Over the past 10 years, smartwatches have become increasingly popular for commercial use. Their ever-increasing capabilities, accuracy, and sophistication of smartwatches is making them increasingly appealing to physical activity researchers as a valuable research tool. The non-invasive nature, prevalence, and versatility of smartwatches is being utilized to track heart rate, blood-oxygen levels, activity and movement, and sleep. However, the current state of the art lacks a uniform method to extract, organize, and analyze data collected from these devices. The objective of this research was to develop a Python software library that is widely available, highly capable, and easy to use with the data collected by the Apple Watch. The library was designed to offer data science, visualization, and mining features that help physical activity research find and communicate patterns in the Apple Health data. The custom-built caching system of the library provides near-instant runtime to parse and analyze large files without trading off on memory usage. The Wanjara Smartwatch Library has significantly better performance, proven reliability and robustness, and improved usability than the alternatives discovered in the review of the literature. / Master of Science / Over the past 10 years, smartwatches have become increasingly popular for commercial use. Their ever-increasing capabilities, accuracy, and sophistication of smartwatches is making them increasingly appealing to physical activity researchers as a valuable research tool. The non-invasive nature, prevalence, and versatility of smartwatches is being utilized to track heart rate, blood-oxygen levels, activity and movement, and sleep. However, the current state of the art lacks a uniform method to extract, organize, and analyze data collected from these devices. The objective of this research was to develop a Python software library that is widely available, highly capable, and easy to use with the data collected by the Apple Watch. The library was designed to offer data science, visualization, and mining features that help physical activity research find and communicate patterns in the Apple Health data. The custom-built caching system of the library provides near-instant runtime to parse and analyze large files without trading off on memory usage. The Wanjara Smartwatch Library has significantly better performance, proven reliability and robustness, and improved usability than the alternatives discovered in the review of the literature.

La e santé, la m-santé et la quantification de soi connectent le corps et bousculent le modèle traditionnel du soin. Ils le font glisser d’une médecine curative et monopolistique à une médecine préventive et adoptant une approche de la santé telle que définie par l’OMS. Par ce truchement, la personne n’est plus simplement placée au centre du dispositif de soin elle en devient l’un des acteurs y compris dans l’intimité de sa vie privée. Par ailleurs, sans cesse à la recherche de la réalisation d’économie mais aussi de qualité, le système de santé, a muté, sous l’effet du déploiement de l’e-santé. Il en résulte qu’il est désormais substantiellement décloisonné et ne peut plus être synthétisé dans la dichotomie classique entre le sanitaire et le médico-social. Le vecteur et la résultante de ce phénomène consiste dans la circulation de l’information de santé. Désormais majoritairement numérisée elle est devenue indispensable au soin ainsi qu’au fonctionnement du système de santé. Le soin est désormais conçu autour de l’échange et du partage catégoriel et inter-catégoriel, voire même homme-machine ou machine-machine et non plus sur une médecine fondée sur le secret. L’Homme devenu homo numericus n’en est pas pour autant dépourvu de tout droits et de toute intimité. Le droit et la techno-droit s’inscrivent dans ce jeu savant dont la moindre réforme inconséquente pourrait en bouleverser l’équilibre précaire / Health, m-health and self quantification connect the body and disrupt the traditional model of care. They are moving it from curative and monopoly medicine to preventive medicine and taking a WHO-defined approach to health. By this means, the person is no longer simply placed at the center of the care device he becomes one of the actors including in the intimacy of his privacy.On the other hand, in search of the realization of economy but also of quality, the health system, has mutated, under the effect of the deployment of e-health. As a result, it is now substantially landscaped and can no longer be synthesized into the classic dichotomy between health and social medicine. The vector and resultant of this phenomenon consists in the circulation of health information. From now on, it has become largely digital and essential for the care and functioning of the healthcare system. The care is now conceived around categorical and inter-categorical exchange and sharing, even man-machine or machine-machine and no longer on a medicine based on secrecy. The Man who has become a homo Numericus is not without all rights and privacy. Law and techno-law are part of this scholarly game, the slightest inconsistent reform of which could upset its precarious balance

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-120) Establishes a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) to model uncertainty of aerosols released from cooling towers and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to create a wind dispersal model and identify potential cooling towers as the source of infection. Demonstrates the use of GIS and BBN in environmental epidemiology and the power of spatial information in the area of health.

