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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
351

Tratamento endovascular das dissecções e pseudoaneurismas da artéria vertebral. / Endovascular treatment of dissections and pseudoaneurysms of the vertebral artery.

Puglia Junior, Paulo 11 November 1999 (has links)
As dissecções da artéria vertebral causam acidentes vasculares cerebrais isquêmicos e hemorrágicos. A dissecção arterial é a ruptura da sua parede com formação de hematoma intramural. Podem ser espontâneas, acometendo a artéria vertebral extra ou intracraniana. O tratamento em geral é clínico, porém em alguns casos está indicada intervenção. A via endovascular é uma importante alternativa, permitindo o tratamento específico da lesão em alguns casos, mas na maioria sacrificando a artéria vertebral, após teste de tolerância à oclusão. Com o objetivo de analisar os aspectos clínicos e técnicos do tratamento endovascular, estudamos de forma prospectiva 15 pacientes. Três apresentavam dissecções traumáticas (todas extracranianas) e 12 espontâneas, dos quais dois tiveram traumatismos menores como desencadeantes. Cinco pacientes apresentaram dissecções extracranianas, oito, intracranianas e dois, combinadas. No grupo das extracranianas, a principal indicação de tratamento foi a presença de fístula arteriovenosa, em três dos cinco pacientes. No grupo da intracranianas, foi a presença de hemorragia meníngea. Nos quatro pacientes com acidente vascular isquêmico, a indicação de tratamento deveu-se à presença de pseudoaneurismas que não involuíram com tratamento clínico. Nesse grupo, dois pacientes tinham dissecção extracraniana, um, intra e um, combinada. Um paciente apresentou intolerância à oclusão e foi encaminhado para tratamento conservador. Dos 14 pacientes tratados, um teve como estratégia a oclusão seletiva da lesão, 11 a oclusão da artéria vertebral proximal à lesão e dois oclusão acima e abaixo da lesão. Os materiais utilizados foram balões destacáveis em sete pacientes, molas de destaque livre em 6 e molas eletricamente destacáveis associadas a molas de destaque livre em 1 paciente. Dois pacientes apresentaram complicações do tratamento, e um paciente, recidiva de fístula arteriovenosa, todos resolvidos sem seqüelas. A angiografia controle revelou oclusão total do segmento dissecado ou do pseudoaneurisma em 9 pacientes, reversão do fluxo em quatro e preservação da artéria vertebral com oclusão da lesão em um. Num período de seguimento de 8,6 meses não se registraram recorrências. O tratamento foi eficiente na prevenção de ressangramentos e na trombose dos pseudoaneurismas e apresenta segurança em relação a complicações. / Vertebral artery dissections can cause brain ischemia and hemorrhage. Arterial dissection consist of mural tears with subsequent intramural hematoma formation. They may occur either spontaneously or as a consequence of traumatism, in the extracranial or intracranial vertebral artery. The treatment is usually clinical, but in some instances intervention is indicated. The endovascular approach is an important tool, allowing specific treatment of the lesion in some cases, but sacrificing the vertebral artery in most cases. With the aim of analyze the clinical and technical aspects of the endovascular treatment, we studied prospectively 15 patients treated by endovascular approach. Three presented traumatic dissections (all extracranial) and 12 spontaneous dissections, two of which after minor traumatic events. Five patients had extracranial dissections, eight, intracranial and two, combined. In the extracranial dissection group, the main indication for treatment was the presence of an arteriovenous fistula (three of five patients). In the intracranial group, it was subarachnoid hemorrhage. Four patients presenting with brain isquemia were treated because of pseudoaneurysms that did not resolve in clinical treatment. In this group 2 patients had extracranial dissections, one had intracranial and one had both. One patient did not tolerate occlusion and was treated clinically. Fourteen patients were treated by endovascular means, one with selective lesion occlusion, 12 with proximal vertebral artery occlusion and two with proximal and distal vertebral artery occlusion. The embolic material were detachable balloons in 7 patients, platinum microcoils in 6 patients and electrically detachable platinum microcoils and platinum microcoils in one patient. Two patients presented complications, and one presented recurrence of an arteriovenous fistula, all resolved without sequelae. Angiographic controls disclosed total occlusion of the segment with dissection or of the pseudoaneurysm in 9 patients, retrograde flow in 4 and vertebral artery preservation with selective lesion occlusion in 1. During a mean follow-up period of 8,6 months no recurrence was observed. The treatment was efficient in preventing recurrent hemorrhage and promoting pseudoaneurysms thrombosis, besides it was a safe treatment option.
352

Avaliação da autorregulação cerebral dinâmica através da reatividade cerebrovascular em suíno com volume expansivo por balão simulando aumento de hematoma intracerebral / Evaluation of dynamic cerebral autoregulation through cerebrovascular reactivity in a swine model with expansive volume of a balloon simulating an increase of a intracerebral hematoma

