Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_isabela_arteiro.pdf: 2300141 bytes, checksum: 80eefd414437fa8e37056580f35895e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-01 / This study aimed to ask whether drug addiction is related to sensation primacy, a strong search that takes the subject out of the representation, thought and word, keeping the user up, energized and potencialized. We have investigated the drug addict's psychological dynamic based on Freudian Psychoanalysis and some of his commentators as Hanns and Garcia-Roza. It is a psychoanalytic research and, therefore starts from the clinics interrogations. After that, we carried out the fieldwork to submit the hypothesis elaborated on the research project. For realizing the data collect, we visited two institutions specialized on drug addiction treatment, where we interviewed 23 residents who accept to participate and contribute to the work. They were willed to speak and they could describe their censorial feelings when they had used drugs. We evidenced that on drug addiction there is a symbolization silence and the drug answers to the urge of excitability pure stimulation. We worked on a field of the "instinct" (Trieb), on the border of the psychic and the somatic. The unpredictability movements of the instinct make us to face several clinics repertories, which the classical theory referential seems not to support them. Therefore we dedicated a space to think about the techniques that the psychoanalysts have had to manage with this clinic. Facing the necessity to search new strategies which do not privilege the symptoms appointment, based on a previous subject format, our purpose is a clinic management not restricted to the word field, but the psychoanalyst should detect sensations and experiences. The study about the drug abuse clinic starts from the classic format of the psychoanalysis and receives important contributions of Olievenstein / O presente estudo tem por objetivo interrogar se o que está em questão na toxicomania é uma primazia da sensação, uma busca excessiva por experimentar um plano que arranca o sujeito do campo da representação, do pensamento e da palavra, mantendo-o em um nível energizado e potencializado. Investigamos o funcionamento psíquico do toxicômano a luz da Psicanálise Freudiana e de alguns de seus comentadores, como Hanns e Garcia-Roza. Trata-se de uma pesquisa psicanalítica e, nesse sentido, parte de questões emergentes da clínica em um primeiro momento. Seguidamente, nos dedicamos ao trabalho de campo, a fim de submeter à comprovação as hipóteses elaboradas no projeto de pesquisa. Para a realização da coleta de dados, foram visitadas duas instituições especializadas em atendimento para dependentes químicos, nas quais realizamos 23 entrevistas com residentes que se dispuseram, livremente, a contribuir com o estudo. Aos entrevistados foi disponibilizado um espaço de fala livre, onde puderam descrever o que vivenciaram no plano sensorial ao usar drogas. Evidenciamos que na toxicomania há um silenciamento das simbolizações, na qual a droga responde ao ímpeto do sujeito pela excitabilidade estimulação pura. Trabalhamos, então, no espaço próprio da pulsão, ou seja, no limite entre o psíquico e o somático. Além disso, consideramos que a imprevisibilidade dos movimentos pulsionais nos coloca diante de uma gama, cada vez maior, de repertórios clínicos segundo os quais nossos referenciais teóricos clássicos parecem não dar conta. Portanto, dedicamos um espaço para repensar os aparatos técnicos que os psicanalistas dispõem para manejar com a clínica em questão. Face à necessidade de buscar novas estratégias terapêuticas que não privilegie a nomeação dos sintomas, sustentadas em um formato subjetivo dado a priori, propomos um fazer clínico onde a escuta não se restrinja ao campo da palavra, mas que o psicanalista possa apreender sensações e experiências. O estudo empreendido sobre a clínica da toxicomania parte do modelo clássico da psicanálise e recebe significativas contribuições de Olievenstein