If knowledge has been gathered by the practitioners’ community in the area of health data warehousing evaluation, it is mostly relying on anecdotal evidence instead of academic research. Isolated dimensions have received more attention and benefit from definitions and performance measures. However, very few cases can be found in the literature which describe how the assessment of the technology can be made, and these cases do not provide insight on how to systematize such assessment. The research in this dissertation is aimed at bridging this knowledge gap by developing an evaluation framework, and conducting an empirical study to further investigate the state of health data warehousing evaluation and the use of the technology to improve healthcare efficiency, as well as to compare these findings with the proposed framework. The empirical study involved an exploratory approach and used a qualitative method, i.e. audio-taped semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted in collaboration with the Healthcare Data Warehousing Association and involved 21 participants who were members of the Association working in a mid- to upper-level management capacity on the development and implementation of health data warehousing. All audio-taped interviews were transcribed and transcripts were coded using a qualitative analysis software package (NVivo, QSR International). Results were obtained in three areas. First, the study established that current health data warehousing systems are typically not formally evaluated. Systematic assessments relying on predetermined indicators and commonly accepted evaluation methods are very seldom performed and Critical Success Factors are not used as a reference to guide the system’s evaluation. This finding appears to explain why a literature review on the topic returns so few publications. Second, from patient throughput to productivity tracking and cost optimization, the study provided evidence of the contribution of data warehousing to the improvement of healthcare systems’ efficiency. Multiple examples were given by participants to illustrate the ways in which the technology contributed to streamlining the care process and increase healthcare efficiency in their respective organizations. Third, the study compared the proposed framework with current practices. Because formal evaluations were seldom performed, the empirical study offered limited feedback on the framework’s structure and rather informed its content and the assessment factors initially defined. / Graduate

Den 25e maj i år 2018 träder den nya dataskyddsförordningen, även kallad ”General Data Protection Regulation” från EU i kraft. Det just nu rådande EU-direktivet som behandlar dataskydd är från år 1995, och mycket har förändrats sedan dess. Därför är det av hög grad aktuellt med en ny moderniserad förordning som passar bättre in i en växande digital värld. I dagsläget är det Sveriges personuppgiftslag, PuL som styr över hur personuppgifter skall behandlas. PuL kommer att ersättas av GDPR och detta kommer att medföra strängare lagar kring informationshantering av personliga uppgifter och även fler rättigheter till varje enskild individ. Ett exempel på det är att personer kommer att kunna ifrågasätta syftet med varför deras data hanteras och hur den skyddas. Det blir samtidigt en utmaning för företag att se över sina IT-system, så att informationen hanteras korrekt och lever upp till de nya regler som GDPR innefattar. I denna studie kommer detta problemområde att behandlas och då främst en djupdykning inom fitnessbranschen. För att kunna genomföra detta har fyra olika gym valts ut och undersökningen kommer att fokusera på hur de hanterar förändringar och utmaningar i sitt förberedande arbete för att uppnå kraven i GDPR. Det kommer även att vara inriktat på vilken typ av hälsodata som samlas in samt den tekniska hanteringen ur ett integritets- och säkerhetsperspektiv. / On 25 May in 2018, the new data protection regulation, also known as the "General Data Protection Regulation" of the EU, comes into force. The current EU directive dealing with data protection is from 1995, and much has changed since then. Therefore, it is highly relevant to a new modernized regulation that fits better into a growing digital world. At present, Sweden's Personal Data Act, PuL, governs how personal data are to be processed. PuL will be replaced by GDPR and this will impose stricter laws on information management of sensitive data and also more rights to each individual. An example of it is that people will be able to say that they want their data deleted and not have it stored. At the same time, it is a challenge for companies to review their IT systems, so that information is handled properly and meets the new requirements that GDPR includes. In this study this problem area will be addressed and then mainly a deep diving in the fitness industry. In order to accomplish this, four different gyms have been selected and the survey will focus on how they handle changes and challenges in their preparatory work to achieve the requirements of the GDPR. It will also focus on the type of health data collected and the technical management.

