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This article analyzes the essential obligations arising on safety and health at work with regard to the parent company in a scheme of productive decentralization, which is characterized in our midst by the widespread use of labor intermediation and outsourcing services both modalities recognized and regulated by Peruvian law. / El presente artículo analizará las obligaciones esenciales que surgen en materia de seguridad y salud en el trabajo respecto de la empresa principal en un esquema de descentralización productiva, el cual se caracteriza en nuestro medio por el empleo difundido de la intermediación laboral y la tercerización de servicios, ambas modalidades reconocidas y reguladas por la legislación peruana.

Na indústria da construção, as quedas de altura constituem-se em um dos tipos mais frequentes de acidentes graves. Alguns fatores contribuem para essas quedas, entre os quais se destacam a falta de qualificação dos trabalhadores, restrições de leiaute e a falta de barreiras de proteção contra quedas. Embora o uso de sistemas temporários de proteção periférica (SPP) seja uma medida importante para prevenir as quedas de altura em canteiros de obras, a literatura não apresenta um conjunto abrangente de requisitos para esses sistemas. As normas de segurança e saúde no trabalho na construção civil, tanto no Brasil como no exterior, apresentam vários requisitos aos quais os SPP devem atender. Contudo, a maioria destes requisitos são relacionados somente à resistência estrutural e à configuração geométrica, negligenciando a eficiência e flexibilidade dos mesmos, bem como não tratam dos processos de montagem e desmontagem. As limitações nos requisitos considerados em diversas fontes e a falta de métodos para verificar a conformidade dos SPP aos requisitos das normas (e outros requisitos relevantes) criam dificuldades para as partes interessadas, tais como órgãos governamentais de fiscalização, empresas construtoras, e os próprios operários encarregados pela execução dos SPP. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um conjunto de requisitos de desempenho para sistemas temporários de proteção periférica. Estes requisitos foram identificados a partir de várias fontes de evidencia, tais como regulamentos, observações diretas de operações de montagem e desmontagem dos SPP em obras, análise de projetos de SPP, e entrevistas com especialistas. Deste modo, foi identificado um conjunto de 33 requisitos: 15 relativos à segurança, 12 à eficiência e 6 à flexibilidade. Com base nos referidos requisitos, foram avaliados 9 tipos de SPP, em 26 canteiros de obra. Estes SPP foram agrupados em três categorias de acordo com os materiais constituintes: metálicos, madeira e mistos. As principais contribuições deste estudo referem-se ao desenvolvimento de um conjunto amplo de requisitos, à análise das relações entre estes requisitos, indicando se estes podem reforçar-se mutuamente ou estar em conflito, e a proposição de um protocolo que torna claro as premissas adotadas em cada etapa da avaliação. / In the construction industry falls from height are one of the most frequent types of serious accidents. There are a number of factors that contribute for such falls, such as the lack of training for workers, layout constraints, and the lack of fall protection barriers. Although the use of temporary edge protection systems (TEPS) is an important measure to prevent falls from height in construction sites, the literature does not present a comprehensive set of requirements for those systems. Safety and health standards in construction, both in Brazil and abroad, have several requirements to which the SPP should meet. However, most of those standards are limited to structural strength and geometric configuration requirements, neglecting efficiency and flexibility, as well as do not address the assembly and disassembly processes. The limitations of requirements considered in several sources, and the lack of methods to verify the conformance of TEPS to the requirements established in standards (and other relevant requirements) create difficulties for stakeholders, such as government supervisory bodies, construction companies, and the workforce involved in the installation of TEPS. The aim of this study is to propose a set of performance requirements for temporary edge protection systems. These requirements have been identified from various sources, such as standards, direct observation od assembly and disassembly operations, analysis of TEPS design, and interviews with specialists. Thus, a set of 33 requirements were identified: 15 related to safety, 12 to efficiency and 6 to flexibility. Based on those requirements 9 TEPS solutions were evaluated in 26 construction sites. Those solutions were divided into three categories according to the materials used: metal, wood and mixed. The main contributions of this investigation refers to the development of a broad set of requirements, the analysis of the relationships between those requirements, indicating that these can either reinforce each other or be in conflict, and the proposal of a protocol that makes it clear the assumptions made at each evaluation stage.

