The main goal of this thesis is to map the knowledge of students, adolescents, including human biology, physical education, sports and nutrition and then compare these results with similar surveys carried out in the territory of the Czech Republic. I also tried to verify, whether the knowledge level of health and physical activity be reflected in our observance of healthy lifestyle of the adolescents. Two high schools were actively involved in the research a grammar school in Milevsko and Tábor. A total number of 132 completed student´s tests of knowledge on the issue of health and physical activity was collected along with the same number of enclosed questionnaires about healthy lifestyles. The results showed that the knowledge levels do not differ dramatically based on students' gender. They also showed that they are proportionally reflected in the life style of the students.

The diploma thesis deals with the health literacy of the residents living in the homes for the elderly. The aim was to find out what is the seniors' level of health literacy, whether they are interested in raising it and whether they are able to participate in the care of their person and make decision about their health. The second objective of the thesis was to describe the role of the nurse in providing health literacy to the clients of the home for the elderly. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, we were dealing first with the concept of old age and aging for a comprehensive overview, and we summarized the concepts of health and illness in old age and issues of geriatric nursing and nursing care in homes for the elderly. We analyzed in detail individual areas of health literacy, the acquired knowledge was applied in the research section. The objectives were achieved through a qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews. The set for research was chosen on purpose. In the set, there were clients of retirement homes and nurses that works in these homes. The research part focused on the identification of seniors' health literacy took place in two stages, a cognitive function test was first performed with the selected seniors, and it was then followed by an in-depth interview with cognitively intact seniors. The data were processed using text coloring. In the research focused on seniors, there were created 4 categories with 9 subcategories and in the nurse's research, there were 3 categories with 7 subcategories. The research shows that the level of health literacy of the elderly population differs depending on the specific area of health literacy, but it can be summed up that the seniors generally have insufficient health literacy due to the abandonment of initiative and responsibility in the care of their person and decision-making about their health status to the medical staff. In order to increase their health literacy, education is needed especially in the effect of lifestyle on health, the preventive behaviour, the causes and the possible complications of the diseases and the side effects of the used drugs. In the second part of the research we found that the role of a nurse in the home for the elderly is not only irreplaceable in increasing the health literacy of seniors, but very time and psychologically demanding, therefore, it always does not reach the qualities that the nurses themselves would like.

Health differs among people and education about health is of value to maintain and develop health. In a developing country as Fiji may the definition of health be of different holistic character, compared to industrial countries. It is important to clarify that no view of health is more right or wrong, but has been adapted to the existing conditions and culture within the arena. Knowledge about how to teach about health in a developing country is needed, where health is not as prioritized as other factors, for example to have an income. The aim of this study is to identify health as a concept and identify what strategies that are being used by the teachers to implement health education in Fiji. The research questions were used as contribution to the study’s aim to help the researchers understand how the participants of the study define health as a concept and investigate how pedagogical strategies are being used and what challenges they experience with their teaching. The study has an ethnographic approach with interviews and observations, which are methods used in a qualitative research. The results show there is lots of knowledge about certain themes within health among the teachers, but limited knowledge about health from a holistic perspective. The main conclusion regarding the study’s aim is that there are limited knowledge on how to conduct health education at the two participating schools in Fiji. The definition of health among the interviewed teachers were equivalent and with limited understanding of the concept.

