Global climate change is anticipated to raise the overall temperatures and is likely to increase future mortality attributable to heat. China, a rapid developing nation with the world’s largest population, has experienced noticeable changes in climate over the past century, with an annual increase in air temperature by 0.5–0.8°C. While increasing evidence is suggesting that climate change has posed significant health risks to Chinese population, including heat-related mortality, the extent to which climate change will affect future mortality and the sources of uncertainty in projecting prospective changes in mortality remain unexplored. This working-in-progress study aims at estimating excess future premature deaths in large urban areas in China resulting from potential increases in temperature under climate change and investigating sources of uncertainty. We include 51 large Chinese cities in this study, which approximately one third of the total population in China. We use an integrated approach, which combines temperature predictions from climate models, local temperature-mortality relationship and population forecasting, to project the future excess mortality attributed to higher temperature during warm season. The poster presents the results of predicting temperature change during 2040-2050 relative to the baseline period 1950-2000 in the 51 cities selected. We ensemble outputs from 19 climate models used in the IPCC 5th Report, including outputs related to all four AR5 emission scenarios (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5).

In 2014, Washoe County Department of Social Services in Nevada, licensed only 50 of 400 parents who applied to foster children. Lack of long-term effective foster parents creates instability within the system. Significant concern over increased numbers of children entering foster care and a decreased number of qualified foster care applicants continues. The Casey Foster Family Assessment (CFFA), a comprehensive assessment of key traits of effective foster parents may further enhance the fostering application process. The identified CFFA subscales most predictive of future foster parent effectiveness, may help WCDSS more effectively identify applicants likely to provide long-term stable homes for children. Local licensed foster parents and their case managers were recruited to complete the CFFA, and Effective Foster Parent Survey (EFPS). Using the Ecology theory of Bronfenbrenner and Belsky as a foundation, a series of Pearson bivariate correlations were conducted using the CFFA and EFPS scores and a regression analysis was conducted to determine the results. Results showed foster parents (N=35) with a high level of dedication, sufficient time, higher perceived degree of responsibility then the agency, and willing to foster children of differing racial, religious, cultural, or sexual identity backgrounds were viewed by their case managers as being highly effective. Identifying effective skills, and providing support and training to foster parents, may increase the likelihood that a child will stay in one home instead of moving repeatedly, reducing mental health risks of foster children. Three significant correlates were identified: positive parent-child interaction, participation in spiritual activities and attendance at agency training, set a foundation for continued research in additional effective foster parent skills and how to assess for these qualities in incoming applicants.

<p>Avian Influenza (AI) is a contagious viral zoonotic disease with great public health implications and negative socioeconomic impact (WHO, 2006a). The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection is transmitted from birds to man mostly through contact with contaminated poultry and objects (INFOSAN, 2005), hence people who come in contact with birds such as live bird sellers (LBS) are the more vulnerable population (WHO, 2006a). Inadequate knowledge of AI health risks and poor practice of AI preventive measures amongst LBS increases the risk of spread of the infection in both humans and animals.The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and practice of LBS with regards to avian influenza health risks and preventive activities in Agege, an urban area in Lagos State, Nigeria.</p>

<p>Avian Influenza (AI) is a contagious viral zoonotic disease with great public health implications and negative socioeconomic impact (WHO, 2006a). The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection is transmitted from birds to man mostly through contact with contaminated poultry and objects (INFOSAN, 2005), hence people who come in contact with birds such as live bird sellers (LBS) are the more vulnerable population (WHO, 2006a). Inadequate knowledge of AI health risks and poor practice of AI preventive measures amongst LBS increases the risk of spread of the infection in both humans and animals.The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and practice of LBS with regards to avian influenza health risks and preventive activities in Agege, an urban area in Lagos State, Nigeria.</p>

This work deals with health and social impacts on overweight and obesity among second year students in secondary schools and their remedy by means of support active program. To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity was used the BMI values, waist girths, caliper, values of the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). 336 students was participated in this research and 117 students underwent anthropometric measurements. From all measured were selected 31 students with excessive body weight. Seventeen of them was included in the group Experimental (ES) and fourteen in the group Control (KS). The Experimental group was subsequently administered the intervention active program aimed at reducing body weight and positive effect on health, psychological and social parameters. Investigation was carried out from October 2005 to December 2005.

