Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar três métodos de avaliação de contaminação ambiental, sendo dois aplicados em um modelo biológico, a espécie Achirus lineatus (Achiridae, Pleuronectiformes) e o terceiro na ictiofauna da baía de Santos e do canal de Bertioga. As amostras foram coletadas mensalmente no ano de 2005 utilizando-se uma rede de arrasto de fundo com um esforço de pesca de 10 minutos. Foram capturados cerca de 40.000 espécimes, dentre eles 260 do modelo biológico. O estudo da dinâmica populacional e reprodutiva indicou que A. lineatus passa todo seu ciclo de vida na região de estudo, com evidências de movimentação entre baía Santos e canal de Bertioga para áreas mais internas do estuário. O índice de lesão do fígado indicou que a estação oceanográfica localizada no canal de Bertioga refletiu o maior grau de contaminação; não houve indícios de intersexo nas gônadas como evidência da presença de disruptores endócrinos no ambiente. A análise elemental PIXE para detecção de metais em tecido muscular revelou um alto grau de contaminação por diversos metais tanto na baía de Santos como no canal de Bertioga, alguns dos quais não detectados por análises químicas. Os indicadores ecológicos analisados, índices de diversidade e o índice ABC, não forneceram um diagnóstico quanto à higidez dos peixes, entretanto, refletiram o esperado para a região de estudo. / The goal of this work was to analyze three evaluation methods of environmental contamination, two of them being applied in a biological model, the species Achirus lineatus (Achiridae, Pleuronectiformes), and the third in the Santos bay and Bertioga channel ichthyofauna. Samples were collected monthly during the year of 2005, using an otter trawl within a 10-minute catch effort. The study of population and reproductive dynamics showed that A. lineatus spends all of its life cycle in the region studied, with evident displacement between Santos bay and the Bertioga channel to inner areas of the estuary. The rate of liver injury showed the station in the Bertioga channel with the greatest degree of contamination; there were no trace of intersex in the gonads as evidence of endocrine disrupter chemical presence in the environment. The PIXE elemental analysis for metal detection in muscular tissue showed high degree of contamination caused by several metals in Santos bay and in Bertioga channel, some of these elements were not detected by chemical analysis. The ecological indicators analyzed, diversity index and ABC index had not supplied one good diagnosis about the fishs health, but they had reflected what was expected to the studied region.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi diagnosticar a doença inflamatória intestinal crônica em cães acometidos por sinais gastrointestinais bem como avaliar a contribuição de diferentes parâmetros utilizados no diagnóstico desta afecção. Para tanto, 20 cães apresentando sinais compatíveis com a doença foram incluídos no estudo (grupo afetado) e comparados com 20 animais saudáveis (grupo controle). Foram atribuídos escores clínicos e realizadas avaliações endoscópicas e histopatológicas dos animais do grupo afetado. Amostras de sangue e fezes de ambos os grupos foram coletadas, armazenadas a -80°C e, posteriormente, utilizadas para a mensuração de TNF-alpha, proteína C-reativa, calprotectina, proteína S100A12, Folato e Cobalamina. A mediana dos valores de albumina sérica foi 3,17 e apenas um animal apresentou hipoalbuminemia. Todas as avaliações endoscópicas mostraram algum grau de alteração nos parâmetros avaliados, sendo que o edema e a hiperemia foram os mais observados. Quanto à avaliação histopatológica, processos do tipo linfocítico plasmocítico foram os mais diagnosticados, presentes em 12 dos 17 acometimentos gástricos, nove dos 15 acometimentos duodenais e nove de 11 acometimentos colônicos. Quando se analisam os escores atribuídos aos parâmetros gástricos, 67,3% das avaliações foram consideradas normais, enquanto que 27,4% foram considerados com alterações leves. Para os fragmentos duodenais, 55,3% das avaliações demonstraram tecidos normais enquanto que 36,0% foram considerados com alterações leves. No que se refere ao cólon, apenas 38,6% dos parâmetros avaliados foram normais enquanto que 45,4% receberam avaliações de alterações leves. As medianas dos escores atribuídos para estômago, duodeno e cólon foram, respectivamente, 3; 3 e 6. A comparação entre valores de