Submitted by KAOANA MARIA VIEIRA DE ALMEIDA null (kkaoana_almeida@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-30T12:52:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoMestrado KaoanaMVAlmeida 2017Final.pdf: 2005940 bytes, checksum: d8c8e8f3d241a49ef9d33b25dfc0f00d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-01-31T16:07:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_kmv_me_bot.pdf: 2005940 bytes, checksum: d8c8e8f3d241a49ef9d33b25dfc0f00d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T16:07:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_kmv_me_bot.pdf: 2005940 bytes, checksum: d8c8e8f3d241a49ef9d33b25dfc0f00d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-20 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa (PROPe UNESP) / Introdução: Indivíduos com baixos níveis de alfabetismo em saúde têm menor conhecimento das suas próprias condições de saúde, pior manejo de doenças crônicas e aumentam os custos dos serviços. Os cuidadores desenvolvem papel fundamental na vida dos idosos, pois os auxiliam em atividades no dia a dia, como higiene pessoal, uso de medicações e até mesmo na tomada de decisão em saúde. Existem poucos estudos que avaliam os níveis de alfabetismo em saúde em cuidadores de idosos. Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho de cuidadores de idosos no instrumento S-TOFHLA (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults) que é uma ferramenta validada no Brasil para este objetivo. Métodos: Estudo transversal em que foram aplicados a 80 cuidadores de idosos atendidos rotineiramente por médicos de duas unidades da rede básica de saúde do município de Botucatu-SP os seguintes instrumentos: S-TOFHLA, questionário sociodemográfico, o Mini Exame do Estado Mental e o “The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) 2”. A análise estatística das variáveis categorizadas foi realizada por meio do teste do qui-quadrado e as variáveis contínuas por meio do teste t de student. A análise multivariada utilizou modelo de regressão logística ordinal tendo como variável dependente os escores do teste S-TOFHLA. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados: Os indivíduos apresentaram idade média de 54,6(±11,7) anos sendo 87,5% do sexo feminino; 27% dos cuidadores avaliados apresentaram índices de não adequação em alfabetismo em saúde. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,001) na distribuição dos níveis de escolaridade entre os grupos classificados como “inadequado”, “limítrofe” e “adequado” de acordo com o desempenho no S-TOFHLA, sendo que uma maior proporção de indivíduos com baixa escolaridade apresentou alfabetismo em saúde inadequado e limítrofe. De acordo com o modelo da regressão logística ordinal, para indivíduos da mesma faixa etária, o grupo de cuidadores com 5 a 8 anos de escolaridade teve 18 vezes mais chances do que o grupo de 1 a 4 anos de migrar de um nível menos adequado para um mais adequado (OR:18.0; IC95%: 3,0-107,0); O grupo de cuidadores com 9 a 11 anos de escolaridade teve 11 vezes mais chances (OR:11.0; IC95%: 2,0-57,0) e o grupo com escolaridade maior ou igual a 12 anos teve 38 vezes mais chances (OR:38,0; IC95%: 6,4-228,0). Conclusão: No presente estudo identificamos aproximadamente 1/3 dos indivíduos em níveis marginais e inadequados de alfabetismo em saúde, que se relacionam com baixa escolaridade dos cuidadores, mas não com a idade dos mesmos. Esses resultados mostram as dificuldades dos cuidadores no entendimento de informações em saúde, deixando clara a necessidade de criar estratégias para promover a melhor compreensão destas informações e assim prevenir erros e melhorar os cuidados prestados aos idosos. Sugere se que estudos prospectivos sejam feitos a fim de avaliar os impactos do analfabetismo dos cuidadores no curso de vida dos idosos. / Introduction: Individuals with low health literacy have less knowledge of their own health condition, poor self-management of chronic diseases, delayer on diagnosis and increases the costs of the services. Caregivers have a key role in elderly's daily living activities, assisting them on the daily activities such as personal hygiene, use of medication and health decision-making. There are few studies on health literacy among elderly’s caregivers. Aims: To evaluate the performance of elderly's caregivers on S-TOFHLA (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults), which is a validated tool in Brazil for that purpose. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The S-TOFHLA, a sociodemographic instrument, the Mini Mental State Exam and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 were applied to 80 elderly’s caregivers. The elders were routinely followed by doctors from the Primary Health Care Sector of the City of Botucatu, SP. Statistical analysis of categorized variables was performed using the chi-square test and the continuous variables using the t-student test. The multivariate analysis used ordinal logistic regression model with the tests scores as the dependent variable. The level of statistical significance adopted was 0,05. Results: The individuals had a mean age of 54,6 (±11,7) years and 87,5% were female; 27% of the caregivers evaluated had no adequate levels in health literacy. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0,001) in the distribution of schooling levels among the groups classified as “inadequate”, “marginal” and “adequate” according to S-TOFHLA performance, and a higher proportion of individuals with low schooling presented inadequate and marginal health literacy. According to the ordinal logistic regression model, with the variable age, the group of caregivers with 5 to 8 years of schooling was 18 times more likely than the group of 1 to 4 years to migrate from a less adequate level to one more adequate (OR:18.0; IC95%: 3,0-107,0); The group of caregivers with 9 to 11 years of schooling was 11 times more likely (OR:11.0; IC95%: 2,0-57,0) and the group with schooling greater than or equal to 12 years had 38 times more chances (OR:38,0; IC95%: 6,4-228,0). Conclusion: In the present study we identified approximately 1/3 of the individuals at marginal and inadequate levels in health literacy among elderly’s caregivers, which are related to the individuals' low level of schooling, but not to their age. These results evidence the difficulties of caregivers in the understanding of health information emphasizing the need to create strategies to promote better understanding of this information and thus prevent errors and improve the care provided to the elderly. It is suggested that prospective studies need be done to assess the impacts of illiteracy among caregivers on the life of the elders. / FAPESP: 2015/05523-7 / Programa Primeiros Projetos: 511

