Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:17:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoCintiaFinal.pdf: 1517804 bytes, checksum: fd57c5897b91994bcdbb803fd0388323 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-02 / This study is characterized as a documentary and field research. It has as an objective to analyze the work management in hospitals of the 9th of Paraná Health Region, moreover, it tried to identify characteristics of the hospital network and health professionals in the technical and professional level. The first part of the research took place through the data collection in the National Health Facilities Register in April 2014, hospitals in the region were identified, as well as all health professionals who work in these units. Among the main results, in the 13 hospitals, 84.62% (11) were private and 61.54% (8) were small. It was identified 2,307 working occupations, from which 57.91% (1,336) were of higher education; 77.42% (1786) located in Foz do Iguaçu (health regional headquarters); 69.27% (1598) of the linkages work were classified as poor; 23.50% (376) had more than one occupation. Regarding the second step, the field research was carried out through semi-structured questionnaire filled out by the own researcher in meetings from November 2014 to February 2015, in the workplace of the subjects. It was interviewed 116 health professionals, from which 52.59% (61) were of a higher level and 47.41% (55) technical level, with specific training in health. The questions addressed socio-demographic aspects, training, work management (order of entry, type of relationship, career plans, jobs and salaries, program evaluation and other forms of performance assessment, progression and career promotion, payment bonuses and incentives) continuing education and political participation of the interviewed. Among the results it stood out: average age of 38.20 ± 14.73 years; female 72.41% (84); residents in Foz do Iguaçu 70.69% (82); belonging to the nurse staff 60.34% (70). The selection process was the primary form of entrance (56.43%), most of the bonds were protected, both in technical (95.84%) as the top-level (60.30%). The medical professional is the one with most unprotected bonds (100%), more than one job (84.61%) and higher salaries. Regarding the other aspects of the analyzed work management, it was identified in the professional responses the performance evaluation (25.71%), progression and career promotion (34.28%), bonus payments (13.57%) and incentive payments (29.29%). Lifelong learning occured sporadically in only 50% of cases, predominantly technical level (40%). As a conclusion it is noted that there is a hospital network of small institutions, from private nature, with a number of beds both general or complementary below recommended, divided workforce between doctors and nursing staff and lack of plan career, jobs and salaries in hospitals. It is recommended a greater regulation of the government in labor management in hospitals, regardless the ownership being public or private, since all are active in providing health services, which are considered by the Federal Constitution as a public relevance / O presente estudo caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa documental e de campo. Teve por objetivo analisar a gestão do trabalho nos hospitais da 9ª Região de Saúde do Paraná, além disso, buscou identificar características da rede hospitalar e dos profissionais de saúde do nível técnico e superior. A primeira parte da pesquisa realizou-se através da coleta de dados no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, em abril de 2014, foram identificados os hospitais da região, bem como todos os profissionais de saúde que atuam nestas unidades. Entre os principais resultados tem-se que nos 13 hospitais 84,62% (11) eram privados e 61,54% (8) de pequeno porte. Identificaram-se 2.307 ocupações de trabalho, destas 57,91% (1.336) eram de nível superior; 77,42% (1.786) localizados em Foz do Iguaçu (sede da regional de saúde); 69,27% (1.598) dos vínculos de trabalho classificaram-se como precários; 23,50% (376) apresentavam mais que uma ocupação. Em relação à segunda etapa, a pesquisa de campo, ocorreu por meio de questionário semiestruturado preenchido pelo próprio pesquisador em encontro presencial no período de novembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015, no local de trabalho dos sujeitos. Foram entrevistados 116 profissionais de saúde, sendo 52,59% (61) de nível superior e 47,41% (55) de nível técnico, com formação específica em saúde. As questões abordaram aspectos sócio-demográficos, de formação, gestão do trabalho (forma de ingresso, tipo de vínculo, plano de carreira, cargos e salários, programa de avaliação e outras formas de avaliação de desempenho, progressão e promoção na carreira, pagamentos de gratificações e incentivos) educação permanente e participação política dos entrevistados. Entre os resultados destacam-se: idade média de 38,20±14,73 anos; gênero feminino 72,41% (84); residentes em Foz do Iguaçu 70,69% (82); pertencentes