Patriota, Gustavo Cartaxo 15 September 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A autorregulação cerebral representa um dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos incertos na hemorragia intracerebral espontânea, cujo comprometimento pode influenciar no resultado prognóstico e terapêutico. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a autorregulação cerebral dinâmica em modelo suíno de hemorragia intracerebral espontânea através do índice de reatividade pressórica cerebrovascular e determinar a eficácia das intervenções clínicas e cirúrgicas. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 21 suínos híbridos machos com idade de 3 meses. O modelo experimental simulou o efeito expansivo de uma hemorragia intracerebral espontânea de grande volume quando comparado ao cérebro humano. Foram avaliados volumes de expansão diferentes, distribuídos em três grupos com sete suínos cada. O protocolo anestésico incluiu uma monitoração hemodinâmica invasiva associada a preservação da autorregulação cerebral. Os experimentos foram submetidos a monitoração neurológica multimodal e divididos em 5 fases. O índice de reatividade pressórica cerebrovascular estimou a autorregulacão cerebral durante todas as fases, sendo as três primeiras sem intervenções terapêuticas e as duas últimas para avaliar a eficácia das intervenções salina hipertônica e cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Os grupos avaliados foram homogêneos e sem diferença estatística quanto ao comprometimento da autorregulação cerebral comparando os diferentes volumes e tempos de compressão durante as duas primeiras horas da expansão do volume intracraniano. O comprometimento do índice de reatividade pressórica cerebrovascular ocorreu em alguns experimentos influenciando nas fases de tratamento subsequentes, salina hipertônica e cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: Volumes expansivos elevados podem comprometer a autorregulação cerebral dinâmica e apresentar desfecho terapêutico desfavorável. A intervenção clínica e cirúrgica tem benefício nos experimentos com preservação do índice de reatividade pressórica cerebrovascular / INTRODUCTION: Cerebral autoregulation represents one of the uncertain pathophysiological mechanisms in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, whose impairment may influence prognostic and therapeutic outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic cerebral autoregulation in the swine model of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage through the cerebrovascular reactivity index and to determine the efficacy of clinical and surgical interventions. METHODS: Twenty-one male hybrid pigs aged 3 months were studied. The experimental model simulated the expansive effect of a large intracerebral hemorrhage when compared to the human brain. Different volumes were evaluated, distributed in three groups with seven pigs each. Each experiment was divided in five phases. The anesthetic protocol included invasive hemodynamic monitoring associated with the preservation of cerebral autoregulation. Multimodallity monitoring was realised in all experiments. The cerebrovascular reactivity index estimated the cerebral autoregulation during all phases. The first three phases were without therapeutic interventions, and the last two phases were with therapeutic intervention of hypertonic saline solution and neurosurgery respectively. RESULTS: The evaluated groups were homogeneous and without statistical difference regarding the impairment of the cerebral autoregulation comparing different volumes and compression times during the first two hours of the intracranial volume expansion. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated expansive volumes may compromise dynamic cerebral autoregulation and have unfavorable therapeutic outcome. Clinical and surgical intervention had benefit in the experiments with preservation of cerebrovascular reactivity index
353

Hämodynamische und hormonelle Regulationsvorgänge beim akuten Blutvolumenmangel wacher Hunde