Introdução: O diabetes tipo 2 é uma doença complexa, cujo controle requer autocuidado e o entendimento adequado do tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico. Neste contexto, diversos autores vêm estudando uma possível relação entre o alfabetismo em saúde e o controle glicêmico, além de outros desfechos em diabetes, com resultados heterogêneos e inconsistentes. Até o momento, existe também uma escassez de estudos que avaliem a relação da forma na qual os fatores socioeconômicos e clínicos possam confundir ou modificar o efeito do alfabetismo em saúde, sobre o controle do diabetes, principalmente nos idosos com doença avançada e baixos índices de escolaridade. Objetivos: Investigar a associação entre alfabetismo em saúde com controle glicêmico e lesões de órgãos-alvo em idosos diabéticos tipo 2, assim como avaliar as relações entre suporte social, alfabetismo em saúde e controle glicêmico Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal no qual foi aplicado o Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese Speaking Adults (SAHLPA) em 166 idosos de uma instituição pública na cidade de São Paulo/Brasil. O desfecho primário foi a medida da Hemoglobina glicada e os desfechos secundários foram a presença de lesões microvasculares e macrovasculares. Foram realizados modelos de regressão linear multivariado e logística, hierárquicos forçados, ajustados para características sociodemográficas, clínicas e escore de SAHLPA. Também foi realizada uma análise de interação entre alfabetismo em saúde e suporte social, como determinante do controle glicêmico. Resultados: Foi observado que o escore de SAHLPA esteve associado, de forma independente ao valor da hemoglobina glicada (B = -0,059; p = 0,043), assim como foi observada uma interação entre o suporte social e escore de SAHLPA (p =0,003), associada ao controle glicêmico. No modelo de regressão logística para complicações microvasculares e macrovasculares, o valor do SAHLPA esteve relacionado de forma independente aos desfechos, com um OR de 0,895 (p = 0,032) e 1,164 (p = 0,007), respectivamente. Conclusões: Nesta amostra, foi observada uma relação entre alfabetismo em saúde funcional e controle glicêmico. O suporte social modificou a associação entre o escore de SAHLPA e o controle glicêmico. O presente estudo traz contribuições para o entendimento da relação entre alfabetismo em saúde funcional e desfechos relacionados ao diabetes / Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease that requires self-care and an adequate understanding of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. In this context, several authors have been studying a possible relationship between health literacy and glycemic control, as well as other outcomes in diabetes, with heterogeneous and inconsistent results. To date, there is also a paucity of studies examining if socioeconomic and clinical factors may confuse or modify the effect of health literacy on controlling diabetes, especially in the elderly with advanced disease and low schooling levels. Aims: To investigate the association between health literacy and glycemic control and target organ damage in elderly with type 2 diabetes, and to evaluate the relationships between social support, health literacy and glycemic control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 166 elderly people from a public institution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in which the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese Speaking Adults (SAHLPA) was applied. The primary endpoint was the measurement of glycated hemoglobin and the secondary outcomes were the presence of microvascular and macrovascular target organ damage. Linear multivariate and logistic regression models, forced hierarchical, adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and SAHLPA score were performed. An interaction analysis between health literacy and social support as a determinant of glycemic control was also performed. Results: It was observed that the SAHLPA score was independently associated with the value of glycated hemoglobin (B = -0,059; p = 0,043). It was also observed an interaction between social support and SAHLPA score (p = 0,003) determining glycemic control. In the logistic regression model for microvascular and macrovascular complications the SAHLPA value was independently related to outcomes, with an OR of 0,895 (p = 0,032) and 1,164 (p = 0,007), respectively. Conclusions: In this sample, a relationship between functional health literacy and glycemic control was observed. Social support modified the association between SAHLPA score and glycemic control. The present study provides contributions to the understanding of the relationship between functional health literacy and outcomes related to diabetes

