This thesis is an ethnological study of the truck-driver profession and an examination of the prerequisites for sexual equality and diversity in the haulage branch. The aim is to: from a cultural perspective, with a special focus on gender and masculinity, study truck-drivers as an occupational group. A main question deals with male dominance within the haulage business. What supports this dominance and what possibilities exist for change? The cultural phenomena within the trucking business are analysed with a particular focus on class. The collective idea, that I found among truck-drivers and haulage firm owners, of a kind of self-imposed “underdog identity’* is important to my analyses. Within the group, however, disloyal competition is widespread. The employment process for drivers is built on responsibility. The driver must prove himself sufficiently reliable before the employer will hand over responsibility for truck, cargo and the assignment itself. Since those who lack the collectively accepted indicators of competence/responsibility have difficulty gaining employment, a kind of “catch 22” situation is created, which is reinforced by the truck-drivers’ “underdog identity”. Those who share the values and outer features with the majority receive considerable advantages in the employment process,which adds to what is already a widespread male dominance and strengthens the cultural homogeneity. The truck-drivers* relationship to freedom forms a “key symbol” in the analysis. The Swedish haulage branch is investigated using Yvonne Hirdman’s gender contract, which makes visible how perceptions of masculinity have been given normative status within the haulage business. Another theme in the analysis is the “masculine manuscript” — embodied by a wellbehaved and reliable, middle-aged, white (Swedish), heterosexual man with a working class upbringing. The manuscript functions as a kind of ideal with which drivers are compared. Those who fit the manuscript are afforded considerable advantages, above all in the recruitment process. In order to draw attention to different types of power within the haulage business, Robert W. Connels’ term hegemonic masculinity is used. With some reservations one can express the long-distance truck-driver as an ideal with hegemonic status within the context of haulage. This category of driver has considerable influence on the definition of how a “real” driver should be and on ideas of how transport work is best organised. This group of drivers is relatively small, but its symbolic influence is large. From a gender perspective, the aim is to “grapple” with the images of truck-drivers, both within and outside of the business. The attitude to the trucker myths is critical. The masculinity ideal of the trucker myth is about the right to seek personal freedom and to live exclusively in and for the truck. Possible explanations for the interest in truck-drivers are discussed with the help of the concept of “masculinity crisis” and George L. Mosses* figure of thought: “the male stereotype”. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Univ., 2003</p> / digitalisering@umu

This diploma thesis deals with a concept and strength analysis of a low loader trailer for construction machinery. The thesis was created in cooperation with company ZDT Nové Veselí. The first part presents an overview of ways how to transport construction machinery and fundamental legal requirements for these devices. The main part of the thesis contains description of the trailer and its simplified model intended for the strength analysis. The last section presents an evaluation of results that had been achieved and at the very end the thesis contains partial drawing documentation.

In this diploma thesis, I deal with conception and strength analysis of lowbed detachable gooseneck trailer for construction machinery. First part of thesis is about trailers used these days with brief legal requirements for this device. Rest of the thesis contains construction of trailer, creation of finite element model, and presentation of achieved results. This diploma thesis contains drawing documentation.

Scania is a leading European developer and manufacturer of trucks, buses and engines, based in Södertälje in Sweden. From traditionally having been focused on offering their customer high quality products, Scania is now moving towards becoming a solution provider. This requires a combination of products and services and a deeper understanding of their customers’ business. Hauliers are one of Scania’s most important customer segments. In order to improve its solution offer, Scania wants to gain a deeper understanding about how hauliers develop. Recent studies at Scania have shown deficiencies in knowledge about haulier development. To fill this gap, this master’s thesis was initiated with the purpose of "gaining insight into haulier development and listing implications for Scania‟s business and service development". The aim of the study was to identify drivers, challenges and other important factors for growing hauliers. This result was then used to understand how Scania can contribute to its haulier customers’ growth by offering services. Seven hauliers were selected based on a number of criteria and studied closely. The results showed a gap between the services offered by Scania today and the services suggested after analyses. Particularly, it indicated that non vehicle related services could help hauliers make crucial steps in their development. Scania is advised to further deepen its understanding about haulier development. By doing this, Scania would take an important step into becoming the solution provider it aims to be.