No description available.

With the meteoric rise of artificial intelligence over the last decade, it is playing an increasingly important role in our societies. This technology can play a decisive role in the development of many sectors. However, it is also necessary to have a large volume of quality data available in order to obtain high-performance models. In the healthcare sector, useful, high-quality data is often subject to fairly high security and confidentiality standards, as it is personal data that is subject to legislation (such as the GDPR at European level). At national level, each country has its own strategy, approach and objectives for integrating artificial intelligence into public services. Here, we will be looking at two European Union countries, Sweden and France. Sweden is characterised by openness and transparency. In France, on the other hand, privacy is a very important concept. Comparing their approach to the subject can therefore yield some interesting results. To carry out this comparison, a state of the art was carried out. This state of the art was based on the reading of various documents, and was accompanied by conducting five interviews with players active within this system. The analysis showed that despite different healthcare organisational structures and approaches, Sweden and France are at similar stages and have similar safety standards. However, the major difference lies in the structure of the healthcare system, which results in different advances for the two countries, with, for example, the Swedish regions working independently and interpreting the legal grey areas individually. In reality, the legal framework remains a limiting factor for the development of this sector for both nations, despite the desire of all parties to maintain an ethical approach. Finally, the future political choices concerning artificial intelligence and its legal environment will be societal choices that correspond to the cultural values of each country. However, the AI Act (a draft European law) should harmonise the legal aspects, based on an approach to technology based on the risks it could pose to individuals. / Den artificiella intelligensen har under det senaste decenniet fått ett enormt uppsving och spelar en allt viktigare roll i våra samhällen. Denna teknik kan spela en avgörande roll för utvecklingen av många sektorer. Men för att få fram högpresterande modeller krävs det också att man har tillgång till en stor mängd kvalitetsdata. Inom hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn är användbara, högkvalitativa data ofta föremål för ganska höga säkerhets- och sekretessstandarder, eftersom det är personuppgifter som omfattas av lagstiftning (till exempel GDPR på europeisk nivå). På nationell nivå har varje land sin egen strategi, sitt eget tillvägagångssätt och sina egna mål för att integrera artificiell intelligens i offentliga tjänster. Här kommer vi att titta på två EU-länder, Sverige och Frankrike. Sverige kännetecknas av öppenhet och transparens. I Frankrike, å andra sidan, är integritet ett mycket viktigt begrepp. Att jämföra deras förhållningssätt till ämnet kan därför ge intressanta resultat. För att kunna göra denna jämförelse har en state of the art genomförts. Denna state of the art baserades på läsning av olika dokument och kompletterades med fem intervjuer med aktörer som är aktiva inom detta system. Analysen visade att Sverige och Frankrike, trots olika organisationsstrukturer och tillvägagångssätt inom sjukvården, befinner sig i liknande skeden och har liknande säkerhetsstandarder. Den stora skillnaden ligger dock i hälso- och sjukvårdssystemets struktur, vilket resulterar i olika framsteg för de två länderna, där till exempel de svenska regionerna arbetar självständigt och tolkar de juridiska gråzonerna individuellt. I själva verket är den rättsliga ramen fortfarande en begränsande faktor för utvecklingen av denna sektor i båda länderna, trots alla parters önskan att upprätthålla ett etiskt förhållningssätt. Slutligen kommer de framtida politiska valen om artificiell intelligens och dess rättsliga miljö att vara samhälleliga val som motsvarar de kulturella värderingarna i varje land. AI-lagen (ett förslag till europeisk lag) bör dock harmonisera de rättsliga aspekterna, baserat på en inställning till teknik som bygger på de risker den kan innebära för individer.