Obesity has become a global problem. Its prevalence has been increasing not only in the world but also in the Czech Republic. There exist two main causes of its development - imbalance between energy reception and energy expenditure. This imbalance can be explained as an excessive food supply containing improper constitution and lack of movement. However, there can also occur genetic predispositions. Moreover, obesity is connected with various kinds of health complications. It cannot cause only physical problems but also psychological, social and economic ones. Reducing of weight is based on way of living including diet and movement. Long-term preservation of this regime is difficult. Is is much better to prevent occurrence of this negative phenomenon. Prevention activities should be done even at very early age. The aim of the thesis is to map out prevalence of obesity among pupils attending second stage of basic schools in Prachatice. The graduation thesis presents a quantitative research in which a questionnaire is used as the main research method. The targeted group comprises pupils attending second stage of basic schools in Prachatice. Prevalence of obesity is found out by using Body Mass Index and all obtained data are compared with percentile graphs. The research has shown that 4,8 % of them are obese and 11 % overweighted. Higher prevalence of obesity and overweight was detected with boys. The other aims of the graduation thesis are to find out other factors which can influence obesity. The influences contributing to the development of obesity can be eating in fast foods or being influenced by advertisements presenting food products. Monitored children admitted drinking of different sweet lemonades. The thesis introduces three hypothesis. First, chidren are unaware of health risks connected with obesity. The hypothesis is confirmed. Second, obese children prefer high-energy foods. This hypothesis is not confirmed. Third, obese children lack movement. The final hypothesis is confirmed. The thesis will be provided as an information source for public, mostly for parents and teachers. All obtained information is hoped to be used for increasing interest in prevention of childhood obesity.

Introduction: It has been observed that the adoption of Health Risk Behaviors (HRB), such as alcohol consumption, tobacco use, low fruit consumption, exposure to sedentary behavior and insufficient level of physical activity, potentiate health threats when together, suggesting monitoring studies. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of multiple health risk behaviors and their association with insufficient physical activity and economic and demographic factors in adolescents in Sergipe. Methods: This study is an analysis of two cross-sectional epidemiological surveys conducted in 2011 and 2016, with a representative sample of students from the State Public Network of Sergipe, composed of 7145 schoolchildren (2011 = 3528, 2016 = 3617) , aged between 14 and 19 years. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Due to the number of variables and analyzes, we chose to present two studies. In the first, HBR multiple exposure was used as a dependent variable, which was obtained from the sum of the 4 HRB (alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, low fruit consumption and insufficient levels of physical activity). It was used the analysis of observed and expected prevalences to identify the simultaneity of health risk behaviors, as well as Poisson regression for the association. In the second study, the outcome variable was the insufficient level of physical activity and its association with multiple CRS (alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, low fruit consumption and exposure to sedentary behavior) was analyzed. For this study, the crude and adjusted binary logistic regression was used for the association between the outcome and other HRB, as well as the demographic and socioeconomic variables. Results: In the first study, the prevalence of multiple health risk behaviors increased in adolescence and were associated with night shift (PR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06) and family income (PR = 1, 05, 95% CI 1.02-1.07). In the second study, the percentage of adolescents exposed to insufficient physical activity was 83% and were associated with female (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.56-2.32), night shift (OR = 1, 25, 95% CI 1.01-1.56), family income (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.28-1.86) and multiple CRS exposure (2 HRB OR = 1.76, 95% CI, 27-2,45). Conclusions: There was evidence of changes in multiple HRB exposure in adolescence from 2011 to 2016. It was also noticed that multiple health risk behaviors associated with insufficient levels of physical activity. More comprehensive actions are suggested with multidisciplinary strategies to reduce exposure to multiple health risk behaviors among young people, especially women. / Introdução: Tem se observado que a adoção aos Comportamentos de Riscos à Saúde (CRS) tais como: consumo de álcool, uso de tabaco, baixo consumo de frutas, exposição ao comportamento sedentário e nível insuficiente de atividade física, potencializam as ameaças à saúde quando atuam conjuntamente, sugerindo estudos de monitoramento. Objetivo: Investigar as prevalências dos múltiplos comportamentos de riscos à saúde e sua associação com nível insuficiente de atividade física e fatores econômicos e demográficos em adolescentes de Sergipe. Métodos: Este estudo trata-se de uma análise de dois levantamentos epidemiológicos com delineamentos transversais, realizados em 2011 e 2016, com uma amostra representativa de estudantes da Rede Pública Estadual de Sergipe, composta por 7145 escolares (2011=3528; 2016=3617), com idade entre 14 e 19 anos. Os dados foram coletados mediante questionário auto administrado. Em decorrência da quantidade de variáveis e análises, optou-se por apresentar dois estudos. No primeiro, a exposição aos múltiplos CRS foi utilizado como variável dependente, que foi obtido a partir do somatório dos 4 CRS (consumo de álcool, tabaco, baixo consumo de frutas e níveis insuficientes de atividade física). Recorreu-se à análise das prevalências observadas e esperadas para identificar a simultaneidade dos comportamentos de riscos à saúde, assim como, a regressão de Poisson para a associação. No segundo estudo, a variável desfecho foi o nível insuficiente de atividade física e foi analisado a sua associação com os múltiplos CRS (consumo de álcool, tabaco, baixo consumo de frutas e exposição a comportamento sedentário). Para este estudo utilizou-se a regressão logística binária bruta e ajustada para a associação entre o desfecho e outros CRS, assim como, as variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Resultados: No primeiro estudo as prevalências dos múltiplos comportamentos de riscos à saúde aumentaram na adolescência e mostraram-se associados com turno noturno (RP= 1,04; IC95% 1,02-1,06) e renda familiar (RP=1,05; IC95% 1,02-1,07). No segundo estudo o percentual de adolescentes expostos ao nível insuficiente de atividade física foi 83% e mostraram-se associados com o sexo feminino (OR= 1,90 IC95% 1,56-2,32), renda familiar (OR= 1,57; IC95% 1,28-1,86) e exposição à múltiplos CRS (2 CRS OR=1,76; IC95% 1,27-2,45). Conclusões: Foi evidenciado mudanças na exposição dos múltiplos CRS na adolescência de 2011 para 2016. Também foi percebido que, os múltiplos comportamentos de riscos à saúde associaram à níveis insuficientes de atividade física. Sugerem-se ações mais abrangentes com estratégias multidisciplinares para reduzir à exposição de múltiplos comportamentos de riscos à saúde entre os jovens, em especial, no sexo feminino. / São Cristóvão, SE