A tribo Hydropsini compreende três gêneros de serpentes. Dados alimentares são escassos, mas indicam que as espécies consomem principalmente peixes e secundariamente anfíbios anuros. Os Hydropsini são ovíparos ou vivíparos e o polimorfismo é sugerido para algumas espécies. Entretanto, outros aspectos reprodutivos são desconhecidos para a maioria dessas serpentes. Por outro lado, as relações filogenéticas entre os Hydropsini estão estabelecidas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a reprodução e alimentação de doze espécies dos três gêneros, mapear a evolução e analisar possíveis relações entre a evolução de caracteres morfológicos, reprodutivos e alimentares, utilizando a filogenia disponível. Dados foram obtidos de indivíduos preservados (N = 2.871) de espécies amazônicas (Hydrops spp., Pseudoeryx spp., Helicops hagmanni, H trivittatus, H angulatus, H polylepis), do sudoeste (H leopardinus) e sudeste do Brasil (H carinicaudus, H modestus, H infrataeniatus, H gomesi). Os Hydropsini são especialistas em peixes, porém algumas Helicops (exceto H hagmanni) podem consumir anfíbios e lagartos. Hydrops triangularis e P. plicatilis são especialistas em peixes alongados (Synbranchiformes), Peixes Gymnotiformes, Siluriformes e Perciformes foram dominantes nas dietas de Hy. martii, H polylepis e H hagmanni, respectivamente. Nenhum tipo de presa teve dominância importante nas dietas das demais espécies, porém Perciformes foram consumidos com maior freqüência pela maioria. Esses dados indicam que as espécies diferem quanto ao local de forrageio. Aparentemente, o ancestral da tribo possuía cabeça pequena e dieta composta por Synbranchiformes. A dieta se toma mais ampla e o tamanho da cabeça parece ter aumento no ancestral de Helicops. As presas consumidas por muitas Helicops possuem corpos relativamente mais altos e são mais robustas o que pode explicar alterações no crânio de determinadas espécies. Fêmeas atingem a maturidade com tamanho, relativo ao tamanho médio dos adultos, similar em comparação aos machos. Fêmeas são maiores, possuem maior cabeça, circunferência e cauda mais curta que machos. O menor tamanho dos machos indica que o ritual de combate não deve ocorrer na tribo. Os Hydropsini são ovíparos ou vivíparos e o polimorfismo foi confirmado para H angulatus. A reprodução da maioria das espécies deve ser bienal, já que menos de 50% das fêmeas estavam reprodutivas. Os ciclos das fêmeas são sazonais, exceto para H angulatus. A reprodução das espécies amazônicas ocorre ao longo da estação seca e parte da chuvosa. Ciclos reprodutivos restritos às chuvas ocorrem para as espécies do sudeste e sudoeste. Diferenças nos ciclos das fêmeas podem estar associadas à variação no clima dessas regiões. A espermatogênese pode ser contínua ou sazonal. Os duetos deferentes de muitas espécies estão maiores na seca, sugerindo a ocorrência de cópula nesta estação. A fecundidade e o tamanho dos filhotes, relativos ao tamanho das fêmeas, não diferiu entre serpentes ovíparas e vivíparas. A oviparidade é característica plesiomórfica e a viviparidade pode ter surgido três vezes entre as Helicops. A fecundidade parece aumentar no ancestral do clado (Pseudoeryx, Helicops), o qual é composto por serpentes mais robustas em comparação a Hydrops e a muitos Xenodontinae. Porém, o tamanho dos filhotes tende a diminuir nessas serpentes. / The tribe Hydropsini comprises three genera of snakes. Information on food habits is scarce. However previous data indicate that species feed mainly upon fishes but also eat anurans. The Hydropsini are oviparous or viviparous and the polymorphism is suggested for some species. Other reproductive traits are unknown for most species. On the other hand, the phylogenetic relationships of Hydropsini are established. This study aimed to characterize the reproduction and the feeding habits of twelve species of three genera, hypothesise the evolution of morphological, reproductive and diet characters, as well as probable relationships among these traits. Data were obtained from preserved individuals (N = 2.871) of species from northern (Hydrops sp., Pseudoeryx sp., Helicops hagmanni, H. trivittatus, H. angulatus, H. polylepis), southwestern (H. leopardinus) and southeastern Brazil (H. carinicaudus, H. modestus, H. infrataeniatus, H. gomesi). The Hydropsini feed on fishes, but most Helicops eat also frogs and eventually lizards. Hydrops triangularis and P. plicatilis are specialized on Synbranchiformes fishes. Siluriformes, Perciformes and Gymnotiformes were the dominant item in of H. polylepis, H. hagmanni and Hy. martii, respectively. Other species eat several fishes, but Perciformes were consumed more frequently by most. These data here obtained suggest that the species differ in foraging microhabitat. The ancestor of the tribe probably had small head and diet composed predominantly by Synbranchiformes. The diet became widespread and the size of the head increase in the ancestor of Helicops. The preys consumed by most Helicops are stouter and have higher bodies, which