proteína C-reativa entre grupo afetado e controle apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante. Esta diferença também foi significante quando se comparou o grupo controle aos subgrupos afetado I e afetado II. Embora valores séricos de calprotectina não foram estatisticamente significantes, a mensuração fecal desta proteína foi mostrou diferença significante entre os grupos. Em relação mensuração sanguínea da proteína S100A12, os valores de medianas de ambos os grupos foram próximos (195,90 µg/L e 195,55 µg/L para grupos afetado e controle, respectivamente) e a comparação entre estes valores não foi estatisticamente significante. Esta diferença também não foi significante na comparação dos valores fecais. Mensurações de folato e cobalamina não se mostraram estatisticamente significante na comparação entre animais afetados e sadios. Observaram-se correlações entre valores de proteína C-reativa e escore clínico, proteína C reativa e escore histopatológico do cólon, albumina e calprotectina fecal, albumina e S100A12 fecal, valores séricos de S100A12 e calprotectina, valores fecais de S100A12 e calprotectina. / The purpose of this study was to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease in dogs with gastrointestinal signs as well as to evaluate the contribution of different parameters used in the diagnosis of this disease. Twenty dogs with compatible signs of the disease were included in the study (affected group) and compared with 20 healthy animals (control group). Clinical scores were assigned and endoscopic and histopathological analysis were performed in affected animals. Samples of blood and feces were collected from both groups, stored at -80°C and then used to measure TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein, calprotectin, S100A12 protein, folate and cobalamin. Seric albumin median level was 3.17g/dL and only one animal had hypoalbuminemia. All endoscopic evaluations showed some degree of change in the assessed parameters, and hyperemia and edema were the most frequently ones observed. In the histopathological evaluation, lymphocytic plasmocytic process was the most frequently diagnosed (12 out 17 gastric conditions, nine out 15 duodenal conditions and nine out 11 colonic conditions). When analyzing the scores assigned to the gastric parameters, 67.3% of the evaluations were considered normal, while 27.4% presented slight alterations. For duodenal fragments, 55.3% of the evaluations showed normal tissue, while 36.0% were considered slightly altered. Regarding the colon, only 38.6% of these parameters were normal, whereas 45.4% of the evaluations presented slight changes. The median of the scores assigned to the stomach, duodenum and colon were 3, 3 and 6, respectively. The comparison of the Creactive protein values between affected and control groups showed statistical difference. This difference was also significant when comparing the control group to affected I and affected II subgroups. Although seric values of calprotectin werent statistically significant, fecal data statistically differed between the groups. Regarding seric protein S100A12 measurement, the median values of both groups were similar (195.90 mg/L and 195.55 mg/L for the affected and control groups, respectively) and the difference between these values was not statistically significant. The comparison between fecal S100A12 protein values didnt showed a significant difference. Folate and cobalamin measurements showed no statistical difference when comparing healthy and affected animals. A direct positive correlation was found between C-reactive protein and clinical score. C-reactive protein and histopathological score of colon, albumin and fecal calprotectin, albumin and fecal protein S100A12, seric protein S100A12 and seric calprotetin and fecal protein S100A12 and fecal calprotectin were correlated.