ao pessoal de enfermagem 60,34% (70). O processo seletivo foi a principal forma de ingresso (56,43%), a maioria dos vínculos eram protegidos, tanto no nível técnico (95,84%) como no nível superior (60,30%). O profissional médico é o que apresentou mais vínculos desprotegidos (100%), mais de um vínculo empregatício (84,61%) e maiores remunerações. Em relação aos demais aspectos da gestão do trabalho analisados, identificou-se nas respostas dos profissionais a avaliação de desempenho (25,71%), progressão e promoção na carreira (34,28%), pagamentos de gratificações (13,57%) e pagamentos de incentivos (29,29%). A educação permanente ocorria de maneira esporádica em apenas 50% dos casos, com predomínio para o nível técnico (40%). Como conclusão salienta-se a existência de uma rede hospitalar composta por instituições de pequeno porte, de natureza privada, número de leitos tanto gerais como complementares abaixo do preconizado, força de trabalho dividida entre profissionais médicos e da equipe de 8 enfermagem e ausência de Plano de Carreira, Cargos e Salários nos hospitais. Recomenda-se uma maior regulação do Estado na gestão do trabalho nos hospitais, independente da titularidade ser pública ou privada, uma vez que todos atuam na prestação de serviços de saúde, os quais são considerados pela Constituição Federal como de relevância pública.

A Atenção Primária à Saúde exige uma intervenção ampla em diversos aspectos para que se possa ter efeito positivo sobre a qualidade de vida da população, necessitando de um conjunto de competências para ser eficiente. A Atenção Primária é a principal porta de entrada do cidadão no sistema de saúde e por isso, o primeiro contato do paciente caracteriza-se pela atenção centrada na família, na orientação e na participação comunitária, além da competência dos profissionais. Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade dos serviços de saúde bucal prestados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família no Distrito de Saúde Oeste do Município de Ribeirão Preto, área de abrangência da FMRP - USP. Metodologia: mediante observação exploratória e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os profissionais que atuam nas USF e seus pacientes, foi realizada uma foi avaliação sob os aspectos referentes a cobertura, estrutura, processos e aos resultados das atividades. Ao final deste projeto foram identificados os serviços odontológicos prestados nas USF estudadas e avaliados de acordo com a percepção dos próprios cirurgiões-dentistas e dos usuários do sistema de saúde das localidades em questão. Obteve-se como parte dos resultados que, em relação à cobertura, as USF tem capacidade para absorver um maior número de pacientes. Sobre a estrutura, pode-se dizer que todas carecem de uma readequação física e também de reparos em equipamentos. Em relação aos processos, todas as USF estão de acordo com o preconizado nas normas vigentes e todas praticam o modelo de promoção e prevenção à saúde. E, por fim, também como parte dos resultados, o índice de satisfação de cada Unidade deu-se da seguinte forma: MC 79,68% e 87,29%; JE 81,25% e 91,66%; e VA 93,75% 95,41%, para ESB e usuários, respectivamente. Assim, pode-se dizer que há qualidade nos serviços de saúde bucal prestados nestas USF mediante os índices de satisfação aferidos. / The Primary Health Care requires extensive intervention in several aspects so that there must be a positive effect on people\'s quality of life, requiring a set of skills to be effective. The Primary Care is the first contact of the patient with the network care within the health system, and it is characterized by the attention focused on the family, orientation and community participation, beyond the competence of professionals. Objective: evaluate the quality of oral health services in the Family Health Centers in the West Health District of Ribeirão Preto, coverage area of FMRP - USP. Methods: through an exploratory observation and semi-structured interviews with professionals working in the Family Health Centers and their patients, it was performed an evaluation with regard to coverage, structure, processes and the results of the activities. At the end of the study there were identified the dental services at the Family Health Centers studied and they were evaluated according to the perception of their own dentists and users of the health system of the localities in question. It was obtained as part of the results with respect to the cover, the USF is able to absorb a larger number of patients. On the structure, it can be said that all of them require physical readjustment and equipment repairs. For processes, all USF are in accordance with the recommendations in the current rules and practice the model of promotion and prevention to health. Finally as part of the results, the satisfaction rate of each unit was given as follows: MC 79.68% and 87.29%; JE 81.25% and 91.66%; VA 93.75% and 95.41%, for ESB and users, respectively. Thus, it can be said that there is quality in oral health services provided by the USF these measured satisfaction ratings.