may explain changes in the skull of some species. Females and males attain sexual maturity at similar body size, but adult females are larger. Moreover females have larger head and body circumference, and shorter tail than males. The smaller size of males indicates that the combat behavior should not occur in the tribe. The Hydropsini are oviparous or viviparous and the polymorphism was confirmed to H. angulatus. The reproduction of most species may be biennial, since less than 50% of females were reproductive. The cycles of females are seasonal. At the least H. angulatus, has continuous cycle. The reproduction of the Amazonian species occurs throughout the dry season and part of the rainy season. Cycles restricted mainly to the rainy season occur for species in southeastern and southwestern. Differences in the females cycles may be related to distinct climate in the occurrence areas of the species. The spermatogenesis are continuous or seasonal (restricted to the dry or rainy season). The diameter of deferent ducts of most species are larger in the dry season, suggesting that mating is restricted to this season. The fecundity and size of newborns, relative to the body size of female, was similar among species and did not differ between oviparous and viviparous snakes. The oviparity is plesiomorphic and the viviparity may have arisen at the least three times among Helicops. The fecundity increases in the ancestor of the clade (Pseudoeryx, Helicops), which is stouter than Hydrops and many Xenodontinae. However, the size of newborns tends to decrease in these snakes.

Les hydrates de gaz sont des composés cristallins stables à haute pression et à basse température, très répandus sur terre, notamment dans les fonds marins au niveau des marges continentales, où ils contribuent à la stabilité des sédiments par leur cohésion et leur adhésion aux surfaces minérales. Cependant, le comportement mécanique des hydrates en soi a été peu ou pas étudié à l’échelle du pore. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les conditions de stabilité et les propriétés mécaniques en traction de l’hydrate de méthane à l’échelle du pore, dans une configuration comparable à celle qu’on peut trouver dans les milieux poreux sédimentaires.Ici, nous étudions d’abord par microscopie optique les conditions de formation, de croissance et de dissociation de l’hydrate de méthane à l’interface eau/CH4 dans un micro-capillaire en verre utilisé à la fois comme un pore modèle et comme une cellule optique résistante à haute pression et à basse température. Ensuite, en développant une méthode originale in situ et sans contact : "dépression thermo-induite" on détermine les propriétés mécaniques en traction d’une coquille polycristalline d’hydrate de méthane. L’hydrate est nucléé à basse température sur l’interface eau/CH4, qui est rapidement recouverte d’une "croûte" polycristalline d’hydrate. À partir de cette croûte, l’hydrate pousse de part et d’autre de l’interface : dans l’eau sous forme "d’aiguilles" cristallines, dans le gaz, sous forme de "filaments" cristallins, et enfin entre le substrat et le gaz sous forme d’un "halo". Le halo qui est un film polycristallin avançant sur le substrat, en chevauchant un film d’eau, ralentit et finit par s’immobiliser et s’accrocher au substrat. À partir de ce moment, "la coquille" polycristalline, constituée de la croûte et du halo, forme une barrière entre l’eau et le gaz. Les tests de traction sont effectués par génération d’une dépression dans le compartiment eau en augmentant la température à pression de méthane constante.Les propriétés élastiques en traction de la coquille (module élastique et contrainte de rupture) sont déterminées en fonction de la taille des grains, contrôlée ici par les deux paramètres : le sous-refroidissement par rapport à la température d’équilibre, et le temps de mûrissement. On trouve un comportement élastoplastique à caractères ductile et fragile mélangés. Nos données de contrainte de rupture s’insèrent dans un écart de cinq ordres de grandeurs de taille de grain, et de trois ordres de grandeurs de la contrainte de rupture (entre des données de simulation à l’échelle nanomètrique et des données expérimentales à l’échelle millimétrique). L’effet de taille de grain sur la contrainte de rupture de l’hydrate de méthane peut être un facteur contribuant à la déstabilisation des pentes continentales. / Gas hydrates are ice-like crystals stable at high pressure and low temperature. They are ubiquitous on earth, notably at the edges of continental