La clinique du travail révèle, chez le chercheur, une souffrance — liée aux rivalités, aux rapports de domination, à l’engagement subjectif nécessaire à l’exercice de l’intelligence pratique — et le déni de cette dimension subjective. Le rapport entre conformité et originalité est problématisé via le travail d’objectivation et la thèse d’une subjectivité conformée par ce travail d’objectivation. La pratique scientifique est approchée par les modèles proposés par la sociologie des sciences, eux-mêmes discutés à partir d’une étude de cas fondée sur une intervention en psychodynamique du travail dans une institution de recherche. A partir d’une double discussion, avec la sociologie des sciences et avec la psychodynamique du travail, il apparaît que les pratiques stratégiques occupent une grande part de l’activité scientifique. Elles exposent les chercheurs à une souffrance, qui les conduit à adopter des stratégies de défense objectivistes. Les incidences des dispositifs d’évaluation sur l’évolution du métier de la recherche, les modes de reconnaissance et les modalités de la créativité sont analysées en tenant compte de la question de la santé. Nous regardons pour cela le chercheur en tant que collectif, dans un collectif et dans son organisation de travail. / The clinical investigation of work concerning the activities of researchers reveals suffering linked to the rivalries, to the relationships of domination, to the subjective commitment necessary for the use of the practical intelligence; and the negation of this subjective one. The relation between conformity and originality is addressed by the work of objectification and the thesis of a subjectivity conformed by this work. The scientific practice is approached by the models of the sociology of sciences, themselves discussed from a study case based on an investigation by the method of psychodynamic of work in a scientific institution. From a double discussion, with the sociology of science and the psychodynamic of work, the strategic activity seems to be a large part of the researchers’ one. They are exposed to a suffering that leads them to adopt some objectivistic defenses. The incidences of the evaluation methods on the evolution of researcher’s activity, on the modalities of recognition and on the creativity are analyzed by considering the issue of the health. So we consider the researcher as a collective entity, in a collective unit and with his organization of work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5113.pdf: 9124310 bytes, checksum: d2aa3ac85aa68651d6a9cd007b7a8a29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In the context of the construction industry today, it is noted that there are a lot of accidents at work, making it thus very dangerous. In order to minimize the consequences of these accidents occurred and the quantities we seek to develop with this study the diagnostic use of Collective Protection Systems (CPS) used in the construction sites in the region of São Carlos focusing in more depth in the system guardrail and footer and platforms protection. Through a network of collaborative research It was elaborated a checklist, based on the normative references have been studied mainly in NR 18 - Conditions and working environment in the construction industry, to evaluate the use of CPS at construction sites. In order to improve the checklist developed was applied in a pilot study and, based on the results obtained, we could make suggestions for improvement. Then began the case studies belonging to the region of São Carlos contemplating nine construction sites. The case studies spread to close cities in the region, as Ribeirão Preto, Jaboticabal and Limeira. After application of the list in the eight sites, we elaborated a list summary and from there, was analyzed the data using photographic records and graphics. The average percentage care of the checklist was 79%, thus showing that many normative items were met, but there is a percentage to improvement of sites in the study region. Finally, after diagnosis the use of CPS drew up guidelines for the choice and use of CPS specific system guardrail and footer and protection platform. Furthermore, it was noted that the lack of use or incorrect use of the CPS at construction sites, often does not occur by technological problems, but by failures in administrative directives or inspection existing in the industry. / No contexto da indústria da construção civil atual, nota-se que há uma grande quantidade de acidentes de trabalho, que a torna, desta forma, muito perigosa. Visando minimizar as consequências destes acidentes e as quantidades ocorridas, busca-se desenvolver com este trabalho o diagnóstico do uso dos Sistemas de Proteção Coletiva (SPC) utilizados nos canteiros de obras da região de São Carlos, focando de forma mais aprofundada no sistema guarda-corpo e rodapé e nas plataformas de proteção. Por meio de um trabalho em rede de pesquisa colaborativa, foi elaborada uma lista de verificação, baseada nas referências normativas estudadas, principalmente na NR 18 - Condições e meio ambiente de trabalho na indústria da construção, para avaliar o uso dos SPC nos canteiros de obras. No intuito de aprimorar a lista desenvolvida aplicou-se a mesma em estudo piloto, para que com base nos resultados obtidos, fossem feitas sugestões de melhoria. Em seguida, iniciaram-se os estudos de caso pertencentes à região de São Carlos, englobando nove obras. Os estudos de casos estenderam às cidades próximas da região, como Ribeirão Preto, Jaboticabal e Limeira. Após a aplicação da lista em oito obras, elaborou-se uma lista resumo e, a partir dela, analisaram-se os dados através de registros fotográficos e gráficos. O percentual médio de atendimento aos itens da lista de verificação foi de 79%, mostrando, assim, que muitos itens normativos foram atendidos, porém há ainda um percentual de melhoria nos canteiros da região estudada. Por fim, após o diagnóstico do uso dos SPC, elaboraram-se diretrizes para a escolha e uso dos SPC específicos, sistema guarda-corpo e rodapé (GcR) e plataforma de proteção. Além disso, notou-se que a falta de uso ou o uso incorreto dos SPC nos canteiros de obras, muitas vezes, não ocorre por problemas tecnológicos, mas sim por falhas nas diretrizes administrativas ou na fiscalização existente no setor.

