Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

This thesis deals with the relationship between the place of origin and the extend of cold hardiness of fire bug Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758). Thirteen populations from twelve European localities were used in the experiment. Linear regressions were used to relate the values of SCP (10th percentile, first quartile, mean and median) of the individual populations to minimum and average winter temperatures of given localities. The relationship between air temperatures and SCP values were significant provided that the data of all populations were used. After the removal of three southern non-diapausing populations this relationship lost its significance.

The purpose of the current studies was to determine whether "matches", or fit, between actual task control and participants' desire for control over their environment lead to better stress and task performance outcomes than "mismatches", or misfit, in high work demand environments only. These studies also investigated the mediating effects of cognitive stressor appraisals and stress, as well as the moderating influence of hardiness on threat appraisals. Data were collected on 366 undergraduate students, who were asked to complete individual difference measures and engage in timed performance tasks. Results indicated no significant interactions between actual task control and desire for control for the outcomes of cognitive stressor appraisals, experienced stress, or task performance. No mediating influence was found for cognitive appraisals or stress, nor was there a buffering effect of hardiness on the cognitive appraisal process. Despite the non-significant results, the effects on task performance trended in the predicted direction in both studies, such that the highest task performance was found in cases of match between actual task control and desire for control, whereas the lowest task performance was found in cases of mismatch. These findings yield some support for Person-Environment Fit theory, demonstrating that actual task control and desire for control should be considered together when predicting task performance in workplace contexts.

Previous research has explored and explained the effect hardiness has on stress, but there is limited research on the use of physical activity in combination or in conjunction with hardiness. The present study aimed to examine if high school student's perceived stress level is affected by their level of hardiness and/or physical activity. The sample consisted of 370 high school students who were instructed to fill out a survey based on three instruments; Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-14 and Dispositional Resilience Scale, DRS-II as well as a separate self composed instrument on physical activity. A multiple regression analysis was calculated, indicating that hardiness predict stress and that there are gender differences. However, physical activity had no effect. / Tidigare forskning har undersökt och förklarat effekten som hardiness har på stress, men det finns begränsad forskning om användningen av fysisk aktivitet tillsammans eller i kombination med hardiness. Den nuvarande studien syftade till att undersöka om gymnasieungdomars upplevda stressnivå påverkas utav deras nivå av hardiness och/eller fysisk aktivitet. I undersökningen ingick 370 gymnasieelever som fick fylla i en enkät baserad på tre instrument; Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-14 och Dispositional Resilience Scale, DRS-II samt ett eget komponerat instrument om fysisk aktivitet. En multipel regressionsanalys genomfördes, resultatet tyder på att hardiness förutsäger stress och att könsskillnader existerar. Däremot fann undersökningen inget belägg för inverkan av fysisk aktivitet.