Francis, Roland Chike Eluaka 16 January 2004 (has links)
Diese Studie untersucht die Bedeutung von Angiotensin II- und Endothelin-1-vermittelten Mechanismen, die im Rahmen von hämodynamischen, hormonellen und renalen Reaktionen bei einen akuten Blutverlust einsetzen. Es wurden wache Hunde mit und ohne Vorbehandlung mit Angiotensin II Typ 1 (AT1) und/oder Endothelin-A (ETA) Rezeptorblockern untersucht. Protokoll 1: Nach einer 60-minütigen Kontrollstunde wurde den Hunden 25% ihres Blutes zügig entzogen. Nach einer Stunde wurde das Blut retransfundiert und die Datenaufzeichnung für eine weitere Stunde fortgesetzt. Protokoll 2: Wie Protokoll 1, aber mit AT1 Blockade durch Losartan i.v. Protokoll 3: Wie Protokoll 1, aber mit ETA Blockade durch ABT-627 i.v. Protokoll 4: Wie Protokoll 1, aber mit kombinierter AT1 plus ETA Blockade. In der Kontrolle sinkt der arterielle Mitteldruck (MAP) nach dem Blutentzug um ~25%, das Herzzeitvolumen (HZV) um ~40%, das Urinvolumen um ~60%, während die Plasmakonzentrationen von Angiotensin II (3.1-fach), Endothelin-1 (1.13-fach), Vasopressin (116-fach) und Adrenalin (3.2-fach) ansteigen. Unter AT1 Blockade kommt es zu einem überproportionalen Abfall des arteriellen Mitteldrucks und die glomeruläre Filtrationsrate (GFR) sinkt. Beim Blutentzug unter ETA Blockade steigt Noradrenalin und nicht Adrenalin an, und der Wiederanstieg des MAP infolge Retransfusion ist unvollständig. In allen Protokollen sinkt das HZV um den gleichen Betrag. Schlussfolgerungen: Für die kurzfristige Regulation des Blutdrucks und die renale Autoregulation der GFR nach Blutverlust spielt Angiotensin II eine wichtigere Rolle als Endothelin-1. Andererseits ist ein intaktes Endothelinsystem eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die vollständige Restitution des arteriellen Mitteldrucks in der Retransfusionsphase. Darüber hinaus scheint Endothelin-1 nach dem Blutentzug die Freisetzung von Adrenalin zu erleichtern, die Freisetzung von Noradrenalin jedoch zu mildern. Die bei einem akuten Blutverlust einsetzenden Kompensationsmechanismen scheinen den Blutfluss (HZV) viel effektiver aufrecht zu erhalten als den Blutdruck (MAP), denn das HZV, nicht aber der arterielle Mitteldruck, sank in allen Protokollen um den gleichen Betrag. / This study investigates angiotensin II and endothelin-1 mediated mechanisms involved in the hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal response towards acute hypotensive hemorrhage. Conscious dogs were pretreated with angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and/or endothelin-A (ETA) receptor blockers or not. Protocol 1. After a 60 min baseline period, 25% of the dog's blood was rapidly withdrawn. The blood was retransfused 60 min later and data recorded for another hour. Protocol 2. Likewise, but preceded by AT1 blockade with i.v. Losartan. Protocol 3. Likewise, but preceded by ETA blockade with i.v. ABT-627. Protocol 4. Likewise, but with combined AT1 plus ETA blockade. In Controls, hemorrhage decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by ~25%, cardiac output by ~40%, and urine volume by ~60%, increased angiotensin II (3.1-fold), endothelin-1 (1.13-fold), vasopressin (116-fold), and adrenaline concentrations (3.2-fold). Glomerular filtration rate and noradrenaline concentrations remained unchanged. During AT1 blockade, the MAP decrease was exaggerated (-40%) and glomerular filtration rate fell. During ETA blockade, noradrenaline increased after hemorrhage instead of adrenaline, and the MAP recovery after retransfusion was blunted. The decrease in cardiac output was similar in all protocols. Conclusions: Angiotensin II is more important than endothelin-1 for the short-term regulation of MAP and glomerular filtration rate after hemorrhage, whereas endothelin-1 seems necessary for complete MAP recovery after retransfusion. After hemorrhage, endothelin-1 seems to facilitate adrenaline release and to blunt noradrenaline release. Hemorrhage-induced compensatory mechanisms maintain blood flow more effectively than blood pressure, since the decrease in cardiac output - but not MAP - was similar in all protocols.
354

Mecanismos envolvidos no aumento do risco de sangramento em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral ou ataque isquêmico transitório prévios em uso de antiagregante plaquetário / Mechanisms involved in increasing the risk of bleeding in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack using antiplatelet agent