La survie des Primates Non Humains (PNHs) est menacée par les activités humaines et les maladies infectieuses. Pour contribuer à leur conservation au Gabon, plusieurs structures dont les sanctuaires et centres de primatologie ont été mises en place. Cependant, si la gestion des risques sanitaires n’est pas prise en compte et les conditions d’accompagnement réglementées, ces structures qui visent la sauvegarde des PNHs pourraient constituer de véritables carrefours d’échanges de parasites entre espèces de PNH, Homme et/ou microfaune. Ainsi, pour mieux comprendre la nature et l’ampleur du problème, notre travail de thèse avait pour but d’évaluer les risques sanitaires et zoonotiques chez des groupes d’hôtes de deux (2) sanctuaires et d’un (1) centre de primatologie au Sud-est du Gabon. En combinant les études épidémiologiques sur le terrain à la fois chez l’Homme et l’animal, le séquençage, les analyses phylogénétiques ainsi que la modélisation statistique, nos travaux se sont attelés à comprendre (i) la circulation d’agents infectieux entre espèces et (ii) les stratégies parasitaires dans ces nouveaux contextes de communautés créés par les activités humaines. Nous nous sommes intéressés à trois (3) modèles parasitaires, à savoir ; un (1) procaryote (Staphylococcus aureus) et deux (2) eucaryotes dont un agent pathogène à transmission vectorielle (Plasmodium spp) et un groupe viral à transmission directe ou indirecte (paramyxovirus). Nos résultats révèlent une grande diversité plasmodiale circulant chez les PNHs (9 espèces) et montrent que la spécificité d’hôtes observée jusqu’à présent en milieu naturel est rompue. Si aucun plasmodium simien n’a été trouvé chez l’Homme, le spectre d’hôtes de P. falciparum s’agrandit avec sa mise en évidence pour la première fois chez le Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx). Nos résultats révèlent également une large diversité génétique de Stahylococcus aureus composée de souches généralistes et spécialistes, la circulation de souches SARM (S. aureus résistant à la méticilline) principalement via les souches généralistes, entre groupes d’hôtes traités et non traités aux antibiotiques et décrivent quinze (15) nouvelles souches. Pour les paramyxovirus, aucune infection n’a été identifiée mais la question du patron de circulation épidémique ou endémique est posée. En conclusion, cette étude montre que dans ces structures (i) les conditions écologiques de franchissement inter-espèces des parasites sont réunies et (ii) que ces dernières permettent le développement d’infections encore jamais observées en milieu naturel. Ces conditions de promiscuité entre espèces favorisent la sélection d’espèces parasitaires à large spectre d’hôtes (i.e., généralistes) mais aussi l’occurrence de souches bactériennes résistantes à la méticilline qui se propagent via la communautarisation des parasites, notamment dans la microfaune interagissant avec les PNHs traités aux antibiotiques ou à partir de l’Homme / The survival of Non-human Primates (NHPs) is threatened by human activities and infectious diseases. To participate in their conservation in Gabon, several facilities among which sanctuaries and the Centre De Primatologie (CDP) of the Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) have been created. However, if the management of health risks is not taken into account and the supportive conditions are not regulated, these facilities which aim to preserve NHPs could become real crossroads for the transmission of parasites between NHP species, humans and/or microfauna. Therefore, to better understand the nature and the extent of the problem, our thesis work aimed to evaluate the health and zoonotic risks in groups of hosts from two (2) sanctuaries and one (1) primatology center in the south-east of Gabon. By combining epidemiological studies on the field both in humans and animals, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses as well as statistical modelling, our work aimed to understand (i) the circulation of infectious agents between species and (ii) the parasitic strategies in the new context of these communities created by human activities. We focused on three (3) parasitic models, namely: one (1) prokaryote (Staphylococcus aureus) and two (2) eukaryotes among which one pathogenic agent with vectorial transmission (Plasmodium spp) and a viral group with direct or indirect transmission (paramyxovirus). Our results highlight a great plasmodial diversity circulating in NHPs (9 species) and show that the specificity of hosts observed up until now in their natural habitat is broken. No simian plasmodium was found in humans, however the specter of hosts of P. falciparum grows with the new addition of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). Our results also reveal a large genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus composed of general and specialized strains, the circulation of SARM strains (S. aureus resistant to methicillin) mainly via the general strains, between groups of treated and non-treated hosts to antibiotics. Fifteen (15) new strains are described. Regarding paramyxoviruses, no infection was identified but we raise the question of epidemic or endemic circulation models. To conclude, this study shows that in these facilities (i) the ecological conditions required for inter-species crossing of parasites are gathered and (ii) these conditions allow the development of infections previously never observed in the natural environment. These conditions of promiscuity between species favor the selection of parasitic species with a large specter of hosts (i.e., generalists) but also the occurrence of bacterial strains resistant to methicillin which spread via the communitarisation of parasites, especially in microfauna interacting with NHPs treated with antibiotics or humans

