Awareness and knowledge of the different transmission modes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) serves as a vital component of the efforts to prevent the spread of HIV. This quantitative descriptive cross sectional study was conducted with 99 learners from three public schools for learners with hearing impairment in KwaZulu- Natal (KZN). Data was collected via a self-designed questionnaire and analysed via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Recommendations based on the findings of poor levels of knowledge of transmission modes of HIV were made to motivate for greater awareness amongst these vulnerable learners / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Thesis (MAud (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Over the past decade an increasing number of learners with cochlear implants have been placed in mainstream settings in South Africa (Müller & Wagenfeld, 2003). The aim of the present study was to describe possible factors that influence the initial grade 1 school placement as well as subsequent changes in placement of learners with cochlear implants. Data collection consisted of a retrospective record review of the children implanted at the Tygerberg Hospital-University of Stellenbosch Cochlear Implant Unit and a questionnaire aimed at assessing parental perceptions regarding the basis of grade 1 school placement for their children. The record review incorporated children implanted in 1988, the year of inception of the unit and included the most recently implanted children who have already started grade 1. Results of the 47 participants indicated that multiple factors influenced the selection of grade 1 school placement. Recommendations by professionals and parental preference were the most important determinants in the selection process. The mainstreamed learners were implanted at a much younger age than the learners placed in special school settings and therefore had a longer duration of implant use at the start of grade 1. Subsequent to grade 1 placement, the number of learners in mainstream placement, increased from 55% to 70%. The aspects identified in the study could be utilised when counselling parents during the school placement decision making process. Long term monitoring of the academic achievement of these learners needs to be an aim of future research.

Thesis (MAud (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Individuals are increasingly undergoing bilateral cochlear implantation in an attempt to benefit from binaural hearing. The main aim of the present study was to compare the speech recognition of children fitted with bilateral cochlear implants, under binaural and monaural listening conditions, in quiet and in noise. Ten children, ranging in age from 5 years 7 months to 15 years 4 months, were tested using the Children’s Realistic Index for Speech Perception (CRISP). All the children were implanted with Nucleus multi-channel cochlear implant systems in sequential operations and used the ACE coding strategy bilaterally. The duration of cochlear implant use ranged from 4 years to 8 years 11 months for the first implant and 7 months to 3 years 5 months for the second implant. Each child was tested in eight listening conditions, which included testing in the presence and absence of competing speech. Performance with bilateral cochlear implants was not statistically better than performance with the first cochlear implant, for both quiet and noisy listening conditions. A ceiling effect may have resulted in the lack of a significant finding as the scores obtained during unilateral conditions were already close to maximum. A positive correlation between the length of use of the second cochlear implant and speech recognition performance was established. The results of the present study strongly indicated the need for testing paradigms to be devised which are more sensitive and representative of the complex auditory environments in which cochlear implant users communicate.

Thesis (M Speech Path)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Various approaches to the communication-development of the young child with a hearing impairment exist, of which the auditory-verbal approach is one. This approach is based on the principle that the child with a hearingimpairment develops speech- and language skills by using his/her residual hearing that is appropriately strengthened with the use of a hearing aid and/or cochlear implant. One of the most important requirements for the successful application of this approach is the appropriate transfer of the techniques and strategies that is used in institution-based intervention to the child’s home environment. Parents, teachers, speech-language therapists and audiologists are responsible for facilitating the transfer of intervention methods and acquired skills to the home environment and it is important that all team members are aware of his/her own, as well as each other’s roles, in the application of this approach. The principal aim of the proposed research project was to describe and explain the perceptions of parents/caregivers, teachers, speech-language therapists and audiologists, that are involved in the intervention of the hearing impaired child, regarding the auditory-verbal approach to education. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine parents of hearing impaired children younger than the age of four, and with four teachers that are involved in the education of the said children. Lastly, semi-structured interviews were held with four speech-language therapists and two audiologists that are involved in the provision of the intervention to hearing impaired children younger than four years. All the participants were affiliated with a specific centre for children with hearing impairment in the Western Cape province of South Africa. All the participants noted that parents must take part in the decision-making process with regards to the selection of the most suitable communication approach for their child with a hearing loss. Participants also agreed that most parents choose the auditory-verbal approach to communication development of their child because speech as a communication medium, is familiar to them and it is also associated with normality. Parents also indicated that the auditory-verbal approach is the most suitable approach for all children with a hearing loss. Teachers, speech-language therapists and audiologists did not completely agree with the parents as they mentioned some aspects, e.g. the presence of additional disabilities must be taken into account before a decision can be made regarding whether the child with hearing loss could follow the auditory-verbal approach to communication development. All participants displayed a positive attitude towards the auditory-verbal approach and it appears that parents, teachers, speech-language therapists and audiologists have good insight into the principles and outcomes of this approach. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar bestaan verskeie benaderings tot kommunikasie-ontwikkeling by die jong kind met gehoorverlies waarvan die ouditief-verbale benadering een opsie is. Hierdie benadering is gebaseer op die beginsel dat die kind met gehoorverlies spraak- en taalvaardighede ontwikkel deur gebruik te maak van hulle residuele gehoor wat deur middel van die gebruik van ‘n gehoorapparaat en/of kogleêre inplanting toepaslik versterk word. Een van die belangrikste vereistes vir die suksesvolle toepassing van die benadering is toepaslike oordrag van die tegnieke en strategieë wat in terapie gebruik word, na die kind se tuisomgewing. Ouers, onderwysers, spraak-taalterapeute en oudioloë speel ‘n baie belangrike rol om hierdie oordrag na alledaagse kontekste te fassiliteer en dit is belangrik dat elke spanlid bewus is van sy/haar rol asook die ander lede se rolle in die toepassing van die benadering. Die hoofdoelwit van die voorgestelde navorsingsprojek was om ouers/versorgers, onderwyseresse, spraaktaalterapeute en oudioloë, betrokke by die intervensie en opvoeding van die kind met gehoorverlies, se persepsies rakende die ouditief-verbale benadering tot opvoeding te beskryf en te verduidelik. Tydens die studie is daar semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude gevoer met onderskeidelik nege ouers van kinders, jonger as vier-jaar oud, met gehoorgestremdheid en met vier onderwyseresse wat betrokke is by die die opvoeding van genoemde ouers se kinders met gehoorverlies. Laastens is daar ook semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude gevoer met vier spraak-taalterapeute en twee oudioloë wat betrokke is by die verskaffing van intervensie aan kinders met gehoorverlies, jonger as vier-jaar oud. Al die deelnemers was verbonde aan ’n spesifieke sentrum vir kinders met gehoorverlies in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid Afrika. Al die deelnemers het aangedui dat ouers betrek word by die besluitnemingsproses rakende die keuse van die mees geskikte kommunikasie-benadering vir die kind met gehoorverlies. Deelnemers het almal saamgestem dat ouers meestal die ouditief-verbale benadering tot kommunikasie-ontwikkeling vir hulle kind kies omdat spraak as kommunikasiemedium bekend is aan die ouers en verband hou met normaliteit. Ouers het aangedui dat die ouditief-verbale benadering die mees toepaslike benadering is vir enige kind met gehoorverlies. Onderwyseresse, spraak-taalterapeute en oudioloë het nie volkome saam met die ouers gestem nie en hulle het genoem dat daar sekere aspekte, byvoorbeeld die teenwoordigheid van bykomende gestremdhede, is wat oorweeg moet word voor daar besluit word of die kind die ouditief-verbale benadering tot kommunikasieontwikkeling moet volg. Deelnemers het oor die algemeen ‘n positiewe houding getoon teenoor die ouditief-verbale benadering en dit wil voorkom asof ouers, onderwyseresse, spraak-taalterapeute en oudioloë goeie begrip toon van die beginsels en uitkomstes van die benadering.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Filial Therapy training in increasing teachers of deaf and hard of hearing preschool students': 1) empathic responsiveness with their students; 2) communication of acceptance to their students; 3) allowance of self-direction by their students. A second purpose was to determine the effectiveness of Filial Therapy training in reducing experimental group students': 1) overall behavior problems; 2) internalizing behaviors; and 3) externalizing behavior problems. Filial Therapy is a didactic/dynamic modality used by play therapists to train parents and teachers to be therapeutic agents with their children and students. Teachers are taught primary child-centered play therapy skills for use with their own students in weekly play sessions with their students. Teachers learn to create a special environment that enhances and strengthens the teacher-student emotional bond by means of which both teacher and child are assisted in personal growth and change. The experimental group (N=24) consisted of 12 teachers, who participated in 11 weekly Filial Therapy training sessions (22 total instructional hours) during the fall semester at the preschool of a center for communications disorders, and 12 students chosen by the teachers as their student of focus. Teachers and students met once a week during the training for 30 minute teacher student play sessions in a room specified for this purpose. The non-treatment comparison group received no training during the 11 weeks. Teacher participants completed two written instruments: the Child Behavior Checklist/Caregiver-Teacher Report Form and the Meadow-Kendall Social-Emotional Assessment Inventory for Deaf and Hearing Impaired Students. Teachers who received Filial Therapy training were videotaped during student teacher play sessions. The videotaped sessions were used for pretest and posttest evaluation for the Measurement of Empathy in Adult-Child Interaction. Analysis of covariance revealed the children in the experimental group significantly decreased overall behavior problems. Teachers in the experimental group increased communication of empathy with their students of focus, significantly increased their attitude of acceptance with their students, and significantly increased in their ability to allow the students appropriate self-direction. This study supports Filial Therapy as an effective method of training teachers of deaf and hard of hearing preschool children to be therapeutic agents of change with their students.

