Employee turnover is an inherent challenge encountered by managers at nonprofit organizations. The purpose of this single case study was to explore the strategies some community-based organization managers used to reduce employee turnover in western New York. Five organizational managers were selected who had successfully implemented strategies to reduce employee turnover. Herzberg's 2-factor theory was the conceptual framework for this doctoral study. Data collection occurred through semistructured interviews and review of organizational documents. Data analysis involved collecting data, organizing the data into codes and themes, and interpreting and revealing information about the themes. Member checking and methodological triangulation increased the validity and reliability of the study. The 3 themes that emerged from the study were building positive relationships to promote communication, offering employee training and advancement, and recognizing that compensation is an important factor but does not influence employee behavior. Recommendations for action include redesigning processes to change organizational culture and implementing strategies to mitigate employee resignations. The findings from this study may contribute to social change, because organizational managers could use the study results to reduce employee turnover, which could lead to increased service quality in communities.

In the auditing profession, many business owners are unable to retain auditing staff. The cost to replace an auditor can cost a company as much as 150% of the auditors' annual salary. Perpetuating this problem is that some auditing business owners do not know the relationship between internal auditors' intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, and auditors' turnover intention. Grounded in Herzberg's 2- factor theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, and auditors' turnover intention. Participants included 96 members of the Central Florida Institute of Internal Auditors. Data were collected using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. Results of the multiple regression analysis indicated the model as a whole was able to significantly predict auditors' turnover intentions, F(2, 93) = 47.635, p < .001, R2 = .506. Extrinsic job satisfaction was the only significant predictor (t = -6.515, p < .001). Implications for social change include the potential for leaders to better understand predictors of involuntary turnover and the potential to save money on recruitment and training. Business owners may become more profitable through better employee retention strategies; these findings may also add to the body of knowledge for stable employment opportunities. Business owners can develop strategies to enhance the level of intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction of internal auditors. Job satisfaction of internal auditors is essential and a fundamental determinant of growth, service, and quality within an organization.

Business leaders often realize greater profitability when they have strategies to retain IT employees. However, the cost to replace IT employees creates significant challenges for business leaders. Given the growing impact of technology on operational costs, retention of IT employees is imperative. This exploratory single case study sought to identify the strategies that leaders use to increase IT employee retention. The population was 6 leaders from a military organization in Norfolk, Virginia, responsible for the retention of IT employees. Herzberg's two-factor theory was the conceptual framework for this study. The data was collected from semi-structured interviews with 6 leaders along with organization documents. Data analysis and methodological triangulation included thematic analysis to identify 7 themes in the study. These 7 themes were quality of life, telework, leadership, inclusion, and staying abreast of new technology. Implications for social change include the potential for leaders to save money on recruitment and training. It also includes organizations becoming profitable through better employee retention strategies, and it adds to the body of knowledge that leaders could use to provide stable employment opportunities to individuals. The retention rates among IT employees affect individuals, families, communities, organizations, and the economy. Implementing retention strategies may result in improving employee-employer relationships and organizational profitability.

High-stakes teacher evaluations (HSTEs) in public education influence millions of students and teachers across the U.S. Currently, there is a dearth of published quantitative research that shows the relation of HSTEs to teacher job satisfaction. The purpose of this quasiexperimental quantitative study was to determine if implementation of HSTEs in state of Hawaiʻi as part of the U.S. Department of Education's Race to the Top program initiative was related to teacher job satisfaction in public schools over time. A repeated measures analyses was conducted using archived teacher job satisfaction data from over 200 public schools in Hawaiʻi from 2009 to 2014, including data collected from 2 years before until 2 years after implementation of HSTEs. The theoretical framework used for the study was grounded in Herzberg's 2-factor theory of motivation. It was hypothesized that the implementation of HSTEs may have affected extrinsic hygiene factors such as wages, supervisory practices, and organizational policy relative to intrinsic motivational factors such as work achievement, recognition, and personal growth of teachers working in schools implementing the federal initiative. The most significant study finding was that both overall satisfaction and satisfaction with student achievement increased during the 2011-2012 implementation year and then fell below pre-implementation levels in the 2 years subsequent to implementation of HSTEs. This finding is discussed in the context of an increase in pay for public school teachers in Hawai'i during the post-implementation period. The results of this research may promote positive social change by highlighting the need for a focus on potential unintended consequences (i.e., possible negative effects on teacher job satisfaction) of federal education policies associated with HSTE systems.

The body of research related to teacher retention continues to grow but is limited concerning middle school teachers. The focus of this study was to examine the factors of job satisfaction for middle school teachers. A portion of the study compares teacher responses with Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman's 1959 study of motivation. Additional components of the study provide middle school teachers' feedback on their dispositions and recommendations to administrators and others for attracting and retaining quality middle school teachers. This qualitative study includes a review of related literature and includes a historical perspective of job satisfaction and a discussion of Herzberg's Two-Factor Motivation Theory. Teacher job satisfaction and dissatisfaction, along with current trends in teacher retention efforts, complete the review of literature. Data for the findings were obtained from a demographic survey and semi-structured interviews of current and former middle school teachers. The data were then analyzed to learn what factors encourage middle school teachers to remain in the classroom or to leave. Responses related to teacher dispositions were also analyzed. Findings of this study validate the research of Gawel (1997) based on Bellot and Tutor; salary was not found to be the highest motivator as in the Herzberg study. Instead, participants identified the work itself, their enjoyment of the early adolescent student, and their relationships with co-workers to be important areas of job satisfaction and what keeps them returning to their middle school classrooms. The personal dispositions identified by participants as necessary to being successful as a middle school teacher were a good sense of humor, a love of the age group, and being energetic, flexible, organized, enthusiastic, consistent, and firm. This study will be of interest to universities and colleges with teacher preparatory programs. It will be of interest, also, to school administrators, principals, and staff development directors in their attempts to attract and retain quality middle school teachers in their schools. In addition, the study should be of interest of boards of education, state legislators who fund education, and State Departments of Education.

Diploma thesis analyzes the current way of benefit distribution in Motorola company. First part of the thesis describes general motivation and stimulation factors. Second part describes the company's internal background. Third part analyzes the motivation factors within the company and consideres implementation of the cafeteria system.

Undersköterska inom äldreomsorgen är det vanligaste yrket i Sverige, men också den yrkeskategori som har flest sjukskrivningsdagar. Arbetsbelastningen beskrivs som hög och arbetsvillkoren bristfälliga. Den demografiska utvecklingen i Sverige bidrar till ett ökat behov av utbildad personal inom äldreomsorgen och för att möta behovet krävs både nyrekryteringar och att befintlig personal stannar kvar på sitt arbete. Anställda som trivs på sina arbeten har en högre vilja att fortsätta arbeta och anstränga sig mer för att göra ett bra jobb; trivsel kan därmed sägas vara en av faktorerna som kan bidra till att möta kompetensförsörjningsbehovet. Syftet med uppsatsen är därför att ge en fördjupad förståelse för motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse bland undersköterskor inom äldreomsorgen. Genom att intervjua nio undersköterskor som arbetar på ett vård- och omsorgsboende har faktorer som främjar respektive motverkar motivation och tillfredsställelse i deras arbete kunnat identifieras. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats med hjälp av Self-Determination Theory, Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori samt tidigare forskning om motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse bland undersköterskor inom äldreomsorgen.  Uppsatsens resultat visar att intervjupersonernas motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse till största del påverkas av arbetssituationen och av hur arbetet organiseras. Det är arbetets förutsättningar som antingen skapar möjlighet för eller hindrar intervjupersonerna att utföra den bästa möjliga omvårdnaden av brukarna, skapa goda relationer till kollegorna för att få stöd och uppskattning samt få den återhämtning de behöver under och mellan arbetspassen, vilket är avgörande för att de ska känna motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse. / The most common type of job in Sweden is to work as an Assistant Nurse in elderly care. It is also the profession with the highest level of sick leave. The job implies a heavy workload and the working conditions are far from ideal. The demographic development in Sweden contributes to an increased demand for trained staff in elderly care.  Both new recruitment and existing staff shall be required to meet this need. Employees who thrive in their jobs have a higher level of commitment and work harder to do a good job. Job satisfaction can thus be said to be one of the factors contributing to ensuring an adequate supply of necessary nursing skills. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to provide an in-depth understanding of motivation and job satisfaction amongst Assistant Nurses in elderly care. Factors that affect motivation and job satisfaction in the workplace, both positively and negatively, have been identified by interviewing 9 Assistant Nurses who work in nursing homes. The empirical data gathered in the study has been analysed utilising the Self-Determination Theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory and previous research on motivation and job satisfaction among Assistant Nurses in elderly care.  The results of this thesis reveal that on the whole, Assistant Nurses’ motivation and job satisfaction are largely affected by their work situation and by how the work is organized. The working conditions either encourage or hinder the opportunities for Assistant Nurses from preforming the best possible care of the clients, create good relationships with colleagues and get sufficient time for recuperation. This support, camaraderie and rest, both during and in-between their work shifts, is crucial for their sense of motivation and job satisfaction.

I denna studie var syftet att undersöka medarbetarnas självuppfattade faktorer till motivation att arbeta. Vidare var syftet också att undersöka huruvida dessa faktorer skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor. Studien genomfördes på en organisation som verkar inom lagerbranschen. En enkät med sju frågor, samt frågor om bakgrundsvariablerna kön och ålder, skickades ut till ca 140 medarbetare, varav 107 medverkade. Frågorna handlade om inre och yttre faktorer till motivation till arbete. Vårt resultat visar till största del att de motivationsfaktorer som togs upp i enkäten ansågs vara viktiga för majoriteten av respondenterna. De två faktorer som stack ut mest var frågan om lön och trygg anställning, där majoriteten av respondenterna ansåg dessa som viktigast. Trots att det inte förekom några statistiskt signifikanta skillnader i frågan vad gäller skillnader på män och kvinnors svar, kan man ändå dra den intressanta slutsatsen att enligt enkäten så tenderade kvinnorna att uppleva de inre motivationsfaktorerna som viktigare än vad männen gjorde. / In this study the aim was to investigate employees' self-perceived factors for motivation to work. Furthermore, the aim was also to investigate whether these factors differ between men and women. The study was conducted at an organization operating in the warehouse industry. A survey with seven questions, as well as questions about the background variables gender and age, was sent out to approximately 140 employees, of which 107 participated. The questions were about internal and external factors for motivation to work. Our results show that the motivational factors our survey covered were considered important for the majority of respondents. The two factors that stood out the most were salary and secure employment, which the majority of respondents considered to be the most important. Despite the fact that there were no statistically significant differences regarding the difference between men's and women's answers, one can still draw the interesting conclusion that according to the survey, a tendency could be seen that women considered the internal motivation factors more important than men.

I en tid då Försvarsmakten brottas med hög personalomsättning av soldater står Luftvärnsregementet i Halmstad inför en ombeväpning av historiska proportioner, med nya luftvärnssystem och en utökad organisation, för att möta det rådande säkerhetspolitiska läget i Östersjöregionen. I denna utveckling utgör den kontinuerligt anställda soldaten en viktig betydelse för att luftvärnsförbanden ska kunna lösa de tilldelade uppgifterna. För att djupare förstå och finna klarhet varför kontinuerligt anställda soldater väljer att sluta användes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod, genomsyrad av en induktiv ansats. Genom intervjuer med tidigare anställda soldater insamlades empiri som står på egen grund. Med en analysmetod inspirerad av Grounded Theory skapades det emotionella spänningsdiagrammet som förklarar varför individen väljer att sluta. I diskussionen kopplades forskningens resultat främst mot Herzbergs tvåfaktorsteori men resultatet sågs även ur ett generationsperspektiv. För den unga generation Z är personifiering genom personlig utveckling tillsammans med ledarskapet avgörande i soldaternas beslut att lämna sin anställning. Den omväxlande och utmanande verksamheten i Försvarsmakten bidrar till en stark känsla av gemenskap som i sin tur påverkar soldatens motivation att stanna kvar längre i sin anställning. Soldaten är även påverkad i sitt val att lämna eller stanna kvar vid förbandet av basala behov så som anställningsvillkor, lön och geografiskt läge. / At a time when the Swedish Armed Forces struggle with high soldier turnover, the Air Defense Regiment in Halmstad is facing a re-arming of historical proportions such as new air defense systems and an expanded organization to meet the current security policy situation in the Baltic Sea Region. In this development, the continuously employed soldier is an important factor in ensuring that the air defense units are able to fulfill their assigned tasks. In order to understand more deeply and find clarity why the continuously employed soldiers choose to leave, a qualitative research method, imbued with an inductive approach, was used. Through interviews with formerly employed soldiers empirics that stand on their own were collected. With an analysis method inspired by Grounded Theory, the emotional tension diagram was created that explains why the individual chooses to leave. In the discussion, the results of the research were mainly linked to Herzberg's two-factor theory, but the result was also seen from a generation perspective. For the young generation Z, personalization through personal development together with leadership is of major importance why the soldiers are determined to leave their employment. The varied and challenging activities of the Swedish Armed Forces contribute to a strong sense of community that affects the soldier's motivation to stay longer in one´s employment. The soldier is also influenced by basic needs in one´s choice to leave or stay at the unit such as employment conditions, salary and geographical location.

Todays’ organizations are facing low levels of employee engagement, with a tendency to decrease evenfurther. Sustainability has been found to positively affect employee engagement as it providesemployees with a higher purpose in their work. Therefore, this research study reveals leaders’perception on the contribution of sustainability towards employee engagement, with a focus onmultinational organizations in the Öresund region. This qualitative study combines Herzberg´s “Two-Factor Theory” and transformational leadership to analyze the research findings with a theoreticalframework. The results display that sustainability has a significant influence on the level of employeeengagement and various activities of organizations and leaders contribute towards this. The researchalso underlines that there is a potential for organizations to implement further strategies in this regardand thereby not only strengthen the satisfaction and loyalty of their current workforce, but also gain acompetitive advantage in the future for attracting new talents.