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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Barnmorskors tankar om hinder och möjligheter för kontinuerlig hud-mot-hud på BB / Midwives thoughts on obstacles and opportunities for continuous skin-to-skin care at maternity wards

Nilsson, Karin, Südow, Anna January 2017 (has links)
Studier har visat att hud-mot-hud har flera positiva effekter för modern och det nyfödda barnet. Trots detta upplever barnmorskor hinder för kontinuerlig hud-mot-hud under föräldraparens BB-vistelse.  Syftet med arbetet var att beskriva barnmorskors tankar kring hinder och möjligheter för kontinuerlig hud-mot-hud på barnbördshus (BB). Forskning finns om hud-mot-hud men inga specifika studier om barnmorskors tankar kring vilka hinder och möjligheter som finns för kontinuerlig hud-mot-hud under BB-vistelsen.  En intervjustudie utfördes och materialet bearbetades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att lyfta fram de viktigaste aspekterna. Resultatet som framkom belyser barnmorskors tankar om hinder och möjligheter vid implementering av kontinuerlig hud-mot-hud under barnets första dygn på BB. Resultatet av studien visade att barnmorskorna största hinder var brist på riktlinjer, förekomsten av barnsängar, bristande föräldrainformation, platsbrist, samt föräldrarnas kulturella bakgrund och personalens attityder. De möjligheter som lyftes fram var enkelrum, bärhjälpmedel såsom tubtopp eller bärsjal, samt att utbilda föräldrarna under graviditeten. Vårdhandlingen införlivas lättast om de blivande föräldrar deltar i förberedande föräldrakurser under graviditeten, samt att personalen är välutbildade och uppmuntrar till hud-mot-hud. / Studies have shown that skin-to-skin care has several positive effects for both the mother and the newborn. Despite this, midwifes experience that it can be difficult to get parents to implement the skin-to-skin care continuously during its stay the maternity ward.  The aim of the thesis is to describe midwives’ thoughts on the obstacles and opportunities for continuous skin-to-skin care at the maternity ward. There are studies on skin-to-skin care but no specific studies regarding midwives’ thoughts on the obstacles and opportunities for continuous skin-to-skin care during maternity stay. An interview study was conducted, and the material was processed using qualitative content analysis to highlight the main points. The result highlighted midwives’ thoughts on the obstacles and opportunities in the implementation of continuous skin-to-skin contact during the child's first days in the maternity ward. The results of the study showed that midwives biggest obstacles are the hospital baby beds, as well as lack of guidelines, parental information, private rooms, and the parents' cultural background and the staff attitudes. The opportunities that arouse were private rooms, aids such as tube tops or slings, and prenatal parental training during pregnancy. Skin-to-skin care can most easily be implemented when parents participate in preparatory parenting training, and when the staff is well trained and encourage implementing skin-to-skin care.
32

Photophysical Investigations of Thiophene Azomethine Derivatives

Bourque, Alex N. 08 1900 (has links)
Une série de dimères composés de thiophène-aniline encombrée stériquement a été synthétisée. Les différents processus de désactivation de l’état singulet excité ont été étudiés par UV-visible, fluorescence, phosphorescence, photolyse par impulsion laser et calculs théoriques. Les graphiques de Stern-Volmer obtenus à partir des expériences de désactivation des états singulet et triplet ont démontré l’efficacité de l’azométhine à désactiver les fluorophores. Les calculs semi-empiriques AM1 examinant l’effet des substituants encombrés ont démontrés que les groupements tert-butyls sur l’aniline ont moins d’influence sur la barrière de rotation N-aryl que les substitutions alkyles en ont sur la rotation de thiophène-C. Les calculs Rehm-Weller basés sur les potentiels d’oxydation et de réduction ont montré que l’autodésactivation de l’état excité des azométhines se fait par transfert d’électron photoinduit menant à une éradication complète de la fluorescence. Des complexes métalliques contenant des ligands azométhines ont aussi été préparés. Le ligand est composé d’une unité hydroxyquinoline lié à un cycle thiophène. Les données photophysiques de ces complexes indiquent un déplacement bathochromique aussi bien en absorbance qu’en fluorescence. Des dispositifs de détection d’ion métallique ont été préparés et un exemple à partir d’une solution de cuivre a montré un déplacement bathochromique. / A series of sterically hindered thiophene-aniline azomethine dyads were prepared. The decay pathways that deactivate the singlet excited state were studied using UV-vis fluorescence and phosphorescence, laser flash photolysis and quantum calculations. Stern-Volmer relationships, derived from singlet and triplet state quenching experiments, showed that azomethines efficiently deactivate the singlet and triplet excited states of fluorophores with bimolecular kinetics. AM1 Semi-empirical quantum calculations examining the effect of bulky substituents on the bond rotational barriers demonstrate that bulky tert-butyl groups attached to the aniline moiety have less influence on the N-aryl bond rotation barrier than alkyl substitutions do on the thiophene-CH bond rotation barrier. Rehm-Weller calculations based on electrochemical potentials demonstrate that azomethines self-quench their excited states via fast and efficient intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer leading to complete fluorescence suppression. Metal complexes containing an azomethine ligand were also prepared. The ligand contains a hydroxyquinoline moiety linked with a thiophene ring. Photophysical investigations of the resulting metal complexes demonstrated significant bathochromic shifts in the absorbance and fluorescence spectra. Metal-ion sensing devices for water solutions were prepared by spin casting the ligand onto glass slides. The metal-ion sensor detected copper in water solutions through a bathochromic shift in the absorbance maximum.
33