This study focuses on assessing the greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency of 40-tonne haulage trucks in fuel production and manufacturing in a Swedish context. The aim was to provide accurate greenhouse gas accounting and evaluate the contribution to mitigating climate change. Four scenarios were analysed: hydrogen from steam reforming, hydrogen from electrolysis, biomethane from biogas, and electricity in battery-electric vehicles. A comprehensive methodology involving literature review, data collection, and CO2 emissions calculations was employed. The manufacturing stage had higher CO2 emissions than fuel production for all scenarios. Hydrogen from steam reforming had the lowest emissions during manufacturing, while LBM from organic waste had the lowest emissions during fuel production. Sensitivity analysis highlighted the importance of lifespan, fuel consumption, and electricity generation in emissions. This research provides insights into renewable technologies and underscores the need for optimization to achieve climate goals. The study supports EU and Swedish climate laws and emphasizes the significance of considering the full life cycle of fuels to accurately assess their environmental impact.

Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka överensstämmelse avseende mål och motivationsfaktorer mellan samarbetande organisationer. Syftet är även att undersöka hur denna överensstämmelse samt identifierade mål och motivationsfaktorer kan bidra till en ersättningsmodell som främjar en bra transporttjänst. Design och metoder: Denna studie har genomförts som en fallstudie där samarbetet mellan ett speditionsföretag och två åkerier varit i fokus. Som metod för datainsamling till fallstudien användes en kombination av semistrukturerade intervjuer och rangordningstabeller. Till analysen av det empiriska materialet hämtades inspiration från flera olika metoder, dels hämtades inspiration från den tematiska analysmetoden men även från aktiviteterna sortera, reducera och argumentera. Slutligen användes även aktiviteten jämförelse för att kunna analysera överensstämmelsen mellan speditionsföretaget och åkerierna. Resultat: Resultatet gällande målöverensstämmelsen visade att åkerierna hade en begränsad kännedom om speditionsföretagets uttalade mål vilket i detta fall likställs med ingen till låg överensstämmelse. En större överensstämmelse identifierades dock avseende områdena förväntningar och framtida mål. Gällande motivationsöverensstämmelsen framkom det att speditionsföretaget hade en begränsad kännedom om vad som motiverar åkerierna, chaufförerna och transportplanerarna vilket innebär att överensstämmelsen därmed kan anses som låg. Resultatet visade även att en prestationsbaserad ersättningsmodell i tre nivåer bör möjliggöra för en högre måluppfyllnad och kunna leda till högre motivation. Bidrag: Studien har i viss mån bidragit till en utvecklad förståelse för hur olika parter i samarbetande organisationer uppfattar mål och förväntningar från den beställande parten och motivation hos den levererande parten. Vidare har studien bidragit med ett förslag på en ersättningsmodell bestående av tre prestationsbaserade ersättningsnivåer där olika mål är kopplade till respektive nivå. Begränsningar och framtida forskning: Den horisontella överensstämmelsen mellan samarbetande organisationer inom transportbranschen har visat sig vara mycket komplex och svårt att skapa en helhetsbild kring. Generaliserbarheten av resultaten till andra samarbetande organisationer anses utifrån det som relativt låg. Fortsatta studier föreslås inom området horisontell överensstämmelse, främst mellan samarbetande organisationer. En intressant inriktning kan då vara att undersöka om den horisontella överensstämmelsen mellan samarbetande organisationer kan ge samma positiva resultat avseende organisationers effektivitet och resultat som andra typer av överensstämmelse. Ett behov har även identifierats i form av att kunna namnge samarbetet mellan speditionsföretaget och åkerierna, vilket även det rekommenderas som ett område för fortsatt forskning. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the alignment regarding goals and motivation factors between cooperating organizations. The purpose is also to investigate how this alignment, as well as identified goals and motivation factors, can contribute to a transaction model that promotes a good transport service. Design and methods: This study has been carried out as a case study where the cooperation between a forwarding company and two road haulage contractors has been in focus. As a method for data collection for the case study a combination of semi-structured interviews and ranking tables was used. The analysis of the empirical material was inspired by several different methods. Firstly, inspiration was derived from the thematic analysis method but also from the activities sorting, reducing and arguing. Finally, comparison was used to analyze the alignment between the forwarding company and the road haulage contractors. Result: The result regarding the goal alignment showed that the road haulage contractors had a limited knowledge of the forwarding company's stated goals, which in this case is equated with a low alignment. However, greater alignment was identified regarding the areas of expectations and future goals. Regarding the motivation alignment it emerged that the forwarding company had a limited knowledge of what motivates the road haulage contractors, the chauffeurs and the transport planners, which means that the alignment can be considered low. The result also showed that a performance-based transaction model in three levels might improve both goal fulfillment and contribute to higher motivation. Contributions: The study has to some extent contributed to a developed understanding of how different parties in cooperating organizations perceive goals and motivation. Further contributions are the suggested transaction model consisting of three performance-based levels where different goals are linked to each level. Restrictions and future research: The horizontal alignment between cooperating organizations in the transport sector has proved to be very complex and difficult to create an overall picture about. The generalisability of the results to other cooperating organizations is considered relatively low. Continued studies are proposed in the field of horizontal alignment, primarily between cooperating organizations. An interesting approach may then be to investigate whether the horizontal correspondence between cooperating organizations can yield the same positive results regarding organizations' effectiveness and results as other types of alignment. A need has also been identified in the form of being able to name the cooperation between the forwarding company and the road haulage contractors, which is also recommended as an area for continued research.