School settings are increasingly being targeted as ideal entry points for youth mental health initiatives and naturally, educators have been identified as playing a critical role in supporting youth in distress. The current study set out to investigate how to strengthen the ability of educators to support youth experiencing bullying and mental health difficulties. The study was conducted in two phases: an initial phase in which a mental health literacy and communication skills workshop for educators was developed and refined, and a second phase in which the workshop was pilot-tested. The 2-hour workshop was delivered to two groups of students (N = 35) in a Teacher’s Education (B.Ed.) program at a Canadian university. Participants completed a questionnaire following the workshop to assess their satisfaction with the workshop experience and their degree of change in knowledge and awareness of bullying and mental health difficulties, as well as self-efficacy and perceived confidence in communicating with young people in distress. Results showed that participant satisfaction with the workshop was high and that most participants would recommend the workshop for pre-service and in-service teachers. In addition, participant knowledge, awareness, self-efficacy, and self-confidence in communicating with youth in distress increased from pre- to post-workshop. Taken together, the results of the pilot study provide support for further development and delivery of this workshop to pre-service and in-service teachers to help prepare educators for the complex, demanding, and vital role of supporting young people in distress due to bullying and mental health difficulties.

This studie thesis deals with the realization of the educational subject of Health education at chosen elementary school. The aim is to determine attitudes of pupils at chosen elementary school to the educational subject Health Education and to find out how the health education was reflected in a life of pupils at the chosen elementary school and how it influenced their views and attitudes to a healthy lifestyle. The theoretical part deals with the definition of basic concepts, such as health, healthy lifestyles, health literacy. It describes in details within the RVP educational field Man and health. The practical part looks into the attitudes of students at chosen elementary school to the educational subject Health Education and their opinions and attitudes to a healthy lifestyle. Two questionnaires that are intended for children at elementary school will be made in this part. They are primarily oriented on the attitudes to the educational subject Health Education and attitudes to a healthy lifestyle. Recommendations for pedagogical practice at elementary school on the basis of results of the research, analysis of the school educational program in the field of Human and Health and theoretical knowledges are included to the work. KEYWORDS Health education, health literacy, healthy lifestyles,...

Nutritional communication research helps with public health promotion, government dietary intervention and future outlooks for the dietetics profession. This research explores the way health professionals target niche population groups to educate on nutrition. The phenomenological methodology and the Communication Accommodation theory framework guided interviews with 10 Arab-speaking females diagnosed with type II diabetes or prediabetes. The findings reveal eight major underlying themes: language, socio-economic impact, level of integration/adaption to new environment, role of religion in life, health is a personal responsibility, role of family/specific family members, role of health professional and views on the Canadian food/culture. Ultimately, dietary acculturation of the sample group is influenced by level of English language proficiency, health literacy, exposure to health information and cultural values.

The thesis focuses on the analysis of health in terms of health marketing, which is identified as the broad term that includes public health branding, as well as the commercial health branding. Emphasis is placed on the Slovak market. The theoretical part deals with the concept of health, the value of health and health literacy. This part consists of a situation analysis of the Slovak market of health, its demographic and health characteristics as well as the description of health and health care in Czechosovakia. The core of the theoretical part of the thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the health marketing. The practical part with qualitative market research method ZMET examines perception of health of Slovak respondents, connects gained information from the theoretical part of the thesis and gives recommendations for the health marketing by taking limitations of the used qualitative research method in consideration. The aim of my Master's Thesis is to show the importance of penetration into the minds of consumers by creating marketing campaigns and revealed deep metaphors apply to product design, advertising and marketing communication in general.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between health literacy, preparedness for discharge, adherence to discharge instructions and difficulty coping after discharge among emergency department patients. Specific Aims: The Aims of this study were to: (1) describe the variability of health literacy of adult patients in an academic tertiary Emergency Department; (2) describe the relationship between health literacy, care transition, and perceived readiness for discharge on the patient’s adherence to discharge instructions and (3) explore whether health literacy, perceived preparation for discharge and care transition, predicts difficulty coping after discharge. Framework: Dr. Meleis’s Transitions Theory was used as a framework. Design: This is a prospective cohort study of adults treated and discharged from the ED. Results: Eighty five percent of the subjects completed the study (n = 132). Subjects satisfied with transition care (P = .025) and who felt more prepared for discharge (P = .035) had less difficulty coping. Subjects more satisfied with care transition were more likely to adhere to medication instructions (P = .029). The higher the satisfaction with discharge preparation, the less likely the subjects were to go to their follow-up appointment (P = 0.051). No associations were found with health literacy. Conclusion: Satisfaction with care transition during the discharge process and feeling well-prepared are related to less difficulty coping after discharge. Nurses have an opportunity to intervene and enhance the discharge experience. This may contribute to more positive outcomes after being seen in an emergency department.