This thesis is an investigation of the emergence of democracy and its localized culture in Taiwan during the Lee Teng-hui era and its legacy, from 1988 to 2004. From a Leninist authoritarian system, Taiwan experienced a peaceful transition to representative democracy. The establishment of the first opposition party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), in 1986, and President Chiang Ching-kuo’s tolerance towards it, had signalled the commencement of Taiwan’s democratization. Various political opposition movements existed prior to 1986, especially between 1983 and 1986, indicating a gradual strengthening in the public’s political consciousness. The pivotal event to mark the democratization-localization movement in Taiwan was the emergence of a local Taiwanese, Lee Teng-hui, as President of the Republic of China and Chairman of the ruling party, the Chungkuo Kuomintang (KMT). This occurred when he succeeded Chiang Ching-kuo upon his death in 1988. Local politics henceforth emerged as a major force and KMT factional struggles had begun in earnest. During the democratic transformation that took place in Taiwan in the last quarter of the 20th century, the ruling power of the Waishengren political elite (that is, the Chinese who took over Taiwan in 1945) gradually transferred to local political leaders, and the suppressed issue of building an independent Taiwanese nation became politicized. Furthermore, the KMT itself was undergoing a far-reaching transformation, moving from liberalization, to democratization, to localization or Taiwanization. As a result, the issues of national recognition and the power redistribution of different national groups (from Chinese “Mainlanders” to local Taiwanese) had combined with democratization from the beginning. Democratization was assisted by institution-building through regular elections, an associated critical voice from opposition groups, a solid middle class, and the Taiwanization phenomenon itself. While the experience of colonial rule and an oppressive (rather than reformist) KMT may be said to be in the past, and hence less an impetus for action in the present, yet with the addition of a persistent military threat from People’s Republic of China seeking Taiwan’s “reunification” with the “motherland”, past, present and an anticipated future, combine contextually in the quest for Taiwan’s integrity – and hence the acquisition of an identity that is consciously Taiwanese rather than Chinese by default.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-62). Also available in print.

From the late nineteenth century, works inspired by Western art spread to China and Korea through Japan. Thus, Western art came to be accepted in China and Korea as a reinterpretation of Japan’s development of Western art, rather than a direct transmission from Western sources. This act of reinterpretation went on to have a lasting effect on the practice of Western-style painters in East Asia with their own acceptance modes. This thesis provides a study of self-portraits and nude paintings, two categories of painting without precedent in East Asia prior to the late nineteenth century, created by Kuroda Seiki, Li Shutong, Go Hui-dong, and Kim Gwan-ho in order to illustrate how East Asian countries established their own versions of modern art.

This study aims to investigate the acquisition of three Chinese modal auxiliary verbs: NENG, HUI, and KEYI by English-speaking learners who study Chinese as a foreign language and attempts to examine the following issues. 1) Are English-speaking learners able to distinguish the semantic difference between NENG, HUI and KEYI and realize their corresponding syntactic constraints? Does leaner’s acquisition of these three auxiliary verbs increase with the improvement of their Chinese proficiency level? Can these three auxiliary verbs be mastered completely by English-speaking leaners? 2) What is the acquisition order when they are learning NENG, HUI and KEYI? Furthermore, what is the acquisition order of the multiple semantic meanings within one single Chinese modal auxiliary verb? 3)What is the relationship between English-speaking learners’ comprehension and production, in regard to their performance on learning these three auxiliary verbs? 4) whatpedagogical implication does this study reveal? This research is composed of a comprehension test and production analysis. A questionnaire is designed to test English-speaking learners’ comprehension of NENG, HUI and KEYI, including fourteenmultiple choices questions. In addition, 275 essays from the participants are collected anonymously as production database to be analyzed. In total, 90 English-speaking learners who enrolled in Chinese courses at University of Massachusetts Amherst in Spring 2019 were participated, and they were divided into three experimental groups: beginning level, intermediate level, and advanced level. 60 native Chinese speakers were also invited into this research, served as a control group. The result in this research shows that 1) English-speaking leaners’ acquisition of NENG, HUI and KEYI do not always increase with the improvement of their Chinese proficiency level. Both HUI and KEYI present the same trend, which rises rapidly and significantly after experiencing a relatively flat stage, while the development of NENG is shown by U-shape learning curve. 2) For English-speaking learners, the acquisition order is(from the easiest to hardest): HUI > KEYI > NENG. 3) English-speaking learners’ production of NENG, HUI, and KEYI is not always parallel to their comprehension. Also, some implications for teaching NENG, HUI and KEYI are discussed in this thesis.