Na indústria da construção, as quedas de altura constituem-se em um dos tipos mais frequentes de acidentes graves. Alguns fatores contribuem para essas quedas, entre os quais se destacam a falta de qualificação dos trabalhadores, restrições de leiaute e a falta de barreiras de proteção contra quedas. Embora o uso de sistemas temporários de proteção periférica (SPP) seja uma medida importante para prevenir as quedas de altura em canteiros de obras, a literatura não apresenta um conjunto abrangente de requisitos para esses sistemas. As normas de segurança e saúde no trabalho na construção civil, tanto no Brasil como no exterior, apresentam vários requisitos aos quais os SPP devem atender. Contudo, a maioria destes requisitos são relacionados somente à resistência estrutural e à configuração geométrica, negligenciando a eficiência e flexibilidade dos mesmos, bem como não tratam dos processos de montagem e desmontagem. As limitações nos requisitos considerados em diversas fontes e a falta de métodos para verificar a conformidade dos SPP aos requisitos das normas (e outros requisitos relevantes) criam dificuldades para as partes interessadas, tais como órgãos governamentais de fiscalização, empresas construtoras, e os próprios operários encarregados pela execução dos SPP. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um conjunto de requisitos de desempenho para sistemas temporários de proteção periférica. Estes requisitos foram identificados a partir de várias fontes de evidencia, tais como regulamentos, observações diretas de operações de montagem e desmontagem dos SPP em obras, análise de projetos de SPP, e entrevistas com especialistas. Deste modo, foi identificado um conjunto de 33 requisitos: 15 relativos à segurança, 12 à eficiência e 6 à flexibilidade. Com base nos referidos requisitos, foram avaliados 9 tipos de SPP, em 26 canteiros de obra. Estes SPP foram agrupados em três categorias de acordo com os materiais constituintes: metálicos, madeira e mistos. As principais contribuições deste estudo referem-se ao desenvolvimento de um conjunto amplo de requisitos, à análise das relações entre estes requisitos, indicando se estes podem reforçar-se mutuamente ou estar em conflito, e a proposição de um protocolo que torna claro as premissas adotadas em cada etapa da avaliação. / In the construction industry falls from height are one of the most frequent types of serious accidents. There are a number of factors that contribute for such falls, such as the lack of training for workers, layout constraints, and the lack of fall protection barriers. Although the use of temporary edge protection systems (TEPS) is an important measure to prevent falls from height in construction sites, the literature does not present a comprehensive set of requirements for those systems. Safety and health standards in construction, both in Brazil and abroad, have several requirements to which the SPP should meet. However, most of those standards are limited to structural strength and geometric configuration requirements, neglecting efficiency and flexibility, as well as do not address the assembly and disassembly processes. The limitations of requirements considered in several sources, and the lack of methods to verify the conformance of TEPS to the requirements established in standards (and other relevant requirements) create difficulties for stakeholders, such as government supervisory bodies, construction companies, and the workforce involved in the installation of TEPS. The aim of this study is to propose a set of performance requirements for temporary edge protection systems. These requirements have been identified from various sources, such as standards, direct observation od assembly and disassembly operations, analysis of TEPS design, and interviews with specialists. Thus, a set of 33 requirements were identified: 15 related to safety, 12 to efficiency and 6 to flexibility. Based on those requirements 9 TEPS solutions were evaluated in 26 construction sites. Those solutions were divided into three categories according to the materials used: metal, wood and mixed. The main contributions of this investigation refers to the development of a broad set of requirements, the analysis of the relationships between those requirements, indicating that these can either reinforce each other or be in conflict, and the proposal of a protocol that makes it clear the assumptions made at each evaluation stage.