<p>The incidence of breast cancer is rising steadily in Sweden and the proportion of carcinoma in situ (CIS) has increased appreciably, most likely due to mammography screening. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine risk factors for subsequent invasive breast carcinoma and breast cancer death after primary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and (2) to study the biology in the progress between in situ and invasive carcinoma.</p><p> In a cohort-study based on 3,398 women with a primary CIS reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry (SCR) 1980-1992, women diagnosed in 1989-1992 ran a relative risk of 0.1 (CI 95%, 0.0-0.9) from dying of breast cancer as compared with women diagnosed in 1980-1982. Women in counties with mammography screening ran a relative risk of 0.2 (CI 95%, 0.0-2.1) for breast cancer death in comparison with women in non-screening counties.</p><p> In a case-control study derived from all 4,661 women with primary CIS reported to the SCR 1960-1992, we investigated risk factors for subsequent invasive breast carcinoma (n=118) and breast cancer death (n=39). Large size and multifocality were found to increase the risk for breast cancer death. Postoperative radiotherapy and mastectomy lowered the risk for ipsilateral invasive cancer.</p><p> The standardised incidence rates (SIR) for invasive breast cancer were estimated in the cohort from 1980-1992. The SIR after primary DCIS and primary lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) was 4.5 (CI 95%, 3.7-5.5) and 4.0 (CI 95%, 2.1-7.5), respectively.</p><p> New histopathological classification systems for DCIS were evaluated in 195 women consecutively diagnosed with primary DCIS between 1986-1994. One group with highly differentiated lesions was defined with the EORTC classification system and had an excellent prognosis.</p><p> Histopathological grade and expression of p53, c-erbB-2, Ki 67, hormone receptors, Bcl-2 and angiogenesis were compared in 626 women with either a pure DCIS, a small invasive carcinoma or a lesion with both an invasive and in situ component. When grade was taken into account, no change in tumour markers could be detected that signalled the progression from an in situ stage to invasiveness. All tumour markers correlated to grade and their distribution was very similar in the two components of mixed lesions.</p>

The incidence of breast cancer is rising steadily in Sweden and the proportion of carcinoma in situ (CIS) has increased appreciably, most likely due to mammography screening. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine risk factors for subsequent invasive breast carcinoma and breast cancer death after primary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and (2) to study the biology in the progress between in situ and invasive carcinoma. In a cohort-study based on 3,398 women with a primary CIS reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry (SCR) 1980-1992, women diagnosed in 1989-1992 ran a relative risk of 0.1 (CI 95%, 0.0-0.9) from dying of breast cancer as compared with women diagnosed in 1980-1982. Women in counties with mammography screening ran a relative risk of 0.2 (CI 95%, 0.0-2.1) for breast cancer death in comparison with women in non-screening counties. In a case-control study derived from all 4,661 women with primary CIS reported to the SCR 1960-1992, we investigated risk factors for subsequent invasive breast carcinoma (n=118) and breast cancer death (n=39). Large size and multifocality were found to increase the risk for breast cancer death. Postoperative radiotherapy and mastectomy lowered the risk for ipsilateral invasive cancer. The standardised incidence rates (SIR) for invasive breast cancer were estimated in the cohort from 1980-1992. The SIR after primary DCIS and primary lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) was 4.5 (CI 95%, 3.7-5.5) and 4.0 (CI 95%, 2.1-7.5), respectively. New histopathological classification systems for DCIS were evaluated in 195 women consecutively diagnosed with primary DCIS between 1986-1994. One group with highly differentiated lesions was defined with the EORTC classification system and had an excellent prognosis. Histopathological grade and expression of p53, c-erbB-2, Ki 67, hormone receptors, Bcl-2 and angiogenesis were compared in 626 women with either a pure DCIS, a small invasive carcinoma or a lesion with both an invasive and in situ component. When grade was taken into account, no change in tumour markers could be detected that signalled the progression from an in situ stage to invasiveness. All tumour markers correlated to grade and their distribution was very similar in the two components of mixed lesions.