Photophysical Investigations of Thiophene Azomethine Derivatives

Bourque, Alex N. 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
34

Photodegradation of selected pharmaceuticals using magnetic-carbon dot loaded on different TiO2 nanostructures.

Moshoeu, Edna Dimakatso 11 1900 (has links)
M.Tech. (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / To replace the conventional wastewater treatment technology, photocatalysis has the best potential due to its utilization of visible light to photodegrade organic and inorganic contaminants. However, agglomeration of nanoparticles leads to serious decrease in photocatalytic performance when applied in slurry form, due to hindrance effect. TiO2 semiconductor photocatalyst mediated advanced oxidation process is referred to as one of the most efficient technologies to degrade organic pollutants in water. However, TiO2 semiconductor for water purification hinders large scale applicability due to poor activity under visible light and the recombination of photogenerated electron and hole pairs. The modification of TiO2 semiconductor photocatalyst with carbon dots (CDs) is of high importance due to low toxicity, aqueous stability, enhanced surface area, economic feasibility, good biocompatibility and chemical inertness of CDs. Herein, strategies are highlighted to improve the activity of TiO2 semiconductor photocatalyst by coupling it with CDs and Fe2O3. In this study, we study the morphological influence of TiO2 nanostructures on photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride present in industrial wastewater. TiO2 nanostructures, nanotubes, nanospheres and nanofibers were Synthesized using the hydrothermal technique. TiO2 nanotubes, nanofibers and nanospheres were prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 nanoparticles with different NaOH concentrations (5, 10 and 12 N) at 120 and 140 ˚C; afterwards, HCl was added until it reached pH 2. Both the crystalline phase and coordination of the TiO2 nanotubes, nanofibers and nanospheres were composed principally. Likewise, the surface area, pore volume and pore size of the TiO2 nanotubes, nanofibers and nanospheres changed with the NaOH rinsing treatment. The photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation were strongly enhanced by the nanofibers and nanotubes in the basic and acid media, respectively, showing a relationship between their structure and the medium. TiO2 nanostructures and the composite material were characterized by scanning electron microscope\SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). BET surface area analysis was carried out using nitrogen adsorption desorption curves. The results show that TiO2 morphology had great influence on photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride due to difference in specific surface area and pore volume of nanostructures. The photocatalytic degradation experiments were carried out for three hours under visible-LED light. TiO2 nanofibers show better degradation performance than nanotubes and nanospheres due to presence of large surface area for reaction, higher porosity with dispersion of active sites at different length scales of pores and presence of oxygen vacancies. Agricultural biomass pine bark serves as a carbon source and was doped into TiO2-nanofibers (TNF) to fabricate the composite material (CD-TNF). CD-TNF composite nanofibers were prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. This study revealed that the photocatalytic efficiency of tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation of the composite nanofiber is higher than that of pure TiO2-nanofiber. The anchored CDs can both enhance the light absorption and suppress photogenerated electron hole recombination which results in the enhancement of catalytic and antibacterial properties. The CDs can better capture and transfer photogenerated electrons through the Ti-O-C and Fe-O-C bonds. Moreover, CDs can improve the utilization of photogenerated electrons and the electrons in CDs are captured by O2 to produce O2•- radicals and the role of O2•- radicals in the photocatalytic process is significantly improved. A new efficient photocatalyst consisting of TiO2/CD/Fe2O3 composite material was Synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment and applied in the photodegradation of 5 mg/L tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under visible-LED light. The CDs/TiO2/Fe2O3 composite showed enhanced photocatalytic performance for tetracycline photodegradation when compared with TiO2/CDs and pure TiO2 under the visible light irradiation. The mechanism of the improved photocatalytic activity over CDs/TiO2/Fe2O3 was also investigated. The influence of the interface formation between Fe2O3 and TiO2/CDs affects severely the charges separation efficiency and enhances the electron transfer to keep on the existence of Fe3+/Fe2+ moieties that take significant role in the reaction mechanism.
35

