Allmänläkare i primärvården är den första vårdgivare som människor i behov av psykisk hjälp möter. Det saknas forskning om behandling av psykiskt sjuka inom primärvården i enskilda länder. I syfte att hitta nya frågeställningar och få djupare förståelse av hur primärvården fungerar med avseende på psykiskt sjuka intervjuades elva allmänläkare i en kroatisk stad. Insamlade data från intervjuerna strukturerades och bearbetades genom en induktiv tematisk analys. Resultaten visar att allmänläkare upplever en hög arbetsbelastning. Deras tid för samtal med psykiskt sjuka är väldigt begränsad. Behandling med psykofarmaka blir ofta det enda vårdalternativet. Psykosociala problem och psykotrauma förekom ofta som konsekvens av krig. Sjukpensionering av krigsveteraner med PTSD-diagnos blev en omdiskuterad fråga. Undersökningen visar att det kan bli ansträngande för allmänläkare att behandla psykisk ohälsa. De behandlar dessutom majoriteten av psykiskt sjuka men deras vård kompletteras inte med några psykosociala tjänster. Behovet av psykiskt stöd blir inte bemött hos många patienter.

This research project arose from my journeys with Protestant Christian women who were living in sexually unhappy marriages. In South African Protestant faith communities there is the expectation that Christian marriages will experience sexual fulfilment. For many Christian women however, sexual unhappiness becomes their reality. Sexuality is cocooned in silence not only within the church, but also in many Christian marriages. This leaves many Christian women (and men) with little or no recourse to address sexually unhappy marriages. My research journey briefly explored the social construction of sexuality within the history of Christianity to see which discourses underpin current constructions of White Christian female sexuality. This participatory feminist action research journey centralised the voices of present-day contexts: Protestant Christian women, as well as clergy, were invited to share their understandings and interpretations of matrimony and sexual practices in relation to their faith. With the help of narrative therapeutic practices, some of the dominant social and religious discourses that constitute White Christian female sexuality were explored, deconstructed and challenged. This research journey aimed to penetrate this silence and to invite Christian women, who are living in sexually unhappy marriages, to share their experiences. This exploration included the faith predicaments and relational complexities, challenges and dilemmas Protestant Christian women experience when living in sexually unhappy marriages. This feminist-grounded action research explored the effects and consequences which living in sexually unhappy marriages held for the cosearchers. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th. (Specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie ondersoek is om die ekstrinsieke en intrinsieke oorsake van leermislukking met spesifieke verwysing na skole in die Windhoek stadsgebied te bepaal en om aanbevelings te doen hoe om leermislukking teen te werk. Leermislukking en druiping is onrusbarend hoog in skole in die Windhoek stadsgebied. Nadat die Ministerie van Onderwys die semi-outomatiese promoveringstelsel ingestel het, het druiping afgeneem maar leermislukking het toegeneem omdat leerders gepromoveer word sander dat hulle sukses in die vorige graad behaal het. Volgens die literatuurstudie lê die oorsake van leermislukking by die ouerhuis, die skool, die omgewing en in die leerder self. Die empiriese ondersoek toon ooreenkomste met die literatuurstudie wat betref die oorsake van leermislukking. Om die oorsake teen te werk • moet onderwysers beter opgelei word • moet die ouers meer bewus gemaak word van hulle rot in die leersukses van hulle kinders. • is meer skoolgeboue en onderwysers nodig om kleiner klasse te bewerkstellig. / The purpose of this research is to establish the extrinsic and intrinsic causes of learning failure with specific reference to schools in the Windhoek municipal area and to make recommendations to counteract learning failure. Learning failure and grade failing are disconcertingly high in schools in the Windhoek municipal area. After the Ministry of Education implemented the semi-automatic promotion system, grade failing decreased, but learning failure increased because learners are promoted without achieving success in a prior grade. According to the literature study, the causes of learning failure are to be found in the home, the school, the environment, and the learner. Similarities regarding the causes of learning failure were found in the empirical investigation and the literature study. To counteract these causes • teachers should be better trained • parents should become more aware of their role in the learning success of their children • more school buildings and teachers are needed to limit class sizes. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Spesiale Behoeftes Onderwys)

Health related absenteeism was identified as a problem in the schools in the Molopo region, needing a multi-disciplinary approach which included the parents. A conceptual framework on absenteeism was used as a guideline for the descriptive research design. Using a convenience sampling technique 426 absentees, 22 teachers and 2 school nurses filled in three separate questionnaires in ten schools selected to determine the extent of absenteeism due to health related and other problems, the control measures taken and the awareness of school personnel. Health problems were identified as the main reasons for absenteeism. Inadequate communication between the schools and parents as well as lack of guidelines on the control of absenteeism, were other problems identified. Recommendations made related to the provision of school health services that promote the health status of the pupils based on Primary Health Care principles, parental involvement in school health matters and the formulation of policies aimed at controlling absenteeism in schools. / Health Sciences / M.A. (Nursing Science)