No abstract available.

L’utilisation des TIC à l’hôpital prend une place de plus en plus importante et son développement ne cesse de croître. Le cadre juridique applicable se révèle cependant complexe à appréhender, composé à la fois de textes de droit commun et de textes plus spécifiques, le tout formant un ensemble pas toujours cohérent. Pour accompagner au mieux l’utilisation des TIC à l’hôpital, le législateur doit trouver le juste équilibre entre cadre propice pour le développement de ces pratiques, protection des droits fondamentaux et sécurisation des pratiques. Or, à l’heure actuelle, le cadre juridique applicable à l’utilisation des TIC à l’hôpital ne permet pas d’assurer cet équilibre délicat. Les pouvoirs publics ont donc un rôle stratégique à jouer dans la sécurisation de l’utilisation des TIC à l’hôpital. Une impulsion nationale doit être donnée en la matière, afin d’assurer la cohérence des projets développés, au travers d’une gouvernance forte. Le cadre juridique doit, quant à lui, être rénové afin d’accompagner l’innovation dans le numérique en santé et assurer la sécurité juridique nécessaire à la bonne utilisation des TIC. Dans ce contexte, les hôpitaux ont un rôle essentiel à jouer afin de sécuriser leurs pratiques / The use of ICT has become increasingly important in hospitals. However, the legal framework structuring its use is very complex to grasp. Indeed, it is made up of general laws as well as specific ones and makes this framework sometimes unconsistent. To provide an optimal legal framework for the ICT to expand safely, the legislator needs to strike the right balance between protecting fundamental rights and securing practices. As the current legal framework does not provide this delicate balance, public authorities have a strategic role to play to ensure a secure use of ICT within hospitals. To guarantee the development of consistent projects, a strong governance has to set up a national leadership. The legal framework needs to be rehabilitated to support digital innovation in Healthcare and to ensure a legal protection required for an appropriate use of ICT. Hospitals have then a key role to play in securing their practices

La question de la protection et de la valorisation des données de santé fait l’objet d’un renouvellement permanent car elle est tiraillée pas des intérêts contradictoires. Les logiques juridiques, sanitaires et économiques s’affrontent et s’expriment au travers d’une règlementation particulièrement fournie et disparate des données de santé. Le droit de propriété semble à même de concilier ces enjeux d’apparence antinomiques. Au regard de la place de ce droit dans notre ordonnancement juridique et de la singularité des données de santé, l’étude de leur rapprochement mérite une étude d’une certaine ampleur. Il s’agit dans un premier temps de s’assurer de la compatibilité de ce droit avec les données de santé. La réponse impose une vision de la propriété simplifiée pour finalement constater que les droits existants sur ces données sont en fait déjà des droits de propriétés mais qui, du fait de la particularité des données de santé, sont largement limités. Dans un second temps, se pose donc la question de la pertinence de l’application d’un droit de propriété plus « complet » aux données de santé. Or, on remarque que la spécificité de ces données est telle que cette solution n’est pas la plus efficace pour parvenir à un juste équilibre entre patients et collecteurs de données. Pour autant, d’autres solutions sont possibles. / The question of the protection and enhancement of health data is subject to a permanent renewal because it appears to be in the middle of some conflicting interests. Legal, health and economic logics confront and express themselves through a particularly heterogenous set of regulations on health data. Property rights here seem able to reconcile these issues that first look contradictory appearance issues. Given the place of this right in our legal system and uniqueness of health data, the study of their reconciliation deserves a study of some magnitude. This is a first step to ensure the compatibility of this law with health data. The answer requires a vision of simplified property only to find that the existing rights of the data is already in the property rights but which, because of the particularity of health data, are largely limited. Secondly, therefore the question of the relevance of the application of "more complete" property rights applies to health data. However, we note that the specificity of health data implies that such a the solution is not the most effective for achieving a fair balance between patients and data collectors. Nevertheless, other solutions are possible.