ACSs procedures: a political-institutional dimension, a second dimension that relates to everyday routines in those workers life's, and still a third one that embraces the sufferings inflicted directly on him/her. These dimensions cannot be set apart, for they are interrelated and affect each other. The conclusion is that political, social and cultural rationalities influence an ACS's work, and that large scale changes such as better job conditions, major investments in professional training and pay raises - but not solely - are necessary to lessen the workers' suffering.
108

"A saúde bate a sua porta" : estratégias de cuidado dos agentes comunitários de saúde na atenção básica

Piccinini, Carlos Augusto January 2012 (has links)
O presente escrito objetiva a analisar a singularidade da ação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde em sua circulação pelo território. Considerou-se que os encontros entre agentes e território extrapolam as prescrições e expectativas das políticas de saúde. Problematizou-se a produção de uma imagem idealizada dos agentes, no qual são vistos como a “mola propulsora” das transformações esperadas à Atenção Básica. Analisando a complexidade das demandas presentes em seu cotidiano de trabalho, destacou-se a multiplicidade de estratégias de cuidado produzidas pelos agentes comunitários. A singularidade de cada território, das equipes de saúde, da gestão, entre outras inúmeras variabilidades, pressionam os agentes e os demais trabalhadores das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família a encarar uma “realidade” bastante distinta do que se supõe. Destacou-se, portanto, a importância de se produzir uma posição crítica e reflexiva, colocando em questão os limites e possibilidades dessa prática. Logo, o objetivo é produzir uma cartografia do trabalho dos agentes, dando visibilidade ao modo como realizam seu trabalho em ato no território, a fim de potencializar as estratégias de cuidado ali existentes. Tomaram-se como analisadores a questão da resolutividade, a gestão das informações e a relação território-vínculo. / This writing aims to analyze the singularity of the action of the Community Health Agents (Agentes Comunitários de Saúde – ACS) in their movement through the territory. It was considered that the meetings between agents and territory go beyond the prescriptions and expectations of health policies. The production of an idealized image of the agents was problematized, image in which they are seen as the "propelling spring" of transformations expected to Basic Care. Analyzing the complexity of the demands in their daily work, it was emphasized the multiplicity of care strategies produced by community agents. The singularity of each territory, of health staff, of health management, among many other variabilities, push agents and other employees of the staffs of the Family Health Strategy to face a "reality" very different of that which is supposed. It was emphasized, therefore, the importance of producing a critical and reflective position, questioning the limits and possibilities of this practice. Therefore, the aim is to produce a cartography of the agents work, giving visibility to the way they do their work in act on the territory, in order to potentiate the care strategies existent there. The issue of resolvability, information management and relationship bond-territory were taken as analyzers.
109

Quem conta um ponto, inventa um conto : sobre a fabricação de agentes, de saúde e de comunidades / Who tells somethings, invents a story: about the fabrication of workers, health and communities

Kreutz, Juliano André January 2012 (has links)
Esta dissertação parte da interrogação sobre os usos de registros, números, cálculos e medidas na configuração e no ordenamento do trabalho de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde – ACS, ao integrarem mecanismos, instâncias e técnicas que projetam e regulam a formação profissional e a conformação de “comunidades”. Na esteira da Saúde Comunitária/Medicina Comunitária, o trabalho de ACS ultrapassa o enfoque biológico e se ocupa de outras dimensões da vida das populações, ao buscar antecipar-se à necessidade de ações curativas e ao procurar soluções que tomam como base a atenção a grupos locais. A partir das noções de biopolítica (Michel Foucault), de epidemiopoder (Luís Castiel) e de numeramentalização (Samuel Bello), problematizouse a ocupação de ACS e analisou-se a ação de políticas da identidade em processos de falar sobre, recomendar ou investigar o trabalho e a comunidade. Para a consecução dessas políticas, fabrica-se uma população-corporação profissional e afirma-se "um papel" a ser desempenhado, assim como, em uma área territorial definida (um polígono que estabelece limites geográfico-censitários), cria-se um denominador (base populacional), que fabrica uma população-comunidade local. Um sistema identitário faz emergir trabalhadores médico-multiplicadores. Os compromissos do ACS com a dimensão social ou coletiva são recortados pelos números da saúde, em uma perspectiva epidemiologicamente informada, relativa ao governamento sanitário da população. O estudo situou-se como Análise do Discurso, com inspiração em Michel Foucault. Quarenta e nove textos acadêmicos (artigos, dissertações e teses), com referência aos ACS, foram objeto de análise, escolhidos no período de 1987 a 2011, considerada a disponibilidade nas bases da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Normativas do trabalho (leis, portarias, guias, entre outros) foram lidas a partir de emergentes desse corpus acadêmico. Argumentando-se que “a escola é o trabalho”, a pesquisa verifica uma educação no trabalho não reduzida à escolarização formal. De um lado, a imbricação entre experiência do trabalho e ensino na conformação do olhar/sentir/querer no saber-fazer da saúde; de outro a impossibilidade (em regime escolar) de ensinar as sensações ou a escutar (a escuta ou sensibilidade são experimentação). As noções relativas à educação permanente em saúde coletiva, especialmente as leituras de Ricardo Ceccim, sustentam a potencial abertura às inventividades nos cotidianos de trabalho, uma disputa de políticas do trabalho, não de identidades. Discute-se, então, um retorno ao “dilema preventivista”, sob inspiração das análises de Sérgio Arouca. Talvez a ocupação de ACS se configure como “intervenção-tampão” em um projeto de mudança no setor da saúde que não se consuma. A origem “comunitária” dos trabalhadores não assegura a presença de novas práticas políticas no campo da saúde. A profissionalização engendra miradas para o social atreladas a regimes médicos/biopolíticos. Verifica-se a busca de resolução de problemas complexos pela ação profissionalizada com a centralidade da Epidemiologia e da Estatística como normatividades para o trabalho. Entretanto, destaca-se que, na rua e nas visitas domiciliares, atualiza-se também uma “tensão”, marcada pelo dualismo entre o mensurável-objetivável e o intangível, margem entre a multiplicação e as invenções, tensão entre a fabricação de identidade e a invenção de singularidades. / This dissertation begins by questioning the use of records, numbers, calculation and measurements in the configuration and organization of the work of Agentes Comunitários de Saúde – ACS (Community Health Workers), when they integrate mechanisms, instances and techniques that project and regulate professional formation and the configuration of “communities”. In the wake of Community Health/Community Medicine, the work of ACS goes beyond a merely biological focus, dealing with other aspects of population's lives, seeking to anticipate the need for curative actions and working towards solutions that are based on caring for local groups. Based on the notions of Biopolitics (Michel Focault), “epidemiopower” (Luís Castiel) and numeramentality (Samuel Bello), the job of ACS was problematized, while analyzing the action of identity policies in processes of speaking about, recommending or investigating work and the community. For these policies to materialize, a professional corporation-population is created with “a role” to be performed, while, within a defined territorial area (a polygon establishing geographical and census limits), a denominator is created (populational base), fostering a local population-community. An identity system leads to the emergence of medical-multiplier workers. The commitments of ACS within a social or collective scope are compiled based on health numbers, from an epidemiologically informed perspective, relative to healthy populational government. The study was based on Discourse Analysis, inspired by Michel Foucault. Forty-nine academic texts (articles, dissertations and theses), with references to ACS, were the focus of analysis, selected from between 1987 to 2011, considering availability from the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Virtual Health Library). Labor regulations (laws, directives, and guidelines, among others) were studied based on the emergence of this academic corpus. Considering the argument that “school is work”, research shows that education at work is not restricted to formal schooling. On the one hand, there is an interconnection between work experience and education in the configuration of seeing/feeling/desiring in terms of health expertise and implementation; while on the other hand, there is the impossibility (within a school system) of teaching these sensations or how to listen (listening or sensitivity are part of experimentation). The ideas relative to permanent education in collective health, especially the interpretation of Ricardo Ceccim, sustain a potential opening to inventiveness in daily work, a dispute of work policies and not identities. A return to the “preventative dilemma” is discussed, inspired by the analyses of Sérgio Arouca. Perhaps the work of ACS figures as a “tampon-intervention” in a project of change in the health sector that does not materialize. The “community-based” origin of the workers does not guarantee the presence of new political practices in the area of health. Professionalization engenders a look to the social area linked to medical/biopolitical regimes. There is a search to solve complex problems through professionalized action centered on epidemiology and statistics as regulations for work. However, in the streets and through home visits, happens an acute sense of “tension”, marked by dualism between the measurable-objectifiable and the intangible, the margin between multiplication and the inventions, tension between creation of identity and the invention of singularities.
110

Modos de trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde : entre o discurso institucional e o cotidiano de vulnerabilidade

Schubert, Janete January 2009 (has links)
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar os modos de trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS), identificando as situações de vulnerabilidade no cotidiano destes trabalhadores que, a partir de 1991, passam a integrar o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada na observação participante do trabalho dos ACS, acompanhando-se as visitas domiciliares e demais rotinas de trabalho por um período de quatro meses em uma unidade de Saúde da Família no município de Porto Alegre. O contato com o complexo universo de trabalho em que circulam os ACS sensibilizou-nos para as diversas situações de sofrimento que atravessam suas práticas. A partir do conceito de vulnerabilidade, elaborou-se um plano de análise tomando três dimensões para problematizar o fazer dos ACS: uma dimensão políticoinstitucional, uma relativa às situações que perpassam o cotidiano deste trabalhador e outra relativa ao sofrimento a que este trabalhador encontra-se exposto. Essas dimensões não existem separadamente, uma vez que elas se inter-relacionam e se afetam mutuamente. Concluiu-se que diferentes racionalidades políticas, sociais e culturais interferem na prática dos ACS e que a desprecarização dos vínculos de trabalho, assim como um maior investimento na formação e na remuneração são necessárias sem, contudo, serem suficientes para amenizar o sofrimento deste trabalhador. / This dissertation analyzes the working methods and the situations of vulnerability witch appear on the daily activities of Community Health Workers (Agentes Comunitários de Saúde - ACS), who have since 1991 integrated the Brazilian Health Care System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). A qualitative research was conducted, following the observação participante methodology - accompanying house visits and the daily work routines of the ACSs for a period of four months in a Community Health facility in Porto Alegre city. By acknowledging the complex variety of situations ACSs get involved with during their work hours, we became aware of many suffering situations directly connected with their practices. Using Mann's concept of vulnerability (1993), this study elaborates a scheme designed to comprehend the three different dimensions of suffering that interfere with ACSs procedures: a political-institutional dimension, a second dimension that relates to everyday routines in those workers life's, and still a third one that embraces the sufferings inflicted directly on him/her. These dimensions cannot be set apart, for they are interrelated and affect each other. The conclusion is that political, social and cultural rationalities influence an ACS's work, and that large scale changes such as better job conditions, major investments in professional training and pay raises - but not solely - are necessary to lessen the workers' suffering.

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