Many families have been deprived access to basic human needs like food, clothing, shelter, protection, education and health services because of poverty. In South Africa poverty remains a challenge, resulting from economic and social inequalities, where 40% of its population still live in poverty (Landman, Bhorat, Van der Berg & Van Aardt 2003). The study aimed at ascertaining and describing the needs identified by adult members living in poverty, in the Lukhanji Municipality. The researcher used a probability, systematic, random sampling method to obtain respondents for the study. A non-experimental, descriptive, quantitative research approach was adopted. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 respondents, after which a numerical data analysis was done with the assistance of a statistician. Unemployment could be ascribed to lack of education and skills, which exposed families to poor living conditions, ill-health, insecurity and other social ills. Recommendations were made to solve these problems. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

La question des infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) en Afrique a longtemps été<p>négligée par des chercheurs africains spécialistes en sciences sociales, en raison notamment du tabou<p>qui entoure la sexualité dans ce continent. Toutefois, les dernières décennies ont donné lieu à plusieurs<p>recherches menées principalement par les Européens africanistes sur ces pathologies grâce à<p>l’émergence de la pandémie actuelle du Sida. La plupart des travaux réalisés sont axés sur les facteurs<p>de risque, les mécanismes de diffusion, les croyances et les attitudes populaires face à ces maladies, les<p>politiques de lutte, etc. Mais les études historiques consacrées aux IST sont très rares. Celles qui<p>existent ont surtout mis en évidence la dimension démographique axée sur le problème de la dénatalité<p>en laissant dans l’ombre le contexte socio-historique et les conditions socio-épidémiologiques de<p>propagation de ces affections. Au moment où le Sida fait des ravages dans le monde et tout<p>particulièrement en Afrique subsaharienne, l’intérêt d’une réflexion historique sur les IST au Congo<p>n’est plus à démontrer.<p>Contrairement à une affirmation classiquement admise dans la littérature, selon laquelle la<p>lutte contre les IST au sein de la population congolaise fut un franc succès pour les autorités coloniales<p>surtout après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, cette thèse montre plutôt l’augmentation de la prévalence<p>des IST dans le temps. Les archives inédites et l’analyse des données révèlent que cette progression<p>continue est la conséquence de l'urbanisation accélerée et de la monétarisation de la société et de la sexualité entraînant des modes de vie propres à la société coloniale urbaine. Les villes issues de ce processus deviendront non seulement des espaces<p>d’acculturation et de modernité, mais aussi des lieux d’expansion de ces maladies. Le développement<p>de la prostitution et la multiplicité des partenaires sexuels, à travers les unions plus libres et<p>momentanées, sont les principaux facteurs explicatifs de cette observation.<p>On présente généralement de manière panégyrique l’oeuvre sanitaire coloniale de la Belgique<p>au Congo comme ‘‘modèle’’. Pourtant, aucune étude n’a déjà été menée pour examiner, de manière<p>chiffrée, les aspets liés aux différences de santé entre les Congolais et les Blancs. Cette<p>dissertation vient combler les lacunes existantes dans ce domaine. De ce point de vue, il en résulte de<p>fortes inégalités et des déséquilibres persistants de santé entre ces deux types de populations. Les Congolais beaucoup plus<p>nombreux, socialement défavorisés, ne bénéficient que d’une situation peu ou moins favorable ;tandis<p>que les Blancs, socialement plus favorisés, bénéficient en général d’une meilleure situation sanitaire.<p>Plusieurs indicateurs élaborés dans ce travail sont révélateurs de cette réalité coloniale, en termes<p>d’équipements sanitaires, d’accès et d’utilisation de soins et d’état de santé différencié./<p><p><p><p>The issue of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Africa has long been neglected by<p>researchers African social scientists, particularly because of the taboo surrounding sexuality in Africa.<p>However, recent decades have resulted in several research conducted mainly by the European<p>Africanists on these diseases through the emergence of the current pandemic of AIDS. Most of studies<p>are focused on risk factors, distribution mechanisms, the popular attitudes about these infections,<p>control policies. But historical studies on STI are seldom examined. Those that exist are mainly<p>concerning the demographic dimension focuses on the problem of declining birth, leaving the socio-historical<p>and socio-epidemiological spread of such diseases. While AIDS is ravaging the world and<p>especially in sub-Saharan Africa, one thing to mention is that the interest of historical reflection on<p>STI in the Congo is obvious.<p>Contrary to an assertion conventionally accepted in the literature, that the fight against<p>gonorrhea and syphilis among the Congolese population was a success for the colonial authorities,<p>especially after the Second World War, our thesis shows rather the increasing prevalence of STI. The<p>archives and analysis of data indicates this continued progress is the result of special conditions of<p>industrialization and urbanization colonial that make people vulnerable. Cities from this historical<p>process will not only areas of acculturation and modernity, but also places for expansion of these<p>diseases. The development of prostitution and multiple sexual partners through free and temporary<p>unions are the main factors explaining this observation.<p>It has generally praises how the actions of Belgian colonial health in the Congo as 'model'.<p>However, no study has been conducted to establish or to compare quantitatively the health status<p>between Blacks (Congolese) and Withes (Europeans in majority). This essay shows the social health<p>inequalities among these two populations. The Congolese many in number, but more socially<p>disadvantaged have only less favorable conditions to health. While the white people, socially<p>privileged, generally have better health status. Several indicators developed in this study are revealing<p>of the colonial reality in terms of sanitation, access and use of care and health status differential. / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished