Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-03T14:29:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) LIDIANE PINTO CORREIA-TESE DE DOUTORADO.pdf: 5242864 bytes, checksum: 30aaf9ade8f3601fdf6b92444374359f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T14:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) LIDIANE PINTO CORREIA-TESE DE DOUTORADO.pdf: 5242864 bytes, checksum: 30aaf9ade8f3601fdf6b92444374359f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / O estudo de plantas medicinais como fonte de tratamento das mais diversas enfermidades é milenar, tendo em vista seu vasto uso embasado no conhecimento popular. Estudar essas espécies vegetais, de forma a caracterizá-las fisicamente, quimicamente e biologicamente tem sua importância para que o dito popular seja embasado cientificamente e parâmetros como eficácia e segurança sejam assegurados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar características físicas, químicas e biológicas de três espécies vegetais (Tabebuia caraiba, Sideroxylon obtusifolium e Maytenus rigida) típicas do semiárido paraibano, com intuito de fornecer informações concretas acerca das suas características e do seu uso. Foram utilizados diferentes faixas de tamanhos de partículas para cada espécie, as quais, posteriormente, foram utilizadas na forma de droga vegetal (pó seco) e derivados (infusos e extrato liofilizado). As amostras utilizadas foram nomeadas: CAR00, CAR01, CAR02 e CAR03; QU00, QU01, QU02 e QU03; e MR00, MR01, MR02, MR03; referindo-se a Tabebuia caraiba, Sideroxylon obtusifolium e Maytenus rigida, respectivamente. Para caracterização física e química utilizaram-se as técnicas analíticas microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) com espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), técnicas térmicas (Termogravimetria (TG) e Análise Térmica Diferencial (DTA)) e pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa (Pir-CG/EM). Para investigar o efeito da atividade antioxidante, bem como da citotoxicidade das amostras obtidas de pós de diferentes tamanhos de partícula utilizaram-se os seguintes ensaios: sistema de varredura do radical 2,2 difenil-1-pricril-hidrazil (DPPH), capacidade redutora (RP), capacidade de absorção de Radicais de Oxigênio (ORAC) e citotoxicidade (células Caco-2). Para validação do método analítico de identificação e quantificação, utilizou-se um cromatógrafo líquido de alta eficiência (HPLC). Através da termogravimetria utilizando o modelo adaptado de Ozawa foi possível diferenciar através dos parâmetros cinéticos obtidos (Ea, ordem de reação, percentual de perda de massa) as amostras de CAR de diferentes granulometrias. Os tamanhos volumétricos das partícula de QU e MR foram especificados através da MEV. Através dos dados térmicos da TG, DTA e Pir-CG/EM caracterizaram-se as drogas vegetais QU e MR, verificando diferenças dos resultados de acordo com a distribuição do tamanho das partículas. Através dos testes de determinação de resíduo seco, fenólicos e flavonoides verificaram-se diferenças quantitativas dos teores. As capacidades antioxidantes para as três espécies estudadas variaram para as diferentes granulometrias quando avaliadas através dos testes de DPPH, RP e ORAC. Levando-se em consideração o limite de 70% de viabilidade celular,observou-se que as diferentes granulometrias dos pós podem influenciar no dano celular. De acordo com os dados obtidos através das diferentes técnicas analíticas e ensaios biológicos, afirma-se que a propriedade física tamanho de partícula pode influenciar nos parâmetros de qualidade física, química e biológica de drogas vegetais, sendo importante a padronização da matéria-prima vegetal de forma a garantir a homogeneidade dos pré-requisitos que regem um produto de qualidade, segurança e eficácia / Herbal medicine studies as a source of several diseases treatment is age-old, based in its wide use grounded in popular knowledge. To study these species considering its physical, chemical and biological characteristics has its importance to scientifically support the popular herbal medicines use, ensuring parameters such as efficacy and safety to the users. This work aimed to evaluate physical, chemical and biological three typical plant species (Tabebuia caraiba, Sideroxylon obtusifolium and Maytenus rigida) from the semiarid Paraiba region, aiming to provide concrete information about their characteristics and use. Different particle size ranges were used for each species, which were used like herbal medicine (dry powder) and derivatives (infuses and lyophilized extracts). The samples used were named: CAR00, CAR01, CAR02 and CAR03; QU00, QU01, QU02 and QU03; and MR00, MR01, MR02, MR03; referring to Tabebuia caraiba, Sideroxylon obtusifolium and Maytenus rigida, respectively. For physical and chemical characterization we used the analytical techniques scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermal techniques (Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)) and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC / MS). To investigate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity effect of the different particle sizes samples it was used the following tests: scanning radical system of 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricril hydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power (RP), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), and cytotoxicity (Caco-2 cells). To the analytical method identification and quantification validation it was used a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). TG data using adapted Ozawa model allowed differentiate through kinetic parameters obtained (Ea, reaction order, weight loss percentage) the different particle size CAR samples. The volumetric size of QU and MR particles were specified by SEM. Through the thermal data of the TG, DTA and Pyr-GC / MS the herbal medicines QU and MR were characterized and it was checked differences in the results according to its particle size distribution. The determination of dry residue tests, phenolics and flavonoids showed quantitative differences levels. The antioxidant capacities for the three species studied varied to the different powder particle sizes when evaluated through DPPH test, RP and ORAC. Considering the cell viability limit of 70% like the parameter to the determination of citotoxicity, it was observed variations between the obtained results and the different particle sizes could influence in the cellular damage. According to the data obtained through analytical techniques and biological assays, it was evidenced that the physical property particle size may influence the physical, chemical and biological herbal medicine quality parameters. So, it is important to standardize the raw material to ensure the product prerequisites of homogeneity: quality, safety and efficacy.

Chinese Herbal Medicine has been mainstream practice for hundreds of generations, however the merits of herbal therapeutics have been debated in the era of modern medicine. With a shift towards scientific analysis and rigorous testing of conventional pharmaceuticals in the past century, critics have questioned the proclaimed effects of herbal concoctions. Nonetheless, herbal medicines are still used frequently and have spawned clinical studies meant to determine their therapeutic efficacy. This paper aims to evaluate many aspects of Chinese Herbal Medicine applications that have already been analyzed in other papers, then propose a study which explores the effects of the herbal concoction Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Pian in lowering blood pressure. Hypertension was chosen as the focus of the study due to its extensive presence in the population and the impact a significant outcome can provide given its prevalence. The ultimate goal is to find a balance between both eastern and western practices of medicine, thus preserving Chinese medical traditions that are concurrently buttressed by scientific research.

by Cheng Yuk Kwan, Anna. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-112). / Acknowledgements / Table of Contents --- p.i / Abbreviations --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.vi / List of figures --- p.ix / List of tables --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Objective and scope of the project --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature review of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Morphology of Mimosa pudica --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Chemistry of Mimosa pudica --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Uses in traditional medicine --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Clinical and pharmacological studies of Mimosa pudica --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Toxicology of Mimosa pudica --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Characteristics and toxicology of mimosine --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Immunomodulation / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Overview of the immune system --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Strategies on the study of immunomodulation of Mimosa pudica --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicology / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Principles of the toxicological assays / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- LD50 --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Enzyme assays --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Subacute toxicity test --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.1.4 --- Reproductive toxicity test --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mimosa pudica --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Animals --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Chemicals --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Extraction of Mimosa pudica --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Assays for the immunomodulatory effects of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Cell preparation / Chapter a) --- Splenocytes --- p.35 / Chapter b) --- Thymocytes --- p.35 / Chapter c) --- Macrophages --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Splenocyte proliferation --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Thymocyte proliferation --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Phagocytic activity of macrophages --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Release of IL-1 by macrophages --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Plaque forming cells --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.7 --- Restoration on splenocyte blastogenesis of old mice --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Assays for the toxicity of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- LD50 --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Enzyme assays --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Subacute toxicity --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Immunomodulatory effects of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 3.1.1 --- In vitro study on the lymphocyte proliferation / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Splenocyte proliferation --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Thymocyte proliferation --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- In vivo study on the lymphocyte proliferation --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Phagocytic activity of macrophages --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Release of IL-1 by macrophages --- p.64 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Plaque forming cells --- p.67 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Restoration on splenocyte blastogenesis of old mice --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2 --- Toxicity of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 3.2.1 --- LD50 --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Enzyme assays --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Subacute toxicity --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.85 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- General discussion on the immunomodulatory effects and toxicity of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 4.1 --- Immunomodulatory effects of Mimosa pudica --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2 --- Toxicity of Mimosa pudica --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Concluding remarks --- p.99 / References --- p.104 / Appendix --- p.113

Woo Ka-yan. / "September 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This qualitative study was aimed at exploring midwives’ responses and attitudes towards women in labour, as well as their perception of the pain experienced during labour. A non-probability purposive sampling method was followed, and the data collection methods selected were in-depth individual interviews and focus-group interviews, with the aid of an interview guide for both methods, the researcher being the main data collecting instrument. More than one data collection method (triangulation) was used to ensure the trustworthiness of the study. Concerning the perception of midwives towards women experiencing labour pain, the study revealed that firstly, labour pain is unique to individual women, it is natural and bearable. Secondly, labour pain may be unbearable, and the women in labour need to be given medication for pain. Furthermore, certain behaviour was identified and viewed as unacceptable by participating midwives because it could put both the lives of the mother and the unborn baby at risk; these include: drinking herbal medicines during pregnancy and childbirth; extreme activities like jumping out of bed and rolling on the floor. These behaviours were sources of frustration to midwives. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The work presented in this thesis has demonstrated that the use of elemental profiles for the quality control of herbal medicines can be applied to multiple stages of processing. A single method was developed for the elemental analysis of a variety of St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) preparations using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The optimised method consisted of using 5 ml of nitric acid and microwave digestion reaching temperatures of 185⁰C. Using NIST Polish tea (NIST INCT-TL- 1) the method was found to be accurate and the matrix effect from selected St John’s Wort (SJW) preparations was found to be ≤22%. The optimised method was then used to determine the elemental profiles for a larger number of SJW preparations (raw herbs=22, tablets=20 and capsules=12). Specifically, the method was used to determine the typical concentrations of 25 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sb, Se, Sr, V, Y and Zn) for each form of SJW which ranged from not detected to 200 mg/g. To further interpret the element profiles, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out. This showed that different forms of SJW could be differentiated based on their elemental profile and the SJW ingredient used (i.e. extract or raw herb) identified. The differences in the profiles were likely due to two factors: (1) the addition of bulking agents and (2) solvent extraction. In order to further understand how the elemental profile changes when producing the extract from the raw plant, eight SJW herb samples were extracted with four solvents (100% water, 60% ethanol, 80% ethanol and 100% ethanol) and analysed for their element content. The results showed that the transfer of elements from the raw herb to an extract was solvent and metal dependent. Generally the highest concentrations of an element were extracted with 100% water, which decreased as the concentration of ethanol increased. However, the transfer efficiency for the element Cu was highest with 60% ethanol. The solvents utilised in industry (60% and 80% ethanol) were found to preconcentrate some elements; Cu (+119%), Mg (+93%), Ni (+183%) and Zn (+12%) were found to preconcentrate in 60 %v/v ethanol extracts and Cu (+5%) and Ni (+30%). PCA of the elemental profiles of the four types of extract showed that differentiation was observed between the different solvents and as the ethanol concentration increased, the extracts became more standardised. Analysis of the bioactive compounds rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, hyperforin and adhyperforin followed by subsequent Correlation Analysis (CA) displayed relationships between the elemental profiles and the molecular profiles. For example strong correlations were seen between hyperoside and Cr as well as Quercetin and Fe. This shows potential for tuning elemental extractions for metal-bioactive compounds for increased bioactivity and bioavailability; however further work in needed in this area.

O uso de plantas medicinais é um dos mais antigos recursos empregados para o tratamento de enfermidades humanas e, muito do que se sabe a respeito de seu uso, vem através da sabedoria popular. A Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. espécie comum no cerrado brasileiro, é um exemplo de planta utilizada com fins medicinais. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos do extrato bruto etanólico da folha da Guazuma ulmifolia. Também foi realizado um levantamento dos seus principais efeitos farmacológicos e toxicológicos encontrados na literatura. Este foi realizado mediante revisão sistemática nas bases PUBMED, Science Direct, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS e Google Acadêmico nos meses de setembro a outubro de 2017, para isso foram utilizados os descritores: “Guazuma ulmifolia e toxicity”, “Guazuma ulmifolia e etnopharmacology” “Guazuma ulmifolia e bioactivity” e “Guazuma ulmifolia e pharmacognosy”, nos idiomas português e inglês, limitado entre os anos de 2010 a 2017. Os resultados mostraram que a G. ulmifolia apresenta, além de relatos populares de uso, uma série de estudos que podem subsidiar e justificar seu uso terapêutico, como também promissora fonte de novos compostos de interesse farmacológico. O estudo dos possíveis efeitos tóxicos da Guazuma ulmifolia foi conduzido no Laboratório de Ciências Básicas da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Tocantins. As folhas para preparo do extrato foram coletadas no município de Palmas-TO, em cinco localidades diferentes, onde o extrato bruto da planta foi extraído utilizando etanol e água, na proporção de 1:10. Os resultados dos testes fitoquímicos mostram que o extrato etanólico de Guazuma ulmifolia revelou presença de taninos, saponinas e ácidos orgânicos, que são compostos ativos de importância medicinal. O bioensaio toxicológico com Artemia salina, utilizando a metodologia de Meyer (1982), demonstra que a Guazuma ulmifolia não é tóxica. / The use of medicinal plants is one of the oldest resources used for the treatment of human diseases, and much of what is known about its use comes through popular wisdom. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. a common species in the Brazilian cerrado, is an example of a plant used for medicinal purposes. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible toxic effects of the crude ethanolic extract of Guazuma ulmifolia leaf. It was also carried out a survey of its main pharmacological and toxicological effects found in the literature. This was done by systematically reviewing PUBMED databases, Science Direct, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences - LILACS and Google Scholar from September to October 2017, for this we used the descriptors: "Guazuma ulmifolia and toxicity" Guazuma ulmifolia and bioactivity" and "Guazuma ulmifolia and pharmacognosy "in the Portuguese and English languages, limited between the years 2010 and 2017. The results showed that G. ulmifolia presents, in addition to popular reports of use, a series of studies that can subsidize and justify its therapeutic use, as well as promising source of new compounds of pharmacological interest. The study of the possible toxic effects of Guazuma ulmifolia was conducted at the Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences of the Federal University of Tocantins. The extract preparation leaves were collected in the municipality of Palmas-TO, in five different locations, where the crude extract of the plant was extracted using ethanol and water, in the proportion of 1:10. The results of the phytochemical tests show that the ethanolic extract of Guazuma ulmifolia revealed the presence of tannins, saponins and organic acids, which are active compounds of medicinal importance. The toxicological bioassay with Artemia salina, using Meyer's methodology (1982), shows that Guazuma ulmifolia is not toxic.

Sun Huimin. / Thesis submitted in: December 2002. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-89). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / TITLE PAGE --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / ABSTRACT IN CHINESE --- p.v / LIST OF PUBLICATIONS --- p.vii / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.viii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Current Status of Herbal Product Use --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Herb-drug interactions --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Mechanisms of herb-drug interaction --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Pharmacodynamic interaction --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Pharmacokinetic interaction --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.4. --- Herb-drug interaction involving drug metabolizing enzymes --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Methodologies for studying herb-drug interactions involving CYP enzymes --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Animal studies (Ex vivo approach) --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- In vitro inhibition/induction studies --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Clinical studies --- p.9 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- Effect of flavonoid-containing herbs on CYP 450 enzyme activities: a screening study in rat --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Chemicals --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Herbs --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Preparation of herbal extracts --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3.1. --- Preparation of Green Tea extract --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3.2. --- Preparation of Decaffeinated Green Tea (DGT) and its extracts --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3.3. --- "Preparation of extracts of Huang Qin, Ge Gen and Huai Mi" --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.3.4. --- Preparation of Ginkgo biloba extract suspension --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- Animal treatment --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.5. --- Preparation of rat liver microsomes --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.6. --- Determination of protein content of liver microsomes --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.7. --- Determination of microsomal CYP content --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.8. --- Statistical analysis --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Rationale of the clinical study --- p.26 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Development of HPLC methods for simultaneous determination of multiple probe drugs and their metabolites in human plasma or urine --- p.30 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Preparation of stock and working solutions --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Equipment and chromatographic conditions --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2.4. --- Treatment of plasma and urine samples with β-glucuronidase --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2.5. --- Extraction procedures --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2.6. --- Preparation of working solutions for calibration curve --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Separation of the analytes --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Calibration and linearity --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Sensitivity --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Accuracy and precision --- p.50 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.52 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.53 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Stability study of probe drugs --- p.54 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Preparation of standard solutions of probe drugs --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Preparation of stability study mediums --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.2.1. --- Gastric juice (pH=1.2) --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.2.2. --- Intestine fluid (pH=6.8) --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.2.3. --- Human plasma (pH=7.4) --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2.2.4. --- Phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- Incubation --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2.4. --- Determination of probe drug concentrations in incubation samples --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.57 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.59 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.59 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- Effect of the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf (761) on CYP isozymes in human subjects --- p.60 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.60 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- Drugs --- p.60 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Subjects --- p.61 / Chapter 6.2.3. --- Study design --- p.62 / Chapter 6.2.4. --- Determination of probe drugs/metabolites in the plasma and urine --- p.63 / Chapter 6.2.5. --- Data analysis --- p.65 / Chapter 6.2.6. --- Statistical analysis --- p.66 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.66 / Chapter 6.3.1. --- Effect of EGb761on CYP1A2 activity --- p.66 / Chapter 6.3.2. --- Effect of EGb761on CYP2E1 activity --- p.67 / Chapter 6.3.3. --- Effect of EGb761 on CYP450 3A activity --- p.68 / Chapter 6.3.4. --- Effect of EGb761 on NAT2 activity --- p.69 / Chapter 6.3.5. --- Effect of EGb761 on CYP2D6 activity --- p.70 / Chapter 6.3.6. --- Effects of EGb761 on CYP2C19 activity --- p.71 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.72 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.76 / References --- p.77 / Appendix --- p.90

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-08-30T13:16:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Jôffyli Vandenberg Morais Rodrigues.pdf: 37894327 bytes, checksum: 96d00470a43bdcfe00e188bbc27b7d0a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-08-31T18:16:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Jôffyli Vandenberg Morais Rodrigues.pdf: 37894327 bytes, checksum: 96d00470a43bdcfe00e188bbc27b7d0a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T18:16:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Jôffyli Vandenberg Morais Rodrigues.pdf: 37894327 bytes, checksum: 96d00470a43bdcfe00e188bbc27b7d0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Herbal medicines are alternatives to the pharmaceutical industry ahead the treatment of several diseases and herbal extracts are starting point’s assets inputs for the development of these products. The Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. is a characteristic plant of semi-arid and it is able to provide pharmacological activities such as analgesia and anti-inflammation due to its phytochemical composition. The objective of this study was to develop an oral solution from the nebulized extract of A. pyrifolium Mart. having anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Three batches of the oral solution were produced: one with only the excipients used in the formulation, and two others at concentrations of 12.5 and 25.0 mg.mL . The pre- -1 formulation studies were performed with this phytomedication the aid of thermoanalytical methods and analysis in the near infrared region. The pharmacological activity was assayed by the writhing test and peritonitis in mice. The percentage inhibition of pain and inflammation were quite significant, being better than the positive control in some tests using the higher concentration solution. The quality control of the formulations was evaluated through physical, chemical and microbiological parameters, the lot of concentration 12.5 mg.mL was following all the parameters. The herbal solution developed submitted good -1 results to quality control during production, proved the conservation of the pharmacological properties of the nebulized extract of A. pyrifolium Mart. highlighting the successful results of the analgesic activity obtained in the percentage inhibition of writhing numbers of 70.6% and 89.4% for lower and higher concentration solution, respectively, instead of dipyrone, the positive control of the test, submitted the percent inhibition of 77.65% of contortions. / Medicamentos fitoterápicos são alternativas aos tratamentos convencionais, frente a diversas patologias. Os extratos de plantas medicinais são insumos ativos de partida para o desenvolvimento desses produtos. A Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. é uma planta característica do semiárido e possui atividade farmacológica, como analgesia e combate à inflamação, devido a sua composição fitoquímica. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver uma solução oral a partir do extrato nebulizado de A. pyrifolium Mart. com atividade anti-inflamatória e analgésica. Foram produzidos três lotes da solução oral: um placebo contendo apenas os excipientes, e outros dois nas concentrações de 12,5 e 25,0 mg.mL . Os estudos de pré-formulação deste fitomedicamento foram realizados com o -1 auxílio de métodos termoanalíticos e por análises na região do infravermelho próximo. A atividade farmacológica foi testada por teste de contorções abdominais e peritonite em camundongos. Os percentuais de inibição da dor e de inflamação foram bastante significativos, sendo melhores que o controle positivo em alguns testes utilizando a solução de maior concentração. O controle da qualidade das formulações foi avaliado através dos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos, apresentando resultados promissores acerca dos lotes com extrato vegetal. O fitoterápico desenvolvido, além de apresentar bons resultados quanto ao controle da qualidade durante sua produção, comprovou a conservação das propriedades farmacológicas do extrato nebulizado de A. pyrifolium Mart. destacando-se com êxito nos resultados referentes à atividade analgésica, na qual obteve percentuais de inibição do número de contorções de 70,6% e 89,4% para as soluções de menor e maior concentração, respectivamente, ao passo que a dipirona, controle positivo do teste, apresentou percentual de inibição de 77,65% das contorções.

abstract: 中医药是中华文明的瑰宝，中药材是中医药文化和产业的核心。随着近年来国家相关政策出台，中药材产业的发展备受瞩目。由于中药材产业链条长，层级多，各层级间信息不对称，因而中药材市场普遍具有“假”、“乱”、“杂”的问题。 A公司的中药材全产业链服务商模式，通过对上游各主要专营商的整合，形成一定的平台综合集采能力，并开始得到下游医药厂家、药店认可，在市场逐步形成品牌号召力。本文实证研究A公司商业模式的转型对中药材市场价格的影响，进而分析中药材全产业链服务商模式在中药材行业健康发展中所发挥的积极作用。研究结果表明，上下游产销结合的中药材全产业链服务商模式，只有在形成一定收购规模，对市场价格产生一定影响的时候，才能充分释放药材质量的信号，润滑药材交易市场，提高收购价格，增加市场波动率，发挥价格发现作用。由于中药材市场的信息不对称程度较高，如果产销结合模式仍处于初级开创阶段，产销结合模式释放的药材质量信号则不足以全面改善信息不对称的状况。 / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2019