shelves, where they contribute to the mechanical stability of marine sediments, by hydrate cohesion and hydrate adhesion to mineral particles. However, the mechanical behavior of gas hydrates at pore scale has been hardly or not at all studied. The purpose of this thesis is to study the stability conditions and the tensile mechanical properties of methane hydrate at pore scale in a representative pore habit of gas hydrate in a sedimentary medium.Here, using optical microscopy, first the formation, growth and dissociation conditions of methane hydrate are investigated across a water/CH4 interface in glass micro-capillaries used both as a pore model and as an optical cell resisting high pressure and low temperature. Then by developing a contactless and an in situ method, "thermally induced depressing", tensile mechanical properties of polycrystalline methane hydrate shell are determined. At low enough temperature, the hydrate nucleates as a polycrystalline "crust" over the water/CH4 interface. From this crust, the hydrate continues growing on both sides of the interface: in the water as "needle like crystals", in the gas as "hair like crystals", and finally between the gas and the substrate as a polycrystalline film, the "halo". The halo advances slowly on the substrate, riding over a water film, and comes to rest and adheres to the substrate. From then on, the "shell" (crust and halo) isolates the water from the gas. Tensile tests are carried out by generating a depression in the water compartment by increasing temperature at constant methane pressure.Tensile elastic properties of the shell (elastic modulus and the tensile strength) are determined as a function of the grain size, controlled here by two parameters, supercooling compared to the equilibrium temperature and the annealing time. We find elastoplastic behavior, with mixed ductile and brittle characteristics. Our data on tensile strength contribute to fit the gap of five orders of magnitude of grain size, and three orders of magnitude of tensile strength (between molecular simulations at nanometre scale and current experiment at millimetre to centimetre scale). The effect of grain size on the tensile strength of methane hydrate could be a factor contributing to the destabilization of continental slopes.

Pandemin covid 19 har påverkat människors liv på många sätt. På grund av restriktionerna pandemin medfört har många tvingats till en beteendeförändring av olika slag. Den beteendeförändring som denna undersökning har till syfte att undersöka är upplevelser av förändrade alkoholvanor samt dess orsaker under pandemin. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats med 10 semistrukturerade intervjuer, som analyserats med en innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat visade att samtliga intervjupersoner upplevde en förändring av någon form i beteendet gällande deras alkoholvanor i samband med pandemin. Studiens slutsatser är att pandemins restriktioner var den främsta anledningen till att intervjupersonerna upplevde en beteendeförändring av sina alkoholvanor. Inköpsvanorna har förändrats då de inte längre inhandlat alkohol från Tyskland. Studien visade på en oförändrad eller minskad alkoholkonsumtion under pandemin, beträffande såväl tillfällen som alkohol förtärs som den faktiska volymen alkohol de totalt förtär. Upplevelser om tider på dygnet då alkohol intogs var oförändrat med en avvikelse. / Pandemic covid 19 has affected people's lives in many ways. Due to the restrictions caused by the pandemic, many have been forced to make a behavioral change of various kinds. The behavioral change that this study aims to investigate is experiences of changed alcohol habits and its causes during the pandemic. The study is based on a qualitative approach with 10 semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed with a content analysis. The results of the study showed that all interviewees experienced a change in some form of behavior regarding their alcohol habits in connection with the pandemic. The study's conclusions are that the pandemic's restrictions were the main reason why the interviewees experienced a behavioral change in their alcohol habits. Shopping habits have changed as they no longer buy alcohol from Germany. The study showed an unchanged or reduced alcohol consumption during the pandemic, regarding both occasions when alcohol is consumed and the actual volume of alcohol they consume in total. Experiences about times of the day when alcohol was consumed were unchanged with a deviation.