Abstract Plant registration and selection work aimed at identifying the best genotypes for northern landscaping has been carried out in Finland since the 1980’s. In the University of Oulu Botanical Gardens, micropropagation methods have been developed for several woody plant taxa registered during the POHKAS (Northern Hardy Plants) project. Micropropagation is an effective method to conserve valuable genetic characteristics and to produce plantlets from woody species with limited mother stock material and in a limited time period. In this study the long-term field phenology and success of 19 micropropagated shrub and tree taxa was followed in plant selection experiments. Experiments were conducted at four northern field sites presenting different climatic conditions. Of the phenological monitoring parameters, the onset of foliation and flowering in the field revealed a strong relation to spring time temperature, being obviously latest to occur in northernmost site. The gradient between southern and northern sites for autumn phenology was not so obvious. However, between the different genotypes, the greatest differences were observed in the timing of autumn colouration and defoliation. Winter hardiness also showed clear differences between genotypes. Of the success parameters, it was most decisive as winter hardy genotypes had a higher occurrence of flowers and ornamental appearance, for example in Rosa majalis ‘Tornedal’. Some of these hardy genotypes with known characteristics were introduced to northern tourism areas to create examples of sustainable landscaping. Further, a list of potential plants for different northern sites was compiled. Special forms with both scientific and ornamental value are occasionally found in wild species. One example of this is the red-leaved form of a pubescent birch, Betula pubescens f. rubra, which was studied in the plant selection experiments, and was used as a model tree to evaluate the role of anthocyanins in northern plants in a case study of northern birches. In the case study, the red-leaved pubescent birch showed some differences in flavonoid responses and growth rate in comparison to Betula pubescens and Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii. Phenology of the B. p. f. rubra was corresponding to that of the B. pubescens. For cultivated woody plants the most important selection criteria for the northern areas are the suitability to local climate i.e. timing of phenological events and winter hardiness. Foliar anthocyanins seem to increase adaptation to northern growing conditions with high light intensity and low temperature.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / South Africans are exposed to many traumatic events and exposure to such events is associated with negative emotional and behavioural outcomes. However, there are those who are still able to remain psychologically well amidst their difficulties. Resilience is the motivation to be strong in the face of unwarranted demands and this study proposes that it could serve as a buffer against the harmful effects of traumatic events. It is assumed that traumatic events present with demanding circumstances and further that resilience plays a role in the relationship between trauma, the challenges these events present and one’s ability to function in these circumstances. Furthermore, ‘race’ may have a particular influence on this relationship as the level and severity of trauma among different ‘racial’ groups may vary. The link between resilience and trauma has been investigated, but little focus has been given to how ‘race’ may influence this relationship among students in the South African context. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the interaction between these three variables and add to existing knowledge related to resilience. Constructs related to resilience include sense of coherence, potency, hardiness, learned resourcefulness and fortitude. The two ‘racial’ groups included in the sample include ‘African’ and ‘Coloured’ students (categories created by the past apartheid government). Resilience was measured by the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), trauma was measured by the Harvard Trauma Scale (HTS) and violence exposure was measured by the Childhood Exposure to Community Violence Scale (CECV). Participants included 249 students at the University of the Western Cape. Results indicate that ‘Coloured’ students report similar levels of violence exposure and trauma symptoms as ‘African’ students do. ‘Coloured’ students report higher scores on overall resilience and resilience sub-scales (except the structured style sub-scale) than ‘African’ students as measured on the RSA. With regard to the trauma versus no trauma groups, the results indicate that ‘African’ students who form part of the no trauma group score higher on resilience than those who form part of the trauma group and within the trauma group ‘Coloured’ students score higher on resilience than ‘African’ students. In analyses amongst the high and the low trauma groups, the results indicate that those who form part of the low trauma group score higher on resilience than those who are among the high trauma group; ‘African’ students who form part of the low trauma group score higher on resilience than those who form part of the high trauma group; and ‘Coloured’ students who form part of the low trauma group score higher on resilience than those who form part of the high trauma group. The results yielded in the current study are both similar to and differ from findings presented in previous studies and highlight the complexity of the construct of resilience. Limitations of the study are outlined and recommendations for future research are also provided.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_AGRONOMIA_Patricia_mar07.pdf: 415086 bytes, checksum: 23caece93ee74a1a7aa14cb3054e3b82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-30 / Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an important medicinal and decorative plant also used in the kitchens and in the manufacturing of cosmetic and phytotherapic products. Plants are susceptible to biotical and non biotical aggression and independently of not showing agile movements as defence; they could present deep modifications in the cell metabolism as defence protein synthesis activated by single molecules or complex mechanisms. The exogenous application or the synthesis stimulus of organic acids as salicylic, may act as an inductor of tolerance protein to different biotical or non biotical stress increasing the detoxification enzyme activity, specially those ones involved in the degradation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this work was the study of salicylic acid (SA) over the germination and vigour of marigold seeds (Calendula officinalis L.) in ideal or stressing conditions. Seeds were put to germinate in paper wetted with SA (zero, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2mM). Germination (G%), first germination counting(PC) and germination velocity index (IVG) were measured. Just germination was significant, and the best doses were 0.025 and 0.05 mM of SA. Three other experiments were done one with acid water, adjusted to the pH of the related SA solutions (6.0; 4.8, 4.2 3.6 and 3.2), one with different water potentials, induced by mannitol (0; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9 and -1.2 MPa) and one with different temperatures(20, 25, 30 e 35ºC). pH had no effect over germination and IVG of Marigold seeds, so the effect observed earlier was due to SA. The treatment with 0.025mM of SA increased the G% and IVG of marigold seeds exposed to water deficit. Temperature with or without SA treatment were superior at 20ºC than the recommended temperature of 25ºC. / A calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) é uma importante planta medicinal e ornamental, e também é usada na culinária, na fabricação de cosméticos e de fitofármacos. As plantas sofrem agressões por agentes bióticos e abióticos e apesar de não apresentarem defesas através de movimentos ágeis, podem ocorrer adaptações e profundas alterações no metabolismo da célula vegetal, entre elas a síntese de proteínas de defesas ativada através de mecanismos complexos. A aplicação exógena ou o estímulo à síntese endógena de ácidos orgânicos como o ácido salicílico pode agir como indutor de proteínas de tolerância aos diferentes estresses, bem como para elevar a atividade de enzimas de desintoxicação celular, especialmente às envolvidas na degradação de radicais ativos oxigenados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de se estudar o efeito do ácido salicílico (AS) sobre a germinação e o vigor de sementes de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) em condições ideais e sob estresse térmico e hídrico. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em papel embebido em soluções com concentrações crescentes de ácido salicílico (zero, 0,0125, 0,025, 0,05, 0,1 e 0,2mM); medindo-se as variáveis: porcentagem de germinação (G%); índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e germinação à primeira contagem (PC). Ficou constatado através do teste de Tukey que apenas a (%G) foi significativa, sendo que as melhores dosagens detectadas para o percentual de sementes germinadas ficou entre 0,025 e 0,05 mM de ácido salicílico. Três outros experimentos foram feitos, um com água acidulada aos pH respectivos às concentrações de ácido salicílico (6,0; 4,8; 4,2; 3,6 e 3,2), um com diferentes potenciais hídricos induzidos por manitol (0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 e -1,2 MPa), e outro com temperaturas (20, 25, 30 e 35ºC). Não houve efeito dos tratamentos ácidos sobre a germinação e o IVG de calêndula. A concentração de 0,025mM de AS apresentou-se como superior tanto para %G como para IVG de sementes de Calêndula sob efeito de estresse hídrico. O uso, ou não, de AS não foi eficiente para aliviar o estresse térmico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_AGRONOMIA_Patricia_mar07.pdf: 415086 bytes, checksum: 23caece93ee74a1a7aa14cb3054e3b82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-30 / Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an important medicinal and decorative plant also used in the kitchens and in the manufacturing of cosmetic and phytotherapic products. Plants are susceptible to biotical and non biotical aggression and independently of not showing agile movements as defence; they could present deep modifications in the cell metabolism as defence protein synthesis activated by single molecules or complex mechanisms. The exogenous application or the synthesis stimulus of organic acids as salicylic, may act as an inductor of tolerance protein to different biotical or non biotical stress increasing the detoxification enzyme activity, specially those ones involved in the degradation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this work was the study of salicylic acid (SA) over the germination and vigour of marigold seeds (Calendula officinalis L.) in ideal or stressing conditions. Seeds were put to germinate in paper wetted with SA (zero, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2mM). Germination (G%), first germination counting(PC) and germination velocity index (IVG) were measured. Just germination was significant, and the best doses were 0.025 and 0.05 mM of SA. Three other experiments were done one with acid water, adjusted to the pH of the related SA solutions (6.0; 4.8, 4.2 3.6 and 3.2), one with different water potentials, induced by mannitol (0; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9 and -1.2 MPa) and one with different temperatures(20, 25, 30 e 35ºC). pH had no effect over germination and IVG of Marigold seeds, so the effect observed earlier was due to SA. The treatment with 0.025mM of SA increased the G% and IVG of marigold seeds exposed to water deficit. Temperature with or without SA treatment were superior at 20ºC than the recommended temperature of 25ºC. / A calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) é uma importante planta medicinal e ornamental, e também é usada na culinária, na fabricação de cosméticos e de fitofármacos. As plantas sofrem agressões por agentes bióticos e abióticos e apesar de não apresentarem defesas através de movimentos ágeis, podem ocorrer adaptações e profundas alterações no metabolismo da célula vegetal, entre elas a síntese de proteínas de defesas ativada através de mecanismos complexos. A aplicação exógena ou o estímulo à síntese endógena de ácidos orgânicos como o ácido salicílico pode agir como indutor de proteínas de tolerância aos diferentes estresses, bem como para elevar a atividade de enzimas de desintoxicação celular, especialmente às envolvidas na degradação de radicais ativos oxigenados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de se estudar o efeito do ácido salicílico (AS) sobre a germinação e o vigor de sementes de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) em condições ideais e sob estresse térmico e hídrico. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em papel embebido em soluções com concentrações crescentes de ácido salicílico (zero, 0,0125, 0,025, 0,05, 0,1 e 0,2mM); medindo-se as variáveis: porcentagem de germinação (G%); índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e germinação à primeira contagem (PC). Ficou constatado através do teste de Tukey que apenas a (%G) foi significativa, sendo que as melhores dosagens detectadas para o percentual de sementes germinadas ficou entre 0,025 e 0,05 mM de ácido salicílico. Três outros experimentos foram feitos, um com água acidulada aos pH respectivos às concentrações de ácido salicílico (6,0; 4,8; 4,2; 3,6 e 3,2), um com diferentes potenciais hídricos induzidos por manitol (0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 e -1,2 MPa), e outro com temperaturas (20, 25, 30 e 35ºC). Não houve efeito dos tratamentos ácidos sobre a germinação e o IVG de calêndula. A concentração de 0,025mM de AS apresentou-se como superior tanto para %G como para IVG de sementes de Calêndula sob efeito de estresse hídrico. O uso, ou não, de AS não foi eficiente para aliviar o estresse térmico.

By 2043, its projected that there will not be one single racial or ethnic group that would dominate the minority group (Tennessee Higher Education Commission, 2016). However, the number of Hispanics grew 230% from 2000 to 2014, representing an 8.6% of the national's youth (Tennessee Higher Education Commission, 2016). Hispanic population in states like California, New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona constitutes more than 30% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). However, in Tennessee, it only constitutes a 5.20%. Going further, in the Tri-Cities it constitutes a 2.34% of the population. Since states with larger Hispanic communities can provide a variety of resources, experiences, and support organization that a state with a small percentage might not consider in providing or may not be able to provide, this research tries to identify what factors influence individuals' decision to go to higher education. By doing so, we will be able to identify the areas that need more attention to better serve the population. To get this information, we obtained IRB approval to send our survey to ETSU Hispanic students. It is expected to see that the students whose parents have obtain an education past high school will be more encouraged to attend to higher education, than those whose parents earned less than a high school diploma. It is also expected to find that the student’s grit, hardiness, and motivation to lead will vary according to the grades that the students had in the United States, finally it is expected to find that students’ grit, hardiness, and motivation to lead will depend on whether or not they are a first generation student.

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