Barbosa, Carlos José Dornas Gonçalves 23 January 2018 (has links)
Introdução: O antecedente de AVCI e/ou AIT está presente em 5% dos pacientes com coronariopatia aguda e em até 17% dos pacientes com coronariopatia crônica. Esta população apresenta elevado risco para eventos cardiovasculares, assim como para desfechos hemorrágicos maiores (principalmente quando em uso de tratamento antitrombótico). A agregabilidade plaquetária apresenta papel fundamental no balanço isquêmico/hemorrágico; entretanto, esse mecanismo é pouco estudado em pacientes com evento cérebro vascular isquêmico prévio. O principal objetivo desse estudo é avaliar se pacientes com DAC e AVCI/ AIT prévio exibem alterações na agregabilidade plaquetária que justifiquem o risco aumentado para sangramento nesses indivíduos. Casuística e Métodos: Entre janeiro de 2013 e abril de 2015, 140 pacientes foram selecionados nos bancos de dados da unidade coronária e do serviço de cirurgia cardíaca do InCor- HCFMUSP. Critérios de inclusão: coronariopatia aguda prévia (há mais de 12 meses), antecedente de AVCI/AIT (anterior ao episódio de coronariopatia aguda), uso crônico de AAS e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Critérios de exclusão: AVCH prévio, uso de antiagregação plaquetária dupla ou anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais, trombofilia ou coagulopatia conhecida, trombocitopenia ou trombocitose, angioplastia ou cirurgia cardíaca nos últimos 6 meses, disfunção renal grave ou qualquer doença terminal. Desenho do estudo: Estudo de caso e controle (1:1), com os grupos caso (AVCI/AIT prévio) e controle (sem AVCI/AIT prévio) pareados por sexo, idade, tipo de coronariopatia aguda e tempo entre a coronariopatia aguda e a inclusão no estudo. A agregabilidade plaquetária foi mensurada pelo VerifyNow Aspirin®, VerifyNow P2Y12®, Agregometria óptica com agonista ADP, Agregometria óptica com agonista adrenalina e tromboelastrografia (Reorox®). Resultados: Os grupos controle (n=70) e caso (n=70), estavam bem pareados em relação à maioria das variáveis analisadas. A idade média da população global foi de 66 anos, 73% apresentavam IAM prévio, e o tempo médio entre o episódio de coronariopatia aguda e a inclusão no presente estudo foi de 5,31 anos. No momento da avaliação os pacientes do grupo caso apresentavam valores mais elevados de pressão arterial sistólica (135,84 ± 16,09 vs 123,68 ± 16,11mmHg, p < 0,001), embora esse grupo utilizasse maior número de antihipertensivos (2,37 ± 1,09 vs 3,0 ± 1,23, p=0,006). Em relação a variáveis metabólicas, o perfil lipídico não presentou diferença significativa entre os grupos, entretanto o grupo caso apresentou maiores valores de creatinina (1,24 ± 0,35 vs 1,11 ± 0,27 mg/dL, p=0,037) e também de glicemia de jejum (116,16 ± 32,03 vs 134,88 ± 57,58 mg/dL, p=0,031). No que se refere à meta principal do estudo, a agregabilidade plaquetária foi similar nos dois grupos por todos os métodos utilizados: VerifyNow Aspirin® (525,00 ± 79,78 vs 530,35 ± 83,81 ARU nos grupos caso e controle, respectivamente, p=0,7), VerifyNow P2Y12® (262,14 ± 43,03 vs 251,74 ± 43,72 PRU, p=0,21), Agregometria óptica com agonista ADP (78,34 ± 9,02 vs 77,55 ± 9,70%, p=0,82), Agregometria óptica com agonista adrenalina (49,01± 23,93% vs 49,34 ± 21,7, p=0,77), e tromboelastografia (Firmeza máxima do coágulo: 2,136,00 ± 569,97 vs 2.001,27 ± 635,68 Pa, p=0,19). Conclusão: Em pacientes com doença arterial coronária crônica a agregabilidade plaquetária foi similar nos indivíduos com ou sem AVCI/AIT. Esses resultados apontam para que outros mecanismos sejam responsáveis pelo elevado risco hemorrágico dessa população / Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) history is present in 5% of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and in 17% of patients with stable atherosclerotic disease (CAD). This population has a higher risk for major cardiovascular events and an increased incidence of major hemorrhagic outcomes when subjected to modern antithrombotic regimens, Platelet aggregability have key role in \"ischemic-hemorrhagic\" balance, however, these factors are little known in the population with prior cerebrovascular event. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether patients with coronary artery disease and previous IS/ TIA exhibit alterations in platelet aggregation, justifying the increased bleeding risk of these individuals. Methods: Between January 2013 and April 2015, 140 participants were selected in the coronary care unit and cardiac surgery service databank. Inclusion criteria: prior ACS (over 12 months), history of IS/ TIA previous to ACS, chronic use of aspirin since ACS and agreement to the consent form. Exclusion criteria: prior hemorrhagic stroke, current dual antiplatelet therapy or anti-inflammatory non-steroidal, any thrombophilia or coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, PCI or CABG in the last 6 months, severe renal impairment and any terminal illness. Study design: Case-control study (1:1), case group (previous IS/TIA) and control group (without previous IS/TIA) matched for sex, age, type of previous ACS, time between ACS and inclusion in the study. Platelet aggregation was assessed by VerifyNow Aspirin®, VerifyNow P2Y12®, Light transmission aggregometry aggonist with agonists adrenaline, Light transmission aggregometry aggonist with ADP, and thromboelastography (Reorox®). Results: The control group (n=70) and case group (n=70), were well matched. The mean age was 63 years, about 73% presented previous AMI and the index ACS occurred 5,31 years before study inclusion. At the evaluation day patients in the case group presented higher SBP levels (135.84 ± 16.09 vs 123.68 ± 16.11 mmHg, p < 0,001), although this group were using more antihypertensive medications (2.37 ± 1.09 vs 3.0 ± 1.23, p=0,006). In relation to metabolic profile, lipid profile did not presented diferences, however, case group presented higher values for creatinine (1.24 ± 0.35 vs 1.11 ± 0.27 mg/dL, p=0.037) and also presented higher values for fasting glucose.(116.16 ± 32.03 vs 134.88 ± 57.58 mg/dL, p=0.031) Platelet aggregation was statistically similar in both groups: VerifyNow Aspirin® (525.00 ± 79.78 vs 530.35 ± 83.81 ARU, p=0.7), VerifyNow P2Y12® (262.14 ± 43.03 vs 251.74 ± 43.72 PRU, p=0.21), Light transmission aggregometry aggonist with agonists ADP (78,34 ± 9,02 vs 77,55 ± 9,70%, p=0,82), Light transmission aggregometry aggonist with adrenaline (49,01 ± 23,93% vs 49,34 ± 21,7, p=0,77) and thromboelastography (maximum clot firmness: 2.136,00 ± 569,97 vs 2.001,27 ± 635,68 Pa, p=0,19). Conclusion: Platlet aggregability is similar in CAD patients with or without previous IS/TIA and this results point at other reasons to justify the high risk for bleeding in this patients
355