Ethnicity in China - Who are the Hui and Who are the Dungan? The thesis has three main objectives: (1) to develop a concept appropriate for the comparison of different ethnicities, (2) to use this concept to identify differences of ethnicity in China, and (3) to analyse these differences in the cases of the Huis and the Dungans. The second section postulates the concept of ethnicity as a secondary identity, and this becomes the main theoretical and methodological frame of the work. Six primary identities and dimensions, that together form the components of ethnicity, are discussed. Policy, which is interpreted as a context of ethnicity, and (ethno)culture, understood as an expression of ethnicity, are not seen as components. The concept enables the comparison of distinct perceptions (emic) and qualitative atributes (etic) of ethnicity from six main perspectives. The third chapter is focused on ethnicity and the ethnic policies of China. The central objective is to define a Chinese official category minzu, its position in the context of European concepts of ethnicity and nation, and its comparison with the concept of nation in the Soviet tradition, which represents minzu's template. Minzu is interpreted, unlike most other concepts, as an ethnic group rather than a nation, and is seen as a political...

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University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Department of Government and Public Administration

The writings of Yuk Hui, bringing together technical and philosophical insights, provides new theory for the digital, something desired by many in archival research. The aim of this study is to assess the use of Hui’s theories on digital objects and web ontologies as a unifying theory for archival studies, looking at the concept of digital records in particular. Two types of ontology are needed in order to understand digital objects according to Hui: (1) ontologies which relates to the technical language and hierarchies of knowledge representation, like metadata; (2) Ontology, which is the question of Being in the tradition of Heidegger’s phenomenology, the understanding of what it is to be in the world. Both of these ontologies are needed to account for the nature of the digital object. Further, digital objects are produced and constituted through their relations, which can be divided into discursive (technical and logical) and existential (the understanding of being in the world) relations. Digital objects must be approached both as technical formal entities, and as beings in the world. The first register is common, the second – more existential approach – is rarely applied. Using a metatheoretical and hermeneutic method, different conceptions of digital records are discussed, in order to find commonalities and possibilities in relation to Hui’s theory. The digital record as: a process of becoming, information as affordance, context, temporality and evidence are all related to and structured through the application of Hui’s perspective.   The thesis ends with the contribution of a possible redefinition of digital records: A digital record is constituted and concretised as material by discursive and existential relations, that taken together function as a persistent representation. Further, Hui’s digital object theory is suggested as a structuring and unifying theory. In relation to digital records Hui’s theory on digital objects can function as a metatheoretical measure, and a method of critical reading. / Yuk Hui för samman tekniska och filosofiska perspektiv och erbjuder ny teori för det digitala, något som ofta efterfrågas inom arkivvetenskapen. Syftet med denna studie är att applicera Huis teori om digitala objekt och webontologier som en förenande teori för arkivstudier, specifikt i förhållandet till konceptet digitala records. Två typer av ontologi behövs för att förstå digitala objekt enligt Hui: (1) ontologier som relaterar till tekniskt språk och hierarkiska kunskapsrepresentationer, så som metadata; (2) Ontologi som frågan om varat i fenomenologen Martin Heideggers bemärkelse; förståelsen av vad det är att vara i världen. Båda dessa ontologier behövs för att redogöra för det digitala objektets natur. Vidare produceras och konstitueras digitala objekt genom sina relationer, som kan delas upp i diskursiva (tekniska och logiska) och existentiella (förståelsen av att vara i världen) relationer. Digitala objekt måste förstås både som tekniska formella entiteter och som varelser i världen. Det första perspektivet är vanligt förekommande medan det andra – mer existentiella förhållningssättet – sällan tillämpas. Med hjälp av en metateoretisk och hermeneutisk metod diskuteras olika föreställningar om digitala records för att hitta likheter och möjligheter i relation till Huis teori. Digitala records som: en process av tillblivande, information som affordance, kontext, temporalitet och bevis är koncept som relateras och struktureras genom tillämpningen av Huis perspektiv.   Uppsatsen bidrar med en möjlig omdefinition av digitala records: Ett digitalt record konstitueras och konkretiseras som materiellt genom diskursiva och existentiella relationer vilka, tillsammans, fungerar som en ihållande representation. Vidare framhålls Huis teori för digitala objekt som en strukturerande och förenande teori. I relation till digitala records kan Huis teori om digitala objekt fungera som ett metatoretiskt mått och en metod för kritisk läsning.