Με στόχο την απομόνωση και χαρακτηρισμό εγγενών μυκοπαράσιτων του φυτοπαθογόνου μύκητα Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, απομονώθηκαν 199 υποψήφια μυκοπαράσιτα από χώματα καλλιεργουμένων εδαφών ή κήπων της δυτικής Ελλάδας. Από την προκαταρκτική αξιολόγηση των μυκοπαράσιτων αυτών επιλέχθηκαν τα πλέον αποτελεσματικά δεκαοκτώ, τα οποία αξιολογήθηκαν σε άγαρ ύδατος, σε αποστειρωμένο χώμα και σε μη-αποστειρωμένο (φυσικό χώμα). Σε γενικές γραμμές τα 18 μυκοπαράσιτα έδωσαν υψηλά επίπεδα παρασιτισμού του φυτοπαθογόνου απουσία ενδογενών ανταγωνιστών ενώ ένα από τα απομονωθέντα στελέχη του γένους Gliocladium παρουσίασε άριστα αποτελέσματα και παρουσία ενδογενών ανταγωνιστών. Ειδικότερα η απομόνωση Α-9 εκδήλωσε άριστη ανταγωνιστική δράση. Η μορφή του μολύσματος (υφές, σπόρια) αλλά και το περιβάλλον (άγαρ ύδατος, αποστειρωμένο και μη αποστειρωμένο χώμα) επηρεάζουν αποφασιστικά την συμπεριφορά και ικανότητα μυκοπαρασιτισμού των μυκοπαράσιτων με αποτέλεσμα στα πειράματα αξιολόγησης να παρατηρούνται σημαντικές διαφορές. Τα πλέον σταθερά στην συμπεριφορά τους ήταν τρία στελέχη που ανήκουν στο γένος Gliocladium. Ο ανταγωνισμός που υφίστανται τα προστιθέμενα μυκοπαράσιτα από τα ιθαγενή μικρόβια είναι σημαντικός και είναι ένας παράγοντας που θα πρέπει να λαμβάνεται σοβαρά υπόψη. Η ιστοπαθολογική μελέτη του παρασιτισμού των σκληρωτίων έδειξε ότι ένα από τα απομονωθέντα στελέχη του γένους Gliocladium ήταν το ταχύτερο και καταστρεπτικότερο μυκοπαράσιτο των σκληρωτίων του φυτοπαθογόνου μύκητα. Αρχικά διαπιστώθηκαν οι υφές του μυκοπαράσιτου κάτω από τον φλοιό του σκληρωτίου και λίγο αργότερα στην εντεριώνη. Παράλληλα σχηματίσθηκαν τα πρώτα χλαμυδοσπόρια κοντά στον φλοιό ακολουθούμενα από την εμφάνιση μεγάλα διάκενων. Τελικά οι υφές του μυκοπαράσιτου αποίκισαν ολόκληρο το σκληρώτιο και ακολούθησε αποδιοργάνωση του σκληρωτίου. Η μελέτη στο ηλεκτρονικό μικροσκόπιο σάρωσης έδειξε ότι η βλάστηση των σπορίων γενικεύεται στις 15 ώρες επώασης. Στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις διαπιστώθηκε περιπλάνηση των βλαστικών σωλήνων πριν τη διείσδυσή τους εντός του σκληρωτίου, ενώ δεν διαπιστώθηκε σχηματισμός απρεσσορίων και διακλαδώσεων του βλαστικού σωλήνα. Τα πειράματα θερμοκηπίου έδειξαν ότι το πλέον καταστρεπτικό μυκοπαράσιτο του γένους Gliocladium συνέβαλε στη μέγιστη προστασία των σποριόφυτων λάχανου έναντι του φυτοπαθογόνου μύκητα S. sclerotiorum, γεγονός που υποδηλώνει ότι το μυκοπαράσιτο αυτό μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την αποτελεσματική καταπολέμηση του φυτοπαθογόνου μύκητα στον αγρό. / In order to isolate and characterize endogenous mycoparasites against the phytopathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, we isolated 199 candidate mycoparasites from soils of western Greece. Preliminary evaluation resulted in the isolation of 18 isolates with significant mycoparasitic efficiency. Evaluation of these isolates in water agar, sterilized soil and natural soil gave good results upon the parasitism of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum and revealed that one of them belonging to genus Gliocladium was the most efficient under all tried conditions. This isolate showed high efficiency at both presence and absence of endogenous antagonist. Particularly, isolation A-9 revealed excellent antagonistic action. Histopathology studies demonstrated that the isolated A-9 (Gliocladium spp) was the most fast in parasitizing and destroying the sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. At the beginning of the infection, there were observed mycoparasite hyphae under the rind and little later into the medulla of the sclerotia. At the same time the first chlamydospores were formed near the rind followed by the appearance of gaps. Finally, the mycoparasite hyphae colonize the whole sclerotium leading to there disorganization. The added mycoparasites face out strong antagonism from the indigenous microorganism and this (antagonism) is an agent that must be seriously taken account. The scanning electron microscopy study showed spore germination initiation about 12 hours after the beginning of incubation and (the spore germination) is generalised after 15 hours of incubation. In most cases it was observed wandering of the germination tubes before sclerotic penetration. Formation of appressoria was difficult to be observed because of the shape of the surface and the crust that exists due to deflation of exudates. Evaluation of plant-protection capability in pot-trials showed that the isolated A-9 (Gliocladium spp) with the faster and highest parasitic exhibited presented the highest plant-protection capability a fact that indicates that this mycoparasite could be used for large-scale biocontrol applications against the phytopathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Purpose: Previous clinical studies have suggested a positive effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on wound healing and inflammation in the eye. We tried to test the value of PEMF treatment in a hyphema animal model with well-defined conditions. Methods: After injection of citrated autologous blood for the production of hyphema, 16 rabbit eyes were treated with 10 or 20 mT for 60 min on 4 days within the postoperative week. Two control groups with hyphema alone (n = 8) and PEMF irradiation without hyphema (n = 4) were also included. The rate of resorption was recorded daily. Histopathologic evaluation was performed. Results: The incidence of endothelial cell damage and fibrotic clots was markedly reduced in the 10-mT group while the resorption time of 8 days was identical with the control group. In the 20-mT group, the complication rate and the resorption time was increased versus the control group. Conclusions: The use of PEMF treatment is of some, however, limited value as it did not reduce the resorption time of hyphema but displayed a dose-dependent, beneficial influence on some serious side effects. Future clinical studies with low-dose PEMF irradiation are justified and should determine the optimal dosage and suitable indications of PEMFs as an adjunctive treatment in ocular inflammation or trauma. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 thome_he_me_botfmvz.pdf: 1562851 bytes, checksum: 21eb08feb50c78b3871c24c6a0d75c3b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Pouco se conhece sobre a ocorrência de alterações testiculares e epididimárias nos cães nas diferentes regiões do país e sua influência sobre a fertilidade na espécie canina, assim como sobre as características morfométricas destes órgãos em cães sem raça definida (srd). Com o intuito de acrescentar dados à literatura buscou-se determinar a incidência de alterações histopatológicas testiculares e epididimárias em cães srd, bem como estabelecer o padrão morfométrico destes órgãos e suas possíveis correlações com porte dos animais, peso, volume e dimensões dos órgãos. Para tal, colheram-se testículos e epidídimos de 60 cães adultos oriundos de campanha de castração e do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, subdivididos em três grupos, sendo 28 animais de pequeno porte (até 10Kg), 18 de médio porte (de 10 a 20Kg) e 14 de grande porte (acima de 20Kg). Na avaliação microscópica dos 120 testículos observou-se a ocorrência de 107 casos de degeneração, 89 de atrofia tubular, 16 de hipoplasia, seis de orquite, três de leydigocitoma, dois normais, um caso de sertolioma e um de edema. Na avaliação epididimária observaram-se 55 epidídimos normais, 36 casos de epididimite, 22 de hiperplasia epitelial papilar, 14 de degeneração, 12 de cistos, três de fibrose, um de edema, um de adenomiose e um de granuloma espermático. Foram utilizados animais srd, devido ao predomínio destes na população canina brasileira, e os resultados, além de determinarem as características reprodutivas dos SRD, servirão para efeitos comparativos em relação aos dados existentes em animais de raça pura. / Issues like testicles and epididymis changes and their influence on canine fertility are insufficient on current literature, as well as morphometric features on mongreel dogs organs. The aim of this work was to determine the incidence of testicles and epididymis histopathological changes and establish a morphometric standart of these organs with possible correlation with animals weight, breed, organs volume and dimension. Sixty adult dogs from castration campaing and Zoonosis Control Center were used and divided in: 28 animals up to 10 kg (small breed), 18 medial breed animals (from 10 to 20 kg) and 14 large breed dogs (above 20 kg). One hundred and twenty testicles were analyzed on microscopic evaluation and were diagnosed the occurrence of 107 degeneration, 89 tubular atrophy, 16 hypoplasia, 6 orquitis, 3 leydig cell tumor, 2 normal, 1 Sertoli cell tumor case and 1 edema. On epididymics evaluation were observed 55 normal epididymis, 36 epididymitis cases, 22 papilar epididymal hyperplasia, 14 degeneration, 12 cysts, 3 fibrosis, 1 swelling, 1 adenomyosis and 1 espermatic granuloma. Were used mongreel animals on this study, due to the prevalence of them in Brazilian canine population, and the results, besides reproductive feature determination, will serve to comparative effects for pure breed animals database.

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Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-09-14T20:21:24Z (GMT) / Submitted by YADIRA ANSOAR RODRIGUEZ null (yansoar@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T21:01:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese VF.pdf: 2830119 bytes, checksum: 3b30a5eef5a71be48f3fcf3950b1dc44 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-15T19:20:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ansoarrodriguez_y_dr_rcla.pdf: 2830119 bytes, checksum: 3b30a5eef5a71be48f3fcf3950b1dc44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T19:20:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ansoarrodriguez_y_dr_rcla.pdf: 2830119 bytes, checksum: 3b30a5eef5a71be48f3fcf3950b1dc44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-26 / Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado (AIUP) / A aplicação indiscriminada de agrotóxicos constitui uma das maiores preocupações na atualidade, sendo o Brasil um dos países que mais uso faz destes produtos. O imidacloprido (IMI) é um dos inseticidas mais utilizados no mundo, principalmente nas culturas de cana-de-açúcar, citros, algodão e café. Apesar de seus benefícios, pode apresentar potencial tóxico e genotóxico em organismos não alvo. O uso de bioindicadores permite o estudo dos possíveis riscos destas substâncias nos organismos. Entre estes, plantas superiores e organismos aquáticos são considerados excelentes para avaliar efeitos de agrotóxicos no ambiente. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos de IMI em organismos não alvos (Allium cepa, Tradescantia pallida e Oreochromis niloticus) expostos a diferentes concentrações, baseadas na aplicação deste inseticida na cultura de cana-de-açúcar, por meio de ensaios celulares e moleculares. Foram testadas concentrações equivalentes à dose do produto recomendada para esta cultura (400 g/ha), a metade (200 g/ha) para simulação da diluição natural e o dobro (800 g/ha) para simulação do uso indiscriminado. O teste de aberrações cromossômicas e de micronúcleos (MN) em A. cepa e T. pallida foram utilizados para avaliar a toxicidade e genotoxicidade. Ensaio do cometa e teste do MN em eritrócitos de O. niloticus, avaliaram danos em nível primário e cromossômico. Análise das alterações histopatológicas no fígado de O. niloticus e localização in situ das proteínas de choque térmico (HSP70) analisadas sob microscopia de luz e imuno-histoquímica, respectivamente, foram empregadas para verificar o potencial tóxico em nível celular. Os resultados no teste de A. cepa e T. pallida, demonstraram que o IMI induziu alterações cromossômicas e o aumento da frequência de MN. Também foi observado indução do dano primário em eritrócitos de O. niloticus nas concentrações testadas e dano em nível cromossômico na maior concentração. Alterações hepáticas também foram observadas em todas as concentrações testadas, entre elas: degeneração hidrópica, núcleos picnóticos e perda do limite celular. A concentração mais alta (250μg/L) induziu um aumento de lípidos ácidos e neutros e dos níveis de marcação da proteína HSP70. Diante dos resultados pode-se concluir que o IMI, nas concentrações testadas, foi genotóxico para os organismos, além de induzir alterações histopatológicas e ativar mecanismos citoprotetores mediados por proteína de choque térmico. Este inseticida apresentou potencial tóxico e genotóxico nos organismos testados, os quais não são alvos de ação deste agrotóxico, fato este que deve ser levado em consideração para sua aplicação. / The indiscriminate application of pesticides is a major concern nowadays, and Brazil is one of the countries which use these products heavily on agriculture. The imidacloprid (IMI) is an insecticide sold worldwide, being widely used on sugar cane, citrus, cotton and coffee crops. Despite its benefits, IMI may have potential for inducing genetic changes in non-target organisms. In this sense, the use of bioindicators like higher plants and fishes allow the assessment of possible effects and risks to the environment derived from the use of this insecticide in agriculture. In this study, we evaluated the effects of IMI on non-target organisms (Allium cepa, Tradescantia pallida and Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to different concentrations, based on the application of this insecticide in the sugarcane culture, through cellular and molecular assays. A concentration equivalent to the recommended dose of the product for this culture (400 g/ha), the half (200 g/ha) for simulation of natural dilution and double (800 g/ha) that simulates the indiscriminate use. Chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus test (MN) in A. cepa and T. pallida were analyzed for toxicity and genotoxicity study. Comet assay and MN test in O. niloticus erythrocytes assess damage to primary and chromosomal level. Analysis of histopathological changes in the O. niloticus liver and in situ localization of heat shock protein (HSP70) were analyzed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, respectively, were performed to measure the toxic potential at the cellular level. The results in