Novel, universal electrochemical DNA-based signaling mechanisms for molecular detection in a drop of blood

Zhu, Guichi 10 1900 (has links)
Une percée majeure aura lieu dans le domaine de la santé lorsque les patients pourront surveiller les molécules indicatives de leurs conditions médicales dans le confort de leur salon. L’efficacité d’une telle stratégie a déjà été validée par des millions de patients diabétiques via l’utilisation du glucomètre. Toutefois, des technologies de détection similaires restent à être développées pour améliorer le traitement de d’autres maladies chroniques. Les capteurs électrochimiques à base d’ADN (capteurs eDNA) ont récemment attiré beaucoup d’attention grâce à leur capacité à détecter plusieurs marqueurs moléculaires dans le sang tout en utilisant un dispositif bon marché et facile d’utilisation. Dans ce type de capteurs, l’ADN est typiquement employé comme élément de reconnaissance ou pour concevoir le mécanisme de signalisation permettant de capturer des cibles moléculaires spécifiques et traduire cet événement de liaison en un signal électrochimique. Des défis particuliers, toutefois, limitent toujours la commercialisation des capteurs eDNA. Par exemple, la plupart de ces capteurs produisent encore d’importantes variations non spécifiques du courant électrique lorsque plongés dans un échantillon de sang. De plus, ces capteurs demeurent sensibles au processus de fabrication et au vieillissement, et nécessitent des modifications chimiques complexes et un long processus d’optimisation pour leur mise au point. L’objectif principal de ma thèse consiste à régler ces limitations via le développement de nouveaux mécanismes de signalisation plus performants. Dans le chapitre 2, nous introduisons un nouveau type de capteurs eDNA basé sur l’hybridation d’ADN que nous avons nommé « essaie d’hybridation électrochimique par encombrement stérique et inhibition rédox (eSHRI) ». Ce mécanisme de signalisation potentiellement universel intègre trois niveaux d’encombrement stérique et un nouveau mécanisme d’inhibition rédox par contact. Nous avons démontré que le eSHRI peut détecter et quantifier de faibles concentrations (nanomolaire) de protéines dans une goutte de sang en moins de 3 min via une diminution de signal électrique allant jusqu’à -93.6 ± 1.36 % du signal initial. De plus, l’essai d’hybridation eSHRI demeure essentiellement indépendant de la densité du brin de capture à la surface de l’électrode et donc insensible aux variations lors de la fabrication et du vieillissement du capteur. Malgré ses caractéristiques impressionnantes, le eSHRI requiert généralement des modifications chimiques complexes pour attacher l’élément de reconnaissance et l’élément rédox à la même extrémité du brin d’ADN. Ainsi, dans le chapitre 3, nous avons développé un nouveau mécanisme de signalisation potentiellement universel, l’essaie de barrière moléculaire, qui nécessite uniquement une modification par brin d’ADN. Dans cet essai, l’élément de reconnaissance et l’élément rédox sont respectivement conjugués à l’ADN de capture (surface de l’électrode) et l’ADN de signalisation (libre en solution). L’essai fonctionne via la formation d’une barrière moléculaire utilisant l’analyte à détecter, une protéine. Lorsque cette dernière se lie à la surface du capteur, cela réduit l’efficacité d’hybridation entre l’ADN de signalisation et l’ADN de capture. En utilisant ce nouveau capteur, nous avons démontré la détection de deux protéines, la streptavidine et un anticorps, directement dans une goutte de sang. Ces dernières années, les anticorps à base d’ADN, nommés aptamères, ont considérablement augmenté notre capacité à détecter des analytes cliniquement pertinents. Toutefois, les capteurs eDNA à base d’aptamères nécessitent un long processus de développement et d’optimisation, et demeurent très dépendants de la densité de surface tout en présentant d’importantes variations de signal lorsqu'ils sont déployés dans le sang. Dans le chapitre 4, nous introduisons un essai simple, hautement modulable et universel qui emploie une chimie dynamique constitutionnelle (CDC) cinétiquement programmée. Cet essai fonctionne en programmant la cinétique de trois réactions concurrentes permettant la détection moléculaire directement dans une goutte de sang. Nous avons démontré que cet essai est potentiellement universel en détectant quantitativement quatre marqueurs moléculaires : la quinine, l’ATP, la thrombine et la PDGF. Nous avons également démontré le potentiel de ce nouveau capteur en exécutant un suivi direct de la quinine dans le sang de souris vivantes. En sommes, nous croyons que ces nouveaux mécanismes de signalisation permettent de résoudre les principales limitations des capteurs eDNA actuels et présentent toutes les caractéristiques pour être développés en dispositifs commercialisables analogues aux glucomètres. / A