湯泳詩. / "2005年5月". / 論文(神(道)學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(leaves 53-57). / "2005 nian 5 yue". / Abstract also in English. / Tang Yongshi. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 53-57). / Lun wen (Shen (dao) xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / 論文撮要 --- p.III / 謝辭 --- p.IV / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 香港基督教工業委員會歷任主任生平與思想 --- p.4 / Chapter 第一節 --- 簡美稼(1915-2003，1967-1969在任)的「勞資協調路線」 --- p.5 / 簡美稼的生平 --- p.5 / 簡美稼的工業宣教理念 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二節 --- 馮煒文(1940-，1%9-1980在任)的「站在工人一邊立場」 --- p.9 / 馮煒文的生平 --- p.9 / 馮煒文的工業宣教理念 --- p.11 / Chapter 第三節 --- 劉千石(1949- ，1980在任至今)的「走在社會最前線」 --- p.13 / 劉千石的生平 --- p.14 / 劉千石的工業宣教理念 --- p.16 / 附記(excursus)陸漢思(1936-，1968-1992在任)的「福音與勞工」 --- p.18 / 陸漢思的生平 --- p.19 / 陸漢思的工業宣教理念 --- p.20 / Chapter 第三章 --- 香港基督教工業委員會的歷史發展(1959-2004) --- p.23 / Chapter 第一節 --- 第一階段´ؤ´ؤ始創時期（1959-1969) --- p.23 / 學習及祈禱小組 --- p.24 / 以出版作爲與教會溝通的平台 --- p.25 / 勞工主日 --- p.25 / 聘請專職人員和草擬工作細則 --- p.25 / Chapter 第二節 --- 第二階段´ؤ´ؤ重整時期（1969-1980) --- p.27 / 回應勞工問題及硏究 --- p.27 / 爭取訂立勞工法例 --- p.28 / 與教會聯繫 --- p.28 / 多樣化的勞工教育 --- p.28 / 出版事工 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三節 --- 第三階段´ؤ´ؤ增長時期（1980-1990) --- p.29 / 建立教會情況 --- p.30 / 關注勞工問題 --- p.30 / 倡議行動 --- p.30 / 工潮及勞資糾紛 --- p.30 / 籌辦工會 --- p.31 / 工會教育 --- p.31 / 參與香港民主化進程 --- p.31 / 繼續勞工硏究與出版 --- p.32 / Chapter 第四節 --- 第四階段´ؤ´ؤ轉折時期（1990-2004) --- p.33 / 中國事工組工作槪況 --- p.34 / 香港與國際事務 --- p.34 / 推動香港消費者運動 --- p.35 / 調硏出版 --- p.35 / Chapter 第四章 --- 香港基督教工業委員會在香港教會的身分與角色 --- p.37 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「搞事份子」身份的建立 --- p.37 / Chapter 甲： --- 教會不願意接受工委會工作的原因 --- p.37 / Chapter 一 --- 對工會的恐懼 --- p.37 / Chapter 二 --- 手法強硬 --- p.37 / Chapter 三 --- 缺乏程序 --- p.38 / Chapter 乙: --- 教會拒絶工委會的事情 --- p.38 / Chapter 一 --- 中華基督教會的退出 --- p.38 / Chapter 二 --- 協進會要求獨立 --- p.39 / Chapter 丙： --- 工委會對教會的態度 --- p.40 / Chapter 一 --- 經濟支持 --- p.40 / Chapter 二 --- 互相觀望 --- p.40 / Chapter 丁： --- 工友對工委會與教會的意見 --- p.41 / Chapter 一 --- 工委會受限於教會 --- p.41 / Chapter 二 --- 中立的工會運動 --- p.41 / Chapter 三 --- 傳福音的方法 --- p.42 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「教會良心」身份的建立 --- p.43 / Chapter 甲： --- 教會支持工委會的事情 --- p.43 / Chapter 一 --- 馮煒文的神學反省 --- p.43 / Chapter 二 --- 國際教會的支持 --- p.43 / Chapter 乙： --- 工委會的基督教特質 --- p.44 / Chapter 一 --- 工作動力從福音而來 --- p.44 / Chapter 二 --- 一個屬乎上帝的組織 --- p.44 / Chapter 三 --- 實踐信仰 --- p.45 / Chapter 丙： --- 工委會的教會性質 --- p.46 / Chapter 一 --- 出於上帝的恩寵和肩負獨有的職務 --- p.46 / Chapter 二 --- 先知和僕人的樣式 --- p.47 / 附記(excursus)勞工教會的發展歷程 --- p.47 / Chapter 第五章 --- 總結 --- p.50 / 附件一始創時期「工業委員會」的工作 --- p.52 / 徵引書目 --- p.53