Awareness and knowledge of the different transmission modes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) serves as a vital component of the efforts to prevent the spread of HIV. This quantitative descriptive cross sectional study was conducted with 99 learners from three public schools for learners with hearing impairment in KwaZulu- Natal (KZN). Data was collected via a self-designed questionnaire and analysed via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Recommendations based on the findings of poor levels of knowledge of transmission modes of HIV were made to motivate for greater awareness amongst these vulnerable learners / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edlene Jovita Silva Ralo.pdf: 1108969 bytes, checksum: 3d6fc84258dd6edcdcbc5ced87d52c51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: Management of health services has been thoroughly discussed in the literature related to quality standards and client satisfaction. However, very few publications discuss the issue in the Field of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology. Recent publication of Hearing Health Policy in Brazil have raised the need for measurements of quality of the services, aiming at planning, organization and coordination of activities resulting in better services. Goal: The goal of the present study is to describe and discuss processes related to quality services, in particular, time spent in the waiting room, duration of services, an process of scheduling appointments in a Hearing Health Service of High Complexity, specialized in children from birth to three years of age. Method: Three typical periods of diagnostic and hearing aid selection and adaptation of the Centro de Audição na Criança/Derdic were selected. Data collection lasted for nine months, and was obtained through: Schedules for each Day, Patient-flow chart, Children s files and floor plan of the Center. Results: Medical consultation and Visual Response Audiometry - VRA were the most frequently performed procedures, 871 of the 2617 procedures performed. 37% of the families arrive at the service at least two hours ahead of scheduled. The mean length of consult was 2 hours and 13 minutes. There was an increase of one hour when ABR was performed. Professionals were not reliable in adding information related to time of departure (only 47% of the total). Conclusion: The results allowed for a thorough understanding of the processes involved in the daily routine of exams for diagnostic process and hearing aid selection and adaptation in a High complexity service of Hearing Health. The complexity of a service with multiple procedures is difficult to register, but the information provided can bring significant improvement in the quality of the processes. The need for greater involvement of speech pathologists and audiologists in quality management is emphasized, regarding its implications for the implementation of the Hearing Health System / Introduction: Management of health services has been thoroughly discussed in the literature related to quality standards and client satisfaction. However, very few publications discuss the issue in the Field of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology. Recent publication of Hearing Health Policy in Brazil have raised the need for measurements of quality of the services, aiming at planning, organization and coordination of activities resulting in better services. Goal: The goal of the present study is to describe and discuss processes related to quality services, in particular, time spent in the waiting room, duration of services, an process of scheduling appointments in a Hearing Health Service of High Complexity, specialized in children from birth to three years of age. Method: Three typical periods of diagnostic and hearing aid selection and adaptation of the Centro de Audição na Criança/Derdic were selected. Data collection lasted for nine months, and was obtained through: Schedules for each Day, Patient-flow chart, Children s files and floor plan of the Center. Results: Medical consultation and Visual Response Audiometry - VRA were the most frequently performed procedures, 871 of the 2617 procedures performed. 37% of the families arrive at the service at least two hours ahead of scheduled. The mean length of consult was 2 hours and 13 minutes. There was an increase of one hour when ABR was performed. Professionals were not reliable in adding information related to time of departure (only 47% of the total). Conclusion: The results allowed for a thorough understanding of the processes involved in the daily routine of exams for diagnostic process and hearing aid selection and adaptation in a High complexity service of Hearing Health. The complexity of a service with multiple procedures is difficult to register, but the information provided can bring significant improvement in the quality of the processes. The need for greater involvement of speech pathologists and audiologists in quality management is emphasized, regarding its implications for the implementation of the Hearing Health System / Introdução: Muito se tem dito e escrito, em todas as áreas, sobre gestão de serviços, indicadores de qualidade e satisfação dos clientes. Poucos estudos têm discutido essa temática na Fonoaudiologia. Assim, medir qualidade em serviços de saúde é imprescindível para o planejamento, organização e coordenação das atividades desenvolvidas, sendo o escopo dessa medição a busca por melhorias. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar processos envolvidos na qualidade do serviço - agendamento, espera e permanência - prestado em um centro de saúde auditiva de alta complexidade cuja demanda são bebês e crianças até os três anos de idade com risco para perda auditiva ou que já possuem esse diagnóstico. Método: Foram selecionados três períodos semanais com rotinas semelhantes dos serviços de Diagnóstico e Seleção e Adaptação de AASI do Centro de Audição na Criança. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante nove meses. Os dados foram coletados por meio de quatro instrumentos: Agenda do CeAC, Quadro fluxo de procedimentos por pacientes no dia, Prontuários dos pacientes e Formulário de Seleção e Adaptação de Aparelhos de Amplificação Sonora Individual (SUS) e Mapa dos espaços. Resultados: Na distribuição de procedimentos dos serviços de Diagnóstico e Seleção e Adaptação de AASI a consulta otorrinolaringológica e o exame VRA são os procedimentos mais realizados, totalizando em 871 exames. Verificou-se que 37% do público alvo chega ao local do atendimento com mais de duas horas de antecedência. O tempo médio de permanência dos pacientes durante o atendimento é de 02h:13m. Houve um aumento de uma hora em média quando PEATE era realizado. Os fonoaudiólogos não aderiram ao preenchimento das colunas sobre o horário de saída dos pacientes em 47% dos registros. Conclusão: Os resultados permitiram compreender melhor sobre a rotina de um serviço de saúde auditiva, o funcionamento de um cenário com complexidade na multiplicidade de atendimentos e as dificuldades em registrar. Ressaltamos, então, a necessidade dos profissionais da saúde, principalmente os fonoaudiólogos se inteirar cada vez mais sobre os aspectos de gestão de serviços e contribuir com a Rede de Saúde Auditiva / Introdução: Muito se tem dito e escrito, em todas as áreas, sobre gestão de serviços, indicadores de qualidade e satisfação dos clientes. Poucos estudos têm discutido essa temática na Fonoaudiologia. Assim, medir qualidade em serviços de saúde é imprescindível para o planejamento, organização e coordenação das atividades desenvolvidas, sendo o escopo dessa medição a busca por melhorias. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar processos envolvidos na qualidade do serviço - agendamento, espera e permanência - prestado em um centro de saúde auditiva de alta complexidade cuja demanda são bebês e crianças até os três anos de idade com risco para perda auditiva ou que já possuem esse diagnóstico. Método: Foram selecionados três períodos semanais com rotinas semelhantes dos serviços de Diagnóstico e Seleção e Adaptação de AASI do Centro de Audição na Criança. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante nove meses. Os dados foram coletados por meio de quatro instrumentos: Agenda do CeAC, Quadro fluxo de procedimentos por pacientes no dia, Prontuários dos pacientes e Formulário de Seleção e Adaptação de Aparelhos de Amplificação Sonora Individual (SUS) e Mapa dos espaços. Resultados: Na distribuição de procedimentos dos serviços de Diagnóstico e Seleção e Adaptação de AASI a consulta otorrinolaringológica e o exame VRA são os procedimentos mais realizados, totalizando em 871 exames. Verificou-se que 37% do público alvo chega ao local do atendimento com mais de duas horas de antecedência. O tempo médio de permanência dos pacientes durante o atendimento é de 02h:13m. Houve um aumento de uma hora em média quando PEATE era realizado. Os fonoaudiólogos não aderiram ao preenchimento das colunas sobre o horário de saída dos pacientes em 47% dos registros. Conclusão: Os resultados permitiram compreender melhor sobre a rotina de um serviço de saúde auditiva, o funcionamento de um cenário com complexidade na multiplicidade de atendimentos e as dificuldades em registrar. Ressaltamos, então, a necessidade dos profissionais da saúde, principalmente os fonoaudiólogos se inteirar cada vez mais sobre os aspectos de gestão de serviços e contribuir com a Rede de Saúde Auditiva

This study examined the interrelationships among English language structures (phonological knowledge, morphological knowledge, silent word reading fluency) and reading comprehension in a group of 45 deaf and hard of hearing students in grades 3 to 8, taking into account their demographic characteristics. Simple Pearson correlations, multiple regression analyses, and an independent samples t test were used in this study. Results indicated that morphological knowledge was the significant variable positively associated with reading comprehension over and beyond the other predictors (phonological knowledge and silent word reading fluency) and the demographic covariates (home language, age, and gender).

An alternating treatment design was used to systematically evaluate the communication response forms, picture exchange communication system (PECS) or sign language, selection for a child with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, profound hearing loss, and cochlear implants. The child had a limited pool of high preference items and very few functional skills. Key factors for this child included a structured environment that created a verbal community and contingent access to high preference items. No preference in communication response form was observed. The child successfully used four response forms to communicate: gestures, PECS, sign language, and vocalization. The results are discussed in terms of decision making factors in the selection of response forms.

No description available.