A. cepa and T. pallida assay, demonstrated that the IMI induced chromosomal alterations and increased frequency of MN. It was also observed induction of primary damage in O. niloticus erythrocytes at all concentrations and damage to the chromosomal level in the highest concentration. Liver changes were also found in all tested concentrations, as: hydropic degeneration, pyknotic nuclei and loss of cell limits. The highest concentration (250μg/L) showed an increase of acid and neutral lipids and labelling levels of HSP70 protein. Given the results it is possible to concluded that the IMI in the tested concentrations was genotoxic in these organisms, besides inducing histopathologic changes and activated cytoprotective mechanisms mediated by heat shock protein. This insecticide has a toxic and genotoxic potential for these organisms, which are not the target of action of this pesticide; fact should be considered for its application.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: Analisar prospectivamente a eficácia da correlação entre parâmetros clínicos, histológicos, e marcadores de proliferação celular buscando melhores indicadores de prognóstico em casos de mastocitoma canino; Testar o uso de nova ferramenta diagnóstica e prognóstica para mastocitomas caninos: a termografia. Para isso, um total de 20 cães com diagnóstico citológico e histopatológico de mastocitoma tiveram suas formações excisadas e foram utilizados para estudo clínico e imunohistoquímico e dentre estes, 15 também para estudo termográfico. As avaliações imunohistoquímicas incluíram quantificação de AgNORs, PCNA, VEGF, localização de KIT. Os estudos termográficos incluíram análise e correlação das temperaturas no ponto central da formação (SpT), e na área da formação (AT) e em ponto de pele sadia (SpNT) e área equivalente, em pele sadia (ANT). Estatisticamente pode-se demonstrar uma correlação positiva significativa entre a classificação proposta determinada pela presença dos fatores prognósticos e o estadiamento proposto pela WHO. Não foi observada correlação estatística entre tempo livre de doença (óbito, novas formações, recidiva ou metástase) e o estadiamento ou fatores prognósticos. 95% (19/20) dos cães teve suas formações classificadas como Grau II e 5% (1/20) Grau I, segundo a classificação histológica de Patnaik (1984). Todos os cães tiveram suas formações classificadas como Baixo Grau, de acordo com a classificação proposta por Kiupell (2011). 5,6% (1/18) dos animais foi considerada padrão KIT - I, 44,4% (8/18) padrão KIT - II e 50% (9/18) padrão KIT - III. Não foi observada correlação estatística entre o padrão KIT e tempo livre de doença ou graduação histológica. Apesar de não significativo estatisticamente, foi notado menor tempo de sobrevida livre de doença nos animais com PCNA e AgNOR acima das medianas (p =0,089 e p = 0,080, respectivamente).O VEGF foi o único marcador a demonstrar relação significativa com o tempo livre de doença (p = 0,004). As análises termográficas indicaram média de temperatura do SpT de 33,18ºC, média de temperatura do SpNT de 33,39ºC, temperatura média de AT de 33,27ºC e temperatura média de ANT de 33,95ºC. A diferença entre os pontos mensurados foi em média -0,21ºC (variando entre -5,60ºC e +4,4ºC). A diferença entre os pontos mensurados foi em média -0,21ºC (variando entre -5,60ºC e +4,4ºC). Esta diferença foi negativa em 7/15 casos (47%) formações mais frias que a pele distante; e positiva em 8/15 casos (53%) formações mais quentes que a pele distante. Não foi possível correlacionar estatisticamente essas alterações de temperatura com a presença dos marcadores estudados, mas as análises estatísticas demonstram que a termografia na região tumoral é estatisticamente diferente da região não tumoral. / The objectives of this study were: To prospectively analyze the effectiveness of the correlation between clinical, histologic, and cell proliferation markers, seeking better indicators of prognosis in cases of canine mast cell tumor; and testing the use of new diagnostic and prognostic tool for canine mast cell tumor: thermography (infrared images); A total of 20 dogs with histopathological and cytological diagnosis of mast cell tumor were excised and their formations were used for immunohistochemical and clinical study, and 15 of those were also used for thermographic study. The evaluations included immunohistochemical quantification of AgNOR, PCNA, VEGF, KIT location. The studies included thermographic images analysis and correlation of the temperatures at the midpoint of tumor (SPT), and tumor area (AT) and point of healthy skin (SpNT) and equivalent area in healthy skin (ANT). We were able to demonstrate a statistically significant positive correlation between the proposed classification determined by the presence of prognostic factors and staging proposed by the WHO. No correlation was found between disease-free interval (death, new formations, recurrence or metastasis) staging, and prognostic factors. 95% (19/20) of the dogs had their tumors classified as Grade II and 5% (1/20) as Grade I, according to the histological classification of Patnaik (1984). All dogs had their tumors classified as low-grade, according to the classification proposed by Kiupell (2011). 