In our legal system, fundamental rights to life and health of workers are important legallyprotected goods that cannot be disregarded. Therefore, the State and the   employers must put special emphasis on health and security surveillance of workers to prevent that employment relationships become an obstacle or a violation of such rights.In light of these precepts, the author makes an analysis of the protection given to these fundamental rights in our country. Basing on comparative legislation, she poses general concepts of  the State’s and the  employer´s responsibility of health and security surveillance of workers, allowing her to conclude that our system has still to confront many challenges in the path to achieve effective protection and enforcement of therights at stake. / En nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, los derechos fundamentales a la vida y la salud delos trabajadores son dos bienes jurídicos importantes y no pueden ser desconocidos. Por ello, el Estado y los empleadores deben poner especial énfasis en la vigilancia de la salud yseguridad de los trabajadores para evitar que la relación laboral sea un obstáculo o una violación de tales derechos.A la luz de ello, la autora hace un análisis de la protección de dichos derechos fundamentales en el ámbito laboral en nuestro país. Haciendo uso de legislación comparada,  presenta los conceptos generales de la vigilancia de la salud de los trabajadores y las responsabilidades del Estado y de los empleadores, permitiéndole concluir que nuestro ordenamiento aún tiene muchos retos para poder lograr una real protección y vigencia de los valores puestos en riesgo.

The diploma thesis deals with preparation and implementation of an OHS audit in the industrial enterprise. In the theoretical part, contemporary trends in OHS are described and then attention is kept to the occupational safety, including injury rate in Czech republic and new requirements for occupational health and safety management system according to standard ČSN ISO 45001:2018. In the practical part, company FORTEX – AGS, a.s. is introduced, especially department of transport and mechanization, where was safety audit executed. Then there is assessed occupational health and safety management systém introduced, first by analyzing this system and then by internal audit OHS, in which were requirements new standard ČSN ISO 45001:2018 accounted. At the last part, recommendations are proposed to improvement of occupational health and safety management system and obtaining certificate ČSN ISO 45001:2018.

The aim of this diploma thesis is a basic overview of system safety audit in the industrial enterprises with the application and evaluation of methodology of self audit in an industrial enterprises processed according to the Self-Audit Handbook for SMEs designed for small to medium-sized enterprises and to recommend measures to improve the occupational safety and health system.

El presente trabajo consiste en un plan de negocios para la comercialización de un aplicativo móvil de entrenamiento en realidad aumentada para Prevención de Riesgos a través de los Smartphones y iPhone en la ciudad de Lima. La validación de la propuesta se obtuvo en base a entrevistas a líderes de opinión y encuestas a los colaboradores que oscilan entre los 18 y 60 años, además, se realizó el análisis de la segmentación del mercado donde se logró determinar cuántas empresas se pueden beneficiar con el APP. Por consiguiente, se realizó la segmentación y la delimitación del mercado objetivo. Por ello, se determinó que el mercado objetivo es el sector industrial con el segmento empresarial Gran y Mediana empresa que representa el 0.99% del total de empresas de Lima Metropolitana. Se ha decidido captar al 2.33% del total de empresas industriales identificadas. Con relación a las estrategias de marketing, cabe señalar que el canal de distribución será directo, a través de vendedores propios y también por canales digitales. Con esta propuesta, se espera que el APP de entrenamiento en realidad aumentada para Prevención de Riesgos en un mediano plazo se convierta en líder del mercado de capacitaciones en RA con alto manejo de flexibilidad en el tiempo y eficiencia. Para el inicio del proyecto se requiere una inversión inicial de S/.63,936.00, con préstamo bancario de 70% y un aporte de capital de 30%. Se estima obtener un VAN de s/. 750, 111 con valor de TIR de 50%. / This paper is a business plan for the marketing of a mobile application for augmented reality training in risk prevention through smartphones in the city of Lima. The proposal was validated by interviews to opinion leaders and surveys to people aged 18 to 60 years. In addition, a market segmentation analysis was performed to determine how many companies could benefit from the app. Through market segmentation and definition, it was determined that the target market is large and medium-sized enterprises of the industrial sector, which represent 0.99% of the total number in Lima Metropolitan Area. It was decided to target 2.33% of the enterprises identified. As regards marketing strategies, the distribution channel will be direct, through sellers and digital channels. With this proposal, the app for augmented reality training in risk prevention is expected to become a market leader in AR training in the medium term, offering high time flexibility and efficiency. To execute the Project, an initial investment of PEN 63,936.00 is required, which will be obtained through bank loan (70%) and capital contribution (30%). It is estimated to achieve a NPV of PEN 750,111 with an IRR of 50%. / Trabajo de investigación