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO NEUROPSICOMOTOR EM PREMATUROS COM ALTERAÇÕES ULTRA-SONOGRÁFICAS CEREBRAIS NO PERÍODO NEONATAL / EVALUATE THE MOTOR AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF PREMATURE BABIES WHO HAD BRAIN ULTRASOUND ALTERATIONS AT THE NEONATAL PERIODS

Cunha, Roxana Desterro e Silva da 13 December 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:16:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roxana Desterro.pdf: 688994 bytes, checksum: ceb8107f09c4ea13f75ca8e4a721da06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-13 / The scientific and technologic advances that occurred in the neonatal ITU over the last decades increased the survival rate of babies over and over more premature. Due to the occurency of possible sequelae inherent to this condition, it has been a bigger interest for de development of egress babies from these unites of treatment. The present study is retrospective, longitudinal, analytical of a control case, nested to a cohort. It proposes to evaluate the motor and cognitive development of premature babies who had brain ultrasound alterations at the neonatal period and the possible risk factors for its delay. It has been selected 99 premature children weighting 1800 grams or less in the birth and pregnancy age inferior to 37 weeks, submitted to a transfontanelar ultrasound in the neonatal period during their neonatal ITU (Intensive Therapy Unity) internment. The socio-economic, cultural, environmental, perinatal clinic events and mother characteristics were analysed. To evaluation of the neural, psychomotor development, the Denver II test was used. A sample made, in the majority, of corrected 12 months old children. The birth weight average was 1032 grams and the pregnancy average was 31,3 weeks. The ultrasonic alterations were present in 49, 4% of the children. In them, the periventricular leucomalacy was more frequent corrected one year old babies with alterations in the Denver II test. 34, 3% of the realized tests had unsatisfactory results. As risk factors for the development alteration, Ultrasonic alterations and low family incomes were significant for the study. . The positive predictive value of transfontanelar ultrasonic exams for the neural psychomotor development was 51,02% and the negative predictive value was 82% When the family incomes variable is added to the transfontanelar ultrasonic alterations, the positive predictive value increased to 90% and the negative predictive value decreased to 71,91%. It is believed that the variable family incomes added to the analysis is a good alternative to increase the prediction capacity development alterations of premature children with transfontanelar ultrasonic alterations. / Os avanços científicos e tecnológicos que ocorreram nas UTI neonatais nas últimas décadas, aumentaram a sobrevida de bebês cada vez mais prematuros. Devido ocorrência de possíveis seqüelas inerentes a essa condição, houve um interesse maior pelo desenvolvimento dos bebês egressos dessas unidades de tratamento. O presente estudo é retrospectivo, longitudinal, analítico do tipo caso controle, aninhado a uma coorte. Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo de prematuros que tiveram alterações ultra-sonográficas cerebrais no período neonatal e os possíveis fatores de risco para o seu atraso. Selecionou-se 99 crianças prematuras com peso de nascimento menor ou igual a 1800 gramas e idade gestacional abaixo de 37 semanas e que fizeram ultra-sonografia transfontanelar no período neonatal durante sua internação em UTI neonatal. Analisaram-se variáveis sócio-econômicas, culturais, ambientais, eventos clínicos perinatais e características maternas. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor utilizou-se o Teste de Denver II. A população foi composta de crianças com 12 meses de idade corrigida. A média de peso de nascimento foi de 1032 gramas e a média de idade gestacional foi de 31,3 semanas. As alterações ultra-sonográficas estiveram presentes em 49,4% das crianças. Destas, a leucomalácia periventricular foi a mais presente nos bebês com alteração no Teste de Denver II na idade corrigida de 1 ano. Dentre os testes realizados, 34,3% tiveram resultados desfavoráveis. Dos fatores de risco para alteração de desenvolvimento, alterações ultra-sonográficas cerebrais e renda familiar mostram-se estatisticamente significantes para o estudo. O valor preditivo positivo dos exames ultra-sonográficos transfontanelares para alterações de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, foi de 51,02% e valor preditivo negativo de 82%. Ao se acrescentar a variável renda familiar às alterações ultra-sonográficas transfontanelares, o valor preditivo positivo aumentou para 90% e o valor preditivo negativo reduziu-se para 71,91%. Acredita-se que o acréscimo à análise da variável renda familiar baixa é boa alternativa para aumentar a capacidade de predição de alterações do desenvolvimento de prematuros com alterações ultra-sonográficas transfontanelares.
356

O ROTEM  tem a habilidade de prever sangramento em cirurgia cardíaca valvar? / Does ROTEM have the ability to predict bleeding in valve cardiac surgery?