Ultra deep mining presents many challenges to the mining engineer, one of which is the logistics to support mining operations quickly and efficiently. Typically, Witwatersrand gold mines operate at depths in excess of 2000 m with stoping taking place to 3500 m and investigations underway to mine to a depth of 5000 m. As mining progresses deeper and further from the shaft, the role of logistics becomes increasingly important if production targets are to be achieved. Access to the workings is often via sub vertical and even tertiary subvertical shaft systems with working faces as far as five kilometers from the shaft. It is inevitable therefore, that distance will negatively impact the working time available at the stope face, material transportation and distribution, as well as the removal of broken ore. Possible solutions to these logistical problems may be found in the use of different transportation systems or by applying sound design and operational principles to transportation systems, both in the horizontal and instope areas. This thesis investigates the challenges of logistics for ultra deep level gold mining in the Witwaterstrand basin for mining layouts planning to mine between 3000 m and 5000 m underground with typical horizontal distances of over 3000 m. The transportation needs analysis recognised that vertical transportation is a wellmanaged and organised system and is mainly the same for both shallow and deep level operations. As a result of this, the thesis only focuses on the logistical issues of the horizontal and in-stope processes. The literature review indicates that the majority of work previously conducted on transportation focused around the area of horizontal transportation with limited inputs to in-stope transportation systems. The review concludes that the traditional locomotive transportation system is the most applicable mode of horizontal transportation. Thus, special emphasis is given to trackbound transportation. An integrated approach is taken towards mine transportation advocating that underground logistics be considered as equally important as any other discipline, Le. rock engineering, ventilation, etc. In addition, the transportation process should consider each area equally important. All to often, the transportation of rock is considered of paramount importance over the transportation of personnel and material. Thus, the planning any transportation system should incorporate personnel, material and rock. To enable this, scheduling, communication and control are important with special attention required for transfer points in the transportation system. As each site has its own particular requirement, thus the final transportation systems must be drawn up based on the specific requirements of each mine. A guideline is proposed for the design of ultra deep level underground transport systems for personnel, material and rock transportation. Thus, providing mining engineers with sufficient information and data to select an appropriate transportation system to meet specific mine requirements. The thesis highlights areas requiring consideration by mine engineers when designing a transportation system from shaft to the working face. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

No description available.