INTRODUÇÃO: O trabalho busca um melhor entendimento sobre a gestão estratégica de serviços de saúde. A literatura sobre esse tema é ainda incipiente, particularmente ao considerar o sistema de saúde brasileiro. A gestão estratégica de serviços de saúde é uma das atividades gerenciais mais complexas em função das particularidades do setor de saúde e da complexidade inerente às decisões estratégicas. MÉTODOS: O pesquisador realizou uma revisão da literatura e uma pesquisa de campo baseada no método de múltiplos estudos de casos. A pesquisa foi realizada em seis organizações privadas, com sede na região metropolitana de São Paulo, que atuam na prestação de serviços de saúde e são consideradas como referência em suas áreas de atuação. Foram entrevistados treze gestores com responsabilidade por decisões estratégicas; destes, onze são ou foram presidentes executivos (ou cargos equivalentes) ou presidentes do conselho de administração. RESULTADOS: O trabalho apresentou uma representação esquemática da cadeia de valor da saúde e um modelo de gestão estratégica para serviços de saúde. CONCLUSÕES: A estrutura básica do modelo proposto não é diferente da gestão estratégica apresentada pela literatura para empresas de outros setores. A saúde é um setor com elevada complexidade de gestão e importantes particularidades. Dessa forma, os prestadores de serviços de saúde devem adaptar o modelo proposto ao contexto do setor e da organização para uma efetiva gestão estratégica / INTRODUCTION: This dissertation aims to provide a better understanding about strategic management of health care services. The literature about it is still underdeveloped, particularly considering the Brazilian health care system. Strategic management of health care services is one of the most complex managerial tasks due to the specificities of the health care industry and the inherently complexity of strategic decisions. METHODS: The researcher accomplished a literature review and conducted a field research based on the multiple case study methodology. This study used a sample of six private health care service providers, located at the metropolitan area of São Paulo, and recognized as exceptional health care service organizations. Thirteen executives with strategic responsibilities were interviewed; among them, eleven were or had been Chief Executive Officers (or equivalent roles) or Presidents of the Executive Council. RESULTS: The dissertation presented a schematic representation of the health care value chain and a strategic management model for health care services providers. CONCLUSIONS: The basic structure of the proposed model is not different from the literature of strategic management for organizations in other industries. The health care industry is highly complex to be managed and has distinctive characteristics. Therefore, health care service providers should adapt the proposed model to the industry and organizational contexts in order to develop their strategic management capabilities

abstract: This dissertation presents the development of structural health monitoring and prognostic health management methodologies for complex structures and systems in the field of mechanical engineering. To overcome various challenges historically associated with complex structures and systems such as complicated sensing mechanisms, noisy information, and large-size datasets, a hybrid monitoring framework comprising of solid mechanics concepts and data mining technologies is developed. In such a framework, the solid mechanics simulations provide additional intuitions to data mining techniques reducing the dependence of accuracy on the training set, while the data mining approaches fuse and interpret information from the targeted system enabling the capability for real-time monitoring with efficient computation. In the case of structural health monitoring, ultrasonic guided waves are utilized for damage identification and localization in complex composite structures. Signal processing and data mining techniques are integrated into the damage localization framework, and the converted wave modes, which are induced by the thickness variation due to the presence of delamination, are used as damage indicators. This framework has been validated through experiments and has shown sufficient accuracy in locating delamination in X-COR sandwich composites without the need of baseline information. Besides the localization of internal damage, the Gaussian process machine learning technique is integrated with finite element method as an online-offline prediction model to predict crack propagation with overloads under biaxial loading conditions; such a probabilistic prognosis model, with limited number of training examples, has shown increased accuracy over state-of-the-art techniques in predicting crack retardation behaviors induced by overloads. In the case of system level management, a monitoring framework built using a multivariate Gaussian model as basis is developed to evaluate the anomalous condition of commercial aircrafts. This method has been validated using commercial airline data and has shown high sensitivity to variations in aircraft dynamics and pilot operations. Moreover, this framework was also tested on simulated aircraft faults and its feasibility for real-time monitoring was demonstrated with sufficient computation efficiency. This research is expected to serve as a practical addition to the existing literature while possessing the potential to be adopted in realistic engineering applications. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mechanical Engineering 2019