Garcia Neto, José 10 April 2017 (has links)
Introdução: Considerando que uma melhor vigilância do estado hemostático dos doentes antes, durante e após o ato cirúrgico pode ter impacto significativo na sua evolução, e sabendo que os testes clássicos da coagulação têm limitações para avaliar a hemóstase na globalidade, e presumindo-se que o ROTEM seja um teste que permite efetuar esta avaliação da coagulação, fizemos hipótese de que este método seria uma ferramenta que teria a habilidade de prever sangramento em cirurgia cardíaca valvar. Objetivos: 1) Verificar se o ROTEM (Tromboelastometria Rotacional) ao analisar o estado da coagulação sanguínea de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca valvar tem a capacidade de prever maior risco de sangramento com suas consequentes complicações; 2) Correlacionar comorbidades e história clinica pré-existentes à cirurgia cardíaca valvar com o nível de sangramento apresentado. Métodos: Foram incluídos 100 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca valvar com circulação extracorpórea (CEC) nos seguintes procedimentos: cirurgia cardíaca valvar em uma ou mais valvas, incluindo reoperações e cirurgias combinadas, realizadas no Instituto do Coração (INCOR) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Estudo prospectivo que buscou avaliar a eficácia do uso da tromboelastometria rotacional na previsão de sangramento em cirurgia cardíaca valvar. Após a indução anestésica foram coletados: Tromboelastometria, coagulograma, fibrinogênio, dímero D e contagem de plaquetas; com a finalidade de verificar potencial risco de sangramento neste paciente. Correspondente ao tempo - 0 (T0). Estes mesmos exames foram recoletados na admissão na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cirúrgica (UTIC), onde o paciente foi recebido após o procedimento cirúrgico cardíaco valvar. Correspondente ao tempo - 1 (T1). Optou-se pela coleta de T1 na UTI, pois a CEC já terá sido descontinuada e a heparina revertida com a administração da protamina. Resultados: Os pacientes fora subdivididos em quartis de acordo com o sangramento, configurando um total (n) de 100 pacientes com uma média de sangramento (débitos dos drenos) de 492,95 mL, apresentando um desvio padrão de 388,14 mL e 2260 mL. Não foi encontrada nenhuma variável estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, comparando-se exames laboratoriais pré-operatórios, tempo de CEC, tempo de pinçamento e uso de drogas vaso ativas. Porém, ocorreu diferença significativa (p = 0,015) nos níveis transfusionais de hemocomponentes entre os quartis. Ocorreu uma relação significante (p =0,014) entre o nível adequado de calcemia e tendência a menor sangramento nos grupos estudados. Os resultados do ROTEM - INTEM, ROTEM - EXTEM e ROTEM - FIBTEM não demonstraram diferença estatística significante entre os grupos estudados. Considerando-se os desfechos, baixo débito, choque cardiogênico, arritmia, AVC, insuficiência renal aguda, óbito e reoperação, apenas a reoperação apresentou resultados com diferença significante entre os grupos (p =0,024). Conclusões: 1- O ROTEM não demonstrou a capacidade de prever sangramento em cirurgia cardíaca valvar. 2 - Não houve correlação do sangramento apresentado com as comorbidades pré-existentes / INTRODUCTION: Considering that better monitoring of the haemostatic status of patients before, during and after the surgical procedure can have a significant impact on their evolution, and knowing that classical coagulation tests have limitations in assessing hemostasis overall, and assuming that ROTEM is a test that allows to perform this evaluation, we hypothesized that this method would be a tool that would have the ability to predict bleeding in valve heart surgery. OBJECTIVES: 1) To verify if the ROTEM (Rotational Thromboelastometry) when analyzing the blood coagulation status of patients submitted to valve heart surgery has the capacity to predict a greater risk of bleeding with its consequent complications; 2) To correlate pre-existing comorbidities and clinical history with valve heart surgery with the level of bleeding presented. METHODS: We included 100 consecutive patients submitted to cardiac valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the following procedures: valvular heart surgery in one or more valves, including reoperations and combined surgeries performed at the Heart Institute of the University of São Paulo. It is a prospective study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of rotational thromboelastometry in the prediction of bleeding in valve heart surgery. After the anesthetic induction were collected: thromboelastometry, coagulogram, fibrinogen, D-dimer and platelet count, with the purpose of verifying potential risk of bleeding in this patient. These samples were defined as time - 0 (T0). These same exams were collected on admission to the Intensive Care Unit. These samples were defined as time - 1(T1 We chose to collect T1 in the ICU, because at this moment it is expected that the total reversal of anticoagulation has already occurred .. RESULTS: Patients were subdivided into quartiles according to bleeding, with a total of 100 patients with a mean bleed (drainage rates) of 492.95 mL. No statistically significant variables were found between the groups, comparing preoperative laboratory tests, CPB time, clamping time and use of vasoactive drugs. However, there was a significant difference (p = 0.015) in transfusion levels of blood components between the quartiles. There Abstract was a significant relationship (p = 0.014) between the adequate level of calcemia and tendency to less bleeding in the groups studied. The results of ROTEM - INTEM, ROTEM - EXTEM and ROTEM - FIBTEM did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups studied. Considering the outcomes, low rate, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, stroke, acute renal failure, death and reoperation, only reoperation presented results with significant difference between the groups (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: 1 - ROTEM did not demonstrate the ability to predict bleeding in valvular heart surgery. 2 - There was no correlation of bleeding presented with pre-existing comorbidities
357