This thesis is aimed at studying the open pit truck- shovel haulage systems using computer simulation approach. The main goal of the study is to enhance the analysis and comparison of heuristic truck dispatching policies currently available and search for an adaptive rule applicable to open pit mines. For this purpose, a stochastic truck dispatching and production simulation program is developed for a medium size open pit mine consisting of several production faces and a single dump site using GPSS/H software. Eight basic rules are modeled in separate program files. The program considers all components of truck cycle and normal distribution is used to model all these variables. The program asks the user to enter the number of trucks initially assigned to each shovel site. Full-factorial simulation experiments are made to investigate the effects of several factors including the dispatching rules, the number of trucks operating, the number of shovels operating, the variability in truck loading, hauling and return times, the distance between shovels and dump site, and availability of shovel and truck resources. The breakdown of shovel and trucks are modeled using exponential distribution. Three performance measures are selected as truck production, overall shovel utilization and overall truck utilizations. Statistical analysis of the simulation experiments is done using ANOVA method with Minitab software. Regression analysis gives coefficient of determination values, R2, of 56.7 %, 84.1 %, and 79.6 % for the three performance measures, respectively. Also, Tukey&rsquo / s method of mean comparison test is carried out to compare the basic dispatching rules. From the results of statistical analysis, it is concluded that the effects of basic truck dispatching rules on the system performance are not significant. But, the main factors affecting the performances are the number of trucks, the number of shovels, the distance between the shovels and dump site, finally the availability of shovel and truck resources. Also, there are significant interaction effects between these main factors. Finally, an adaptive rule using the standardized utilization of shovels and trucks is developed.

Abstract The removal of overlying waste rock in open pit mines to dumps is conventionally undertaken by draglines or by trucks and shovels, or by a combination of these. Waste rock dumps are the largest remnant structures of open cut mining operations and can absorb a large proportion of the mine operating costs. If the dumps are not properly developed they can be excessively expensive and can become a major safety risk and environmental hazard. There are many examples worldwide where poor design and construction of waste rock dumps have resulted in failures causing considerable loss of life and widespread damage, or have resulted in erosion and seepage that have led to severe environmental pollution. The proper design and scheduling of waste rock dumps and haul routes can significantly reduce costs, minimise the possibility of failures, and avoid harming the environment. This Thesis is limited to the consideration of trucks and shovels for waste rock haulage in open cut mining operations. It describes the development and application of a waste rock dump scheduling model using the Operations Research technique of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, implemented in the mathematical modelling language AMPL. The model focuses on minimising the haulage cost for each block of waste rock taken from the open pit and placed in the dump. Allowance is made for the selective placement of benign and reactive waste rock, based on an open pit block model that delineates benign and reactive waste rock. The formulation requires input data including the xyz-coordinates of the block model for the open pit, information on whether the waste rock blocks are benign or reactive, the proposed time scheduling of waste rock haulage from the open pit, unit haulage costs, and the geometry of the waste rock dump, including the delineation of the zones that are benign and those that are reactive. The model was successfully tested by using both simple test data and actual mine site data. The application of the model to a simple case confirmed that it produces results that meet the Objective Function in producing an optimal haulage time and cost, and meets the various Constraints imposed. This model for scheduling the removal of waste rock from open cut mining operations with trucks and shovels will require further research and testing and, because the results are generated in a numerical format, there will also be a need to convert them to a graphical format to facilitate their interpretation. Ultimately, it will have the potential to provide a relatively low-cost scheduling tool that meets operators’ economic, safety and environmental goals.