breakthrough will occur in the healthcare system when patients are allowed to monitor blood molecules indicative of their condition in the comfort of their home. Such an objective has already been realized for diabetic patients through the development of the glucometer. Similar sensors urgently need to be developed to improve the monitoring and treatment of other chronic conditions. Electrochemical DNA-based sensors (eDNA sensors) have recently attracted increasing attention due to their ability to detect multiple blood markers using low-cost and easy-to-use devices. In eDNA sensors, DNA is typically employed either as a recognition element or to design a signaling mechanism that captures specific target molecules and transduces this binding event into an electrochemical signal. Specific challenges, however, limit the commercialization process of eDNA sensors. For example, most eDNA sensors exhibit strong baseline drift when employed in blood, remain sensitive to fabrication processes and aging, and require complex chemical modification and time-consuming optimization processes. The main objective of my Ph.D. project was to solve these limitations through the development of novel improved signaling mechanisms. Chapter 2 introduces a novel hybridization-based eDNA sensing architecture called electrochemical steric hindrance and redox inhibition (eSHRI) hybridization assay. This potentially universal signaling mechanism integrates three levels of steric hindrance and a novel contact redox inhibition mechanism. We have shown that eSHRI can detect low nanomolar concentrations of protein analytes in a drop of blood in less than 3 min with up to -93.6 ± 1.36 % in signal gain. Moreover, the eSHRI hybridization assay remains primarily independent of the sensor density on the surface of the electrode and thus insensitive towards variations in fabrication or aging time. Despite its impressive characteristics, eSHRI may see its universality limited by the complicated chemical modifications required to attach both the recognition element and the redox molecule on the same extremity of a DNA strand. In response, in chapter 3, we develop a novel, potentially universal signaling mechanism, the molecular barrier-based assay, that only requires a single modification of its DNA strands. In this assay, the recognition element and redox molecule are conjugated to the surface-attached capturing DNA and the free-moving signaling DNA. The assay works by having the protein analytes create a molecular barrier upon binding to the sensor surface, reducing the hybridization efficiency between the capturing DNA and the signaling DNA. Using this novel sensor, we have demonstrated the detection of two proteins, streptavidin and antibody, directly in a drop of blood. DNA-based antibodies, called aptamers, have drastically expanded our ability to detect a large proportion of clinically relevant analytes in recent years. However, the development of aptamer-based eDNA sensors still requires a long optimization process, remains highly dependent on specific surface densities, and displays significant signal drift when deployed in the blood. In response, we present in chapter 4 a simple, highly modular, universal assay that employs kinetically programmed constitutional dynamical chemistry (CDC). This assay works by programming the kinetics of three competing reactions to enable molecular detection directly in a drop of blood. We show that this assay is potentially universal by demonstrating the quantitative detection of four molecular markers: quinine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thrombin, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). We further show the point-of-care potential of this new sensor by performing direct quinine monitoring in living mouse blood. Overall, we believe that these new sensing mechanisms solve the main weaknesses of current eDNA sensors and display all the characteristics required for the development of commercialized devices analogous to glucose meters.
36

Topologically Designed Cylindrical and Spherical Building Blocks to Construct Modular-Assembled Structures in Giant Shape-Amphiphiles

JIANG, JING 24 May 2018 (has links)
No description available.
37

Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Einflusses von infrastrukturellen und betrieblichen Faktoren auf die spezifischen Kosten der Eisenbahninfrastruktur

Alsalamat, Hassan 05 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Die Arbeit ist ein Beitrag zur betrieblich-ökonomischen Optimierung der Eisenbahninfrastruktur auf der Grundlage ihres Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnisses. Der wesentliche Inhalt der Arbeit ist die Erarbeitung einer Methodik, mit deren Hilfe die Kosten einer Eisenbahnstrecke je fahrbarer Zugtrasse, basierend auf Streckenstandards, der Deutsche Bahn AG, berechnet werden können.
38

Synthesis of Novel Extremely Sterically Hindered Tertiary Alkylamines

Shoker, Tharallah A. 18 April 2018 (has links)
Three advanced methodologies for the preparation of extremely sterically hindered tertiary alkyl amines have been developed. The syntheses of 28 novel tertiary alkylamines that accommodate unusual steric hindrance are detailed. The electrophilic amination of alkyl Grignard reagents with N-chlorodialkylamines, in the presence of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) as a key additive, gives a variety of unprecedentedly sterically hindered tertiary alkylamines in good yields. Alternative strategy to 1-adamantyl-substituted (1-Ad) sterically hindered tertiary amines, which involved instead an SN1 reaction between 1-Ad cation with various secondary amines, is described. A complementary strategy to 1-Ad-based sterically hindered tertiary amines, which involves an iminium salt intermediate, is also reported. Salient features of the three protocols that are detailed here include unusual tolerance of steric hindrance, mild reaction conditions employed, ease of product isolation-purification, and absence of catalysts/transition metals. The molecular structures of two faithful examples of extremely sterically hindered tertiary alkylamines were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and the height “h” of nitrogen pyramid of these compounds were measured. The NMR spectra show a restriction in rotation at room temperature among many hindered tertiary amines, and some of them exhibit two complete sets of peaks for two non-equivalent rotamers at room temperature. 15N NMR has been applied to study the structural changes in highly sterically hindered tertiary amines. Most of these compounds have been shown to undergo Hofmann type elimination reaction upon thermolysis at 100 degree in inert solvents, like toluene. / In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden drei Methoden zur Synthese von tertitären Aminen mit extremer sterischer Hinderung entwickelt und zur Synthese von 28 neuen tertiären Alkylaminen mit entsprechender sterischer Hinderung angewendet. Die elektrophile Aminierung von Grignard-Reagenzien mit N-Chlordialkylaminen, unter Zusatz von N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylendiamin (TMEDA) als Schlüsselkomponente, ermöglicht einen einfachen Zugang zu einer Vielzahl von tertiären Aminen mit extremer sterischer Hinderung mit guten Ausbeuten. Eine alternative Synthesestrategie unter SN1-Bedingungen führt zu sterisch-gehinderten 1-Adamantyl-substituierten (1-Ad) tertiären Aminen durch die Reaktion eines 1-Ad-Kations mit unterschiedlichen sterisch-gehinderten sekundären Aminen. Angelehnt an die zuvor beschriebene Reaktion können auch sterisch gehinderte Imine über eine Iminium-Salz-Zwischenstufe zu sterisch-gehinderten 1-Ad-substituierten tertiären Aminen umgesetzt werden. Auch in diesen Fall zeichnet sich die Reaktion durch eine bemerkenswerte Toleranz gegenüber sterischer Hinderung, milden Reaktionsbedingungen, leichte Produktisolierbarkeit und die Abwesenheit von Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren aus. Die molekulare Struktur zweier repräsentativer tertiärer Alkylamine mit extremer sterischer Hinderung wurde mittels Röntgeneinkristallstrukturanalyse untersucht und die Höhe “h” ihrer Stickstoff-Pyramide bestimmt. Die NMR-Spektren zeigen bei RT eine Einschränkung der freien Rotation um die N-C-Bindungsachse, teilweise führt dies zu vollständig getrennten Signalsätzen für die einzelnen Rotamere. 15N-NMR-Spektroskopie wurde ebenfalls zur Untersuchung von Strukturveränderungen genutzt. In inerten Lösungsmitteln, wie Toluol, zeigen die Verbindungen bei 100 °C in den meisten Fällen eine Hofmann-Eliminierung.
39

Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Einflusses von infrastrukturellen und betrieblichen Faktoren auf die spezifischen Kosten der Eisenbahninfrastruktur

Alsalamat, Hassan 25 June 2012 (has links)
Die Arbeit ist ein Beitrag zur betrieblich-ökonomischen Optimierung der Eisenbahninfrastruktur auf der Grundlage ihres Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnisses. Der wesentliche Inhalt der Arbeit ist die Erarbeitung einer Methodik, mit deren Hilfe die Kosten einer Eisenbahnstrecke je fahrbarer Zugtrasse, basierend auf Streckenstandards, der Deutsche Bahn AG, berechnet werden können.

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