The Permian Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation was examined at four localities in this investigation. Fossils were collected at each locality. The four collecting localities visited in this investigation are: Brazier Canyon, Utah, Montpelier Canyon, Idaho, Coal Canyon, Wyoming, and Cokeville, Wyoming. The environment of deposition of the Meade Peak Member in the study area is inferred to have been an outer shelf or basin characterized by moderately deep and quiet water. This has aided reconstruction of life habits, population dynamics, and growth characteristics of the examined species. The articulate brachiopod Leiorhynchoidea weeksi is inferred to have attached itself to the substrate by means of a pedicle. The observed variability in the sulcus of this species is assumed to have been influenced by intraspecific competition, which may reflect partitioning of nutrient resources at different levels in the water above the substrate. The articulate brachiopod Lissochonetes ostiolatus probably assumed an unattached existence, lying free on the substrate. Several population samples exhibited stunted growth relative to the L. ostiolatus population sample from Montpelier Canyon. Two environmental variants possibly contributed to the inhibition of growth. These are negative Eh, inferred from the associated organic matter in the lithologies, and competition for space. Lingula carbonaria an inarticulate brachiopod, is thought to have had an infaunal mode of life. A population sample of L. carbonaria from Cokeville exhibits substantially larger morphologic mean sizes than two other population samples. These differences can be explained by the fact the sandy lithology from which the larger collection was taken was associated with conditions which facilitated growth. Also, availability of phosphate, inferred from the P2O5 content of the lithology, probably accelerated growth because inarticulates utilize calcium phosphate as shell material. Orbiculoidea missouriensis is an inarticulate brachiopod. It is inferred to have been attached to the substrate by a pedicle. OF the three population samples of O. missouriensis analyzed, the sample from Brazier Canyon displays larger morphologic mean sizes. This is interpreted as indicating that reducing conditions, inferred from associated organic matter, were milder in that environment. The gastropod bablyonites ferrieri displaysa a low, expanded from, and is thought to have crawled over the surface of the sediment. The food source of this gastropod is not known, but may have been algae, carrion, detritus, or soft-bodied invertebrates. Two bivalves collected are assumed to have been shallow burrowing, labial palp feeders. Both Nuculopsis montpelierensis and polidevcia obesa represent this mode of life. Of the two population samples of P. obesa examined, the one from Cokeville displays larger morphologic means. The environmental stimuli proposed for this difference is competition and an inferred softer substrate in the montpelier assemblage. The bivalve Edmondia phosphatica is inferred to have been a shallow burrowing, siphonate species. Streblochondria montpelierensis and Aviculopecten phosphaticus are bivalves related to modern pectenoids. S. montpelierensis is assumed to have been a byssally attached epifaunal bivalve. The environmental factors influencing the morphologic variation are also inferred to have affected size-frequency distributions and survivorship curves. The effects of reducing conditions have resulted in higher juvenille mortality and/or inhibited growth. Coarser substrates have yielded population samples that exhibit negatively skewed distributions, whereas finer-grained substrates have yielded positively skewed distributions. Growth curves constructed for each population sample generally show a decline in growth rate with age. Some linear trends are noted. Growth lines were used to infer an approximate life span for each species. Conservative approximations of the life spans of the examined species are: L. weeksi, 9 years; L. ostiolatus, 5 years; L. carbonaria, 8 years; A. phosphaticus, 4 years; O. missouriensis, 2.3 years; P. obesa, 5 years; and B. ferrieri, 3.4 years.

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<p>Examen i vårdadministration, YH-utbildning: 20 Yh-poäng  </p>

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<p dir="ltr">Behavior-change theories reliably explain behavior, but they often lack messaging recommendations to modify behavior. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) could benefit from clear, replicable messaging strategies to target its constructs of attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) about a behavior (Ajzen, 1991). Habit Theory is commonly used for behavior-change interventions because it offers both behavior-change explanations and messaging (Orbell & Verplanken, 2020). Its habit strength measure has been used repeatedly to add explanatory power to the TPB model, and this study tests whether its messaging strategies can effectively pair with the TPB to affect PBC and instigate behavior change (Bamberg et al., 2003; Bayer & Campbell, 2012).</p><p dir="ltr">To test these strategies in the context of problematic smartphone use among college students, focus groups were conducted to select a target habit and to refine the messaging strategy and channel for a habit-focused intervention. These findings were used to create and conduct an intervention with a sorority at Purdue University, and a pre-test, post-test, delayed post-test survey design was used to analyze the effectiveness of the intervention. The intervention had positive effects on participants’ attitudes and intentions toward implementing the habit and to reduce smartphone use, improved their habit strength, and increased the number of times they put their smartphones out of sight while studying or doing homework. Additionally, the sticker cues given away during the intervention increased the effects of the intervention for those who affixed them to at least one of their devices. However, the intervention did not affect PBC or time spent on a smartphone. These findings emphasize the importance of continued research into how messaging strategies affect behavior and the constructs within the TPB.</p>