Magister Public Health - MPH / Avian Influenza (AI) is a contagious viral zoonotic disease with great public health implications and negative socioeconomic impact (WHO, 2006a). The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection is transmitted from birds to man mostly through contact with contaminated poultry and objects (INFOSAN, 2005), hence people who come in contact with birds such as live bird sellers (LBS) are the more vulnerable population (WHO, 2006a). Inadequate knowledge of AI health risks and poor practice of AI preventive measures amongst LBS increases the risk of spread of the infection in both humans and animals.The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and practice of LBS with regards to avian influenza health risks and preventive activities in Agege, an urban area in Lagos State, Nigeria. / South Africa

Five chemicals indigenous to the dental office environment that may cause toxic effects are formaldehyde, phenol, acrylic, mercury, and nitrous oxide. These chemicals create abnormal stress on physiological and psychological systems of the body resulting in symptomatology and pathology when the body defenses can no longer maintain homeostasis by adaptation. This study demonstrated serious behavioral consequences of chemical and heavy metal exposure. This study provided evidence that a significant percentage of dental office personnel who are exposed to the dental office chemicals show psycho neurological dysfunction. It was concluded that these individuals suffer adverse reactions to the chemicals in their work environment. The problem areas included perceptual motor difficulty in cognitive functioning, concern with bodily functions, despondency, and interpersonal problems.