Incidence et facteurs de risque d’hémorragie intracrânienne et d’infarctus aigu du myocarde chez les personnes vivant avec le virus d’immunodéficience humaine

Durand, Madeleine 09 1900 (has links)
Objectif : Étudier le risque d’hémorragies intracrâniennes et d’infarctus du myocarde chez les patients vivant avec le VIH. Méthode : J’ai réalisé deux études de cohorte au sein de la banque de données de la Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec. J’ai défini la cohorte des patients VIH-positifs, y ai étudié l’incidence d’hémorragies intracrâniennes et d’infarctus du myocarde, et l’ai comparée à une cohorte VIH-négative de même âge et de même sexe. J’ai étudié l’association entre ces évènements et l’exposition aux antirétroviraux au moyen d’études cas-témoin nichées dans la cohorte des patients VIH-positifs. Résultats : Le VIH est associé à un risque plus élevé d’hémorragies intracrâniennes, particulièrement au stade SIDA. Les patients VIH-positif sont également plus à risque de subir un infarctus du myocarde, et certains antirétroviraux sont associés à un risque plus grand. Conclusion : Les banques de données médico-administratives représentent un moyen valable d’étudier les comorbidités non-infectieuses chez les patients atteints du VIH. / Objective: To study the risk of intracranial hemorrhage, acute myocardial infarction and their determinants in HIV-infected patients. Methods: I conducted two matched cohort studies within the database of the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec. I identified the cohort of HIV-infected patients and compared the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and myocardial infarction with that in an age and sex matched cohort of HIV-negative patients. To study the association between these events and exposure to antiretrovirals, I conducted two matched case-control studies nested in the HIV-positive cohort. Results: HIV-infected patients had increased risk of developing intracranial hemorrhage, particularly if they had AIDS. They were also at greater risk of suffering from myocardial infarction. Exposure to some antiretroviral drugs was associated with greater risk of myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Administrative health data can be used to study the non-infectious complications of HIV infection, but validation studies are needed to evaluate data quality.
358

Oxidants and antioxidants in cardiovascular disease

Ekblom, Kim, January 2010 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010.
359

Techniques de spectroscopie proche infrarouge et analyses dans le plan temps-fréquence appliquées à l’évaluation hémodynamique du très grand prématuré

Beausoleil, Thierry P. 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
360

Blutung aus feuchter altersbedingter Makuladegeneration und Antikoagulation mit Vitamin-K-Antagonisten / Bleeding out of age-related macular degeneration and anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists

Fricke, Otto Heinz Hermann 20 February 2012 (has links)
Einleitung: Wenn spontane Blutungsneigung zusammenkommt mit der Notwendigkeit einer gerinnungshemmenden Behandlung, so sind Blutungskomplikationen vorgezeichnet. Genau dies ist der Fall bei Patienten mit feuchter altersbedingter Makuladegeneration (AMD) und internistischen Erkrankungen wie Vorhofflimmern, Thrombosen, Embolien oder Herzklappenersatz. Im Verlauf der feuchten AMD treten typischerweise subretinale Blutungen an der Stelle des schärfsten Sehens auf. Ist die Gerinnung gehemmt, so kann sich diese spontane Makulablutung zur gefürchteten Komplikation einer subretinalen Massenblutung ausweiten, die zu einem riesigen Zentralskotom (Verlust der Sehfähigkeit im Zentrum des Gesichtsfelds) bis hin zur Erblindung führt. Mit zunehmendem Lebensalter steigt das Risiko dafür stark an, weil sowohl die AMD als auch die Indikationen für Antikoagulation mit dem Alter überproportional zunehmen. Diese Problematik wird bei der Indikationsstellung zur Antikoagulation offensichtlich zu wenig berücksichtigt. Denn in den vergangenen Jahren wurden vermehrt antikoagulierte Patienten mit massiven subretinalen Blutungen aus feuchter AMD in der Universitäts-Augenklinik Göttingen (UAKG) behandelt. Quantitative Daten zu Nutzen und Risiken der Antikoagulation aus internistischer Sicht sind ausreichend vorhanden. Quantitative Daten zur oben genannten AMD-Augenproblematik gibt es bisher nur sehr wenige.Ziel der Arbeit: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Risikolage zu untersuchen, um Daten für eine Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung zwischen Überlebensvorteil durch Vitamin-K-Antagonisten und Steigerung des subretinalen Blutungsrisikos zur Verfügung zu stellen.Methode: Eine solche Untersuchung ist aus ethischen Gründen nicht als prospektive, kontrollierte Studie durchführbar. Daher wird retrospektiv auf Krankenblätter der UAKG aus der Zeit zwischen 01.01.2002 und 30.06.2008 zurückgegriffen. Die benötigten Daten wurden aus zwei Patientengruppen generiert: Das erste Kollektiv sind unselektierte, normale AMD-Fälle. Es handelt sich um 148 Augen von 110 Patienten, die aus den 1600 AMD-Datensätzen des Fotolabors ausgelost wurden. Alle Krankenblätter und Original-Fundusfotos wurden hinsichtlich Dauer der feuchten AMD, Blutung, Blutungsgröße und Medikamentenanamnese ausgewertet. Daraus lässt sich das inhärente Blutungsrisiko der feuchten AMD einschließlich dessen Schwere und zeitlichen Ablaufs ableiten. Weiter informiert dieses Kollektiv über die Häufigkeit von Antikoagulation bei AMD-Patienten. Das zweite Kollektiv sind Augen mit subretinaler AMD-Blutung. Diese wurden aus der Datenbank des Schwerpunktes Netzhaut-und Glaskörperchirurgie entnommen, welche alle dort behandelten Patienten ausführlich dokumentiert. Es handelte sich um 124 Augen mit subretinaler Blutung von 101 Patienten. Die zugehörigen Krankenakten wurden in derselben Weise ausgewertet. Diese Gruppe informiert über die Häufigkeit der Antikoagulation und die Blutungsschwere bei Blutungsaugen. Aus dem Verhältnis der Antikoagulationshäufigkeit bei AMD-Augen mit subretinaler Blutung zu der Antikoagulationshäufigkeit normaler AMD-Patienten folgt daraus die gesuchte Risiko-Erhöhung für Blutung unter Antikoagulation.Ergebnisse: 1. Das spontane Blutungsrisiko aus feuchter AMD liegt zwischen 16% und 25% für zwei Jahre und zwischen 25% und 64% für fünf Jahre. 2. Antikoagulation mit Vitamin-K-Antagonisten erhöht das Blutungsrisiko mindestens um das 2,3 bis 3,8 fache. 3. Die schwerste Komplikation der Blutung bei feuchter AMD, nämlich Durchbruch in den Glaskörperraum und vollständige Erblindung des Auges, tritt in 6% der spontanen AMD-Blutungen ein. Unter Vitamin-K-Antagonisten ist dies 3,5mal häufiger (21%). 4. Spontane AMD-Blutungen (ohne Gerinnungshemmung) haben einen mittleren Durchmesser von ca. 30°. Die dadurch verursachte Netzhautschädigung hat eine Ausdehnung von 27 Papillenflächen. Unter Vitamin-K-Antagonisten ist der Blutungsdurchmesser doppelt so groß, die zerstörte Netzhautfläche hat mit 109 Papillenflächen nahezu die vierfache Größe. 5. Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer führen ebenfalls zu einer Vergrößerung der subretinalen Blutung aus feuchter AMD. Die Effekte sind etwa halb so groß wie die unter Vitamin-K-Antagonisten.Diskussion: Nach diesen Ergebnissen stellt die feuchte AMD eine bisher zu gering beachtete Kontraindikation für den Einsatz von Vitamin-K-Antagonisten dar. Die Antikoagulation bei feuchter AMD erfordert eine gemeinsame Abwägung durch Internist, Augenarzt und Patient. Dabei können folgende Überlegungen als Richtschnur gelten: 1. Bei Erkrankungen mit hohem vitalen Risiko und nachgewiesenem großen Nutzen der Antikoagulation ist das höhere subretinale Blutungsrisiko der feuchten AMD ein sekundäres Argument und muss in Kauf genommen werden. Dazu gehören Lungenembolie, Vorhofflimmern mit hohem CHA2DS2VASc-Score, bzw. CHADS2-Score oder mechanischer Herzklappenersatz. 2. Bei Erkrankungen mit niedrigem vitalem Risiko und fraglichem Nutzen der Vitamin-K-Antagonisierung überwiegt das Erblindungsrisiko der AMD-Augen in der Risikoabwägung. Die Antikoagulation sollte unterbleiben. Dazu gehören Vorhofflimmern mit niedrigem CHA2DS2VASc-Score, bzw. CHADS2-Score sowie biologischer Klappenersatz. 3. Die Indikationen zwischen diesen Extremen bedürfen einer ausgiebigen Aufklärung und Entscheidungsfindung zusammen mit dem betroffenen Patienten.

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