5.6% (10/18) of the animals was graduated as KIT - I, 44.4% (8/18) as KIT - II and 50% (9/18) as KIT - III. No correlation was found between the KIT pattern and disease-free interval or histological grade. Although not statistically significant, we observed a shorter disease-free survival in animals with PCNA and AgNOR above the median (p = 0.089 and p = 0.080, respectively). VEGF was the only marker to show a significant relationship with disease-free interval (p = 0.004). The thermographic images analysis indicated average temperature on SpN of 33.18 º C, SpNT average temperature of 33.39 ° C, AT average temperature of 33.27 º C and ANT average temperature of 33.95 ° C. The difference between the measured points averaged -0.21 ° C (ranging between -5.60 ° C and +4.4 ° C). The difference between the measured points averaged -0.21 ° C (ranging between -5.60 ° C and + 4.4 ° C). This difference was negative in 7/15 cases (47%) - formations cooler than the healthy skin, and positive in 8/15 cases (53%) - formations warmer than the healthy skin. We could not statistically correlate these changes in temperature in the presence of the markers studied, but the statistical analyzes demonstrated that in the region thermography tumor is statistically different from non-tumor region.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_ Magda - 21-08-2011- corrigido.pdf: 2313731 bytes, checksum: 7e4161e3e3a18ed9159672a8d9d78833 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the linseed oil (OL) in different preparations (oral, topically, oral and topically combined) in the treatment of the kerato-conjunctivitis sicca (KCS) experimentally induced in rabbits. Twenty white male rabbits of the New Zeland race were used. They were divided in 4 groups of 5 animals each: Group C (Control); Group OLO (OL oral); Group OLT (OL topically); and Group OLOT (OL oral and topically). The rabbits were evaluated weekly by the Shirmer Tear Test (TLS), Flourescein Test (TF) and the Rose-Bengal Test (TRB), and a ocular impression cytology exam was done once a month, and at the end of the experiment the rabbits were sacrificed to a histopathological analysis. There was a significant improvement in the parameters analysed (TLS,TF and TRB) in all the groups that used OL, but there was differences in the performance of each group. In the TLS the groups OLO and OLT showed larger values than the OLOT group from the 7th week to the end of the experiment. In TF the group OLT reverted the incidence of corneal ulcers earlier than the other groups starting on the 5th week. In TRB, the group OLO and also the OLT showed normal values starting on the 9th week, while the group OLOT only on the last week. In the cytological findings the group OLT showed a more advanced stage of inflammation on the 4th and 8th week and also on the hispathological findings of this group showed a more advanced stage of edema, degeneration and necrosis than the other groups. It wasn´t observed any collateral damage due the use of OL. The results analyzed showed that the OL, topically or oral, was efficient on the treatment of CCS experimentally induced in rabbits and can be and excellent adjuvant, natural and safe, in the treatment of this illness / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do óleo de semente de linhaça (OL) em várias preparações (oral, tópica, oral e tópica associadas) no tratamento da ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) induzida experimentalmente em coelhos. Foram utilizados vinte coelhos brancos machos da raça Nova Zelândia. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos com 5 animais cada: Grupo C (controle) animais hígidos; Grupo OLO (OL via oral); Grupo OLT (OL por via tópica) e Grupo OLOT (OL via oral e tópica). Os coelhos foram avaliados semanalmente pelo Teste de Lágrima de Schirmer (TLS), Teste de Fluoresceína (TF) e Teste de Rosa Bengala (TRB), uma vez por mês pelo exame de citologia de impressão ocular, e ao final do experimento foram sacrificados para análise histopatológica. Houve melhora clínica significativa nos parâmetros analisados (TLS, TF e TRB) em todos os grupos que usaram OL, porém, houve diferenças no desempenho de cada grupo. Os Grupos OLO e OLT apresentaram valores superiores do TLS, quando comparado com o Grupo OLOT a partir da 7ª semana até o final da observação. No TF o grupo OLT reverteu mais precocemente, a partir da 5ª semana, a incidência de úlceras na córnea, do que os demais grupos. Os Grupos OLO e OLT apresentaram TRB negativos para CCS a partir da 9ª semana, enquanto o grupo OLOT somente na última semana. Nos achados citológicos o grupo OLT apresentou um maior grau de inflamação na 4ª e 8ª semana e também nos achados histopatológicos esse grupo apresentou um maior grau de edema, degeneração e necrose do que os demais grupos. Não foi observado nenhum efeito colateral com o uso do OL. Os resultados analisados demonstraram que o OL, tanto por via oral como tópica, foi eficaz no tratamento de CCS induzida experimentalmente em coelhos e pode ser um adjuvante, natural, no tratamento desta enfermidade.