Healthcare reforms and restructuring have been a global phenomenon since the early 1980s. The major structural reforms in the healthcare system in New South Wales (NSW) including the introduction and implementation of the area health management model (1986), the senior executive service (1989) and performance agreements (1990), heralded a new era in management responsibility and accountability. It is believed that the reforms, the process of the reforms, and the instability brought about by the reforms may have not only resulted in the change of senior healthcare management practices, but also in the change of competencies required for senior healthcare managers in meeting the challenges in the new era. However, limited studies have been conducted which examined how health reforms affected its senior health executive workforce and the above changes. Moreover, no study on senior healthcare managers has focused specifically on NSW after the major reforms were implemented. The purpose of this research was to examine how reforms in the NSW Health public sector affected its senior health executive workforce between 1990 and 1999 in terms of their roles and responsibilities, the competencies required, and the challenges they faced. This study, from a broad perspective, aimed to provide an overview of the NSW reforms, the forces behind the reforms and the effects the reforms may have had on senior health managers as predicted by the national and international literature. This study also explored the changes to the senior health executive workforce in the public sector during the period of rapid change in the 1990s and has provided indications of the managerial educational needs for future senior healthcare managers. Both quantitative and qualitative data have been collected by this study using triangulated methods including scientific document review and analyses, a postal questionnaire survey, and in-depth telephone interviews. The findings from the two quantitative methods informed and guided the development of the open-ended questions and overall focus of the telephone interviews. This study found differences in the characteristics and employment-related aspects between this study and previous studies in the 1980s and 1990s, and identified four major tasks, twelve key roles and seven core competencies required by senior health executives in the NSW Health public sector between 1990 and 1999. The study concludes that the demographic characteristics and the roles and responsibilities of the NSW Health senior executive workforce since the reforms of the 1980s have changed. This study also identified seven major obstacles and difficulties experienced by senior health executives and suggested that during the introduction and implementation of major healthcare reforms in NSW since 1986, barriers created by the ‘system’ prevented the achievement of its full potential benefits. Although this study did not focus on detailed strategies on how to minimise the negative impact of the health reforms on the senior health executives or maximise the chance of success in introducing new changes to the system, some suggestions are proposed. Most significantly, the study has developed a clear analytical framework for understanding the pyramidal relationships between tasks, roles and competencies and has developed and piloted a new competency assessment approach for assessing the core competencies required by senior health managers. These significant findings indicate the need for a replication of the study on an Australia-wide scale in order to extend the generalisability of the results and test the reliability and validity of the new competency assessment approach at various management levels in a range of healthcare sectors. This is the first study acknowledging the impact of the introduction of the area health management model, the senior executive service and performance agreements in the NSW public health system through an original insight into the personal experiences of the senior health executives of the reforms and examination of the major tasks that senior health executives performed and relevant essential competencies required to perform these tasks. The possible solutions identified in this study can guide the development of strategies in providing better support to senior healthcare managers when large-scale organisational changes are proposed in the future.

This dissertation presents a model-based reasoning architecture with a two fold purpose: to detect and classify component faults from observable system behavior, and to generate fault propagation models so as to make a more accurate estimation of current operational risks. It incorporates a novel approach to system level diagnostics by addressing the need to reason about low-level inaccessible components from observable high-level system behavior. In the field of complex system maintenance it can be invaluable as an aid to human operators. The first step is the compilation of the database of functional descriptions and associated fault-specific features for each of the system components. The system is then analyzed to extract structural information, which, in addition to the functional database, is used to create the structural and functional models. A fault-symptom matrix is constructed from the functional model and the features database. The fault threshold levels for these symptoms are founded on the nominal baseline data. Based on the fault-symptom matrix and these thresholds, a diagnostic decision tree is formulated in order to intelligently query about the system health. For each faulty candidate, a fault propagation tree is generated from the structural model. Finally, the overall system health status report includes both the faulty components and the associated at risk components, as predicted by the fault propagation model.

Treating chronic health conditions consumes a significant portion of the health care resource. Two–thirds of UK hospital admissions consist of people with chronic conditions (Singh, 2005). To date, health management has tended to focus on service redesign, rather than focusing on the patients, as a way to facilitate improved outcomes and control costs. Typically, these management approaches are premised on the patient as a consumer/end user. An alternative view to the patient being a consumer is that of the patient being a co–producer of the service. Co–production recognises the client (patient) as a resource, in that value cannot easily be created or delivered, unless the patient actively contributes to the service (Alford, 1998). Patients gain health value when they are well and are independent of the health care system and its costs. Health care organisations gain economic value, when chronic patients require less health care. This thesis examines co–production, in the context of contemporary patient involvement and heath services management. ‘Knowing the People Planning’ (KPP), an innovative health management method, is evaluated for its patient management co–production potential. KPP is based on ten key features of service provision. Four of the key features relate to the patient, whilst the remaining six features relate to the organisation. It is the management of these patient and organisation features that better facilitates chronic long-term mental health patients as co–producers. The empirical findings, from this evaluation of KPP provide evidence for the efficacy of co–productive health management theory and practice. Patient health value and health care organisation economic value are created, when both the organisation and the patient co–produce the health service. KPP was initially implemented by eight of New Zealand’s 21 District Health Boards. Socio-ecological action research methodology was used to evaluate KPP — by taking a ‘people-in-environments’ approach. The evaluation covers fourteen action research cycles for 2,021 chronic long-term patients over four years. Measurements include the amount of time these long-term patients spent in hospital and employment rates. The integration of the action research cycles, using the socio-ecological method supported the generation of (what I have called) ‘co–productive health management theory’. Analyses of secondary data, across organisational and patient domains, supplement the action research findings, in order to assess for confounding factors. The organisation outcomes relate to costs and staff turnover. Patient outcomes relate to service utilisation measures, for approximately 60,000 adult patients per year, who access New Zealand’s secondary mental health services. A pivotal finding of this research was that, as the rate of patients with treatment plans increased from 50% to 90%, inpatient bed use decreased by 26%. However, increased funding for mental health services had only a minor impact on decreasing inpatient bed use. Patient employment rates increased, whilst the number of patients who required access to general practitioners and changes to their housing situation, decreased. The patient management co–production view offers a significant opportunity for health care managers and researchers to significantly improve both patient and organisation value. Co–production views the patient as a resource, who contributes to her/his health outcome, rather than a person who simply consumes services. The better patients can co–produce their health outcome the better their health, and the lower their demand for health services.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.