Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-09-13T14:05:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1224997 bytes, checksum: de0d07ce70920bddaa55d2dcfab03171 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T14:05:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1224997 bytes, checksum: de0d07ce70920bddaa55d2dcfab03171 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / The present study proposes to analyze the cases of forced disappearances of Paraibans during the Military Dictatorship and their possible relation with the actions of the repression organs. To this end, a brief study of the historical moment before the military coup, which had the logistical and strategic support of the United States of America, is undertaken, and it is in the post-coup moment that the consequences are verified that the regime Military brought to the country, subject to observation of the changes brought by each government, especially in relation to the coexistence with freedoms. Next, there is an exposition of conceptual and historical aspects related to Transitional Justice, emphasizing the normative evolution of the instruments of transitional justice and their importance in the process of recovery of historical memory and national reconciliation. Finally, the six cases of forced disappearances of Paraiban during the military regime, listed in the first report of the State Truth Commission, are studied. In this chapter, in addition to checking the profiles of each victim and their possible involvement in resistance movements, the performance of the repressive organs, the characteristics of each agent of repression that were in front of these units and the ways in which the bodies Of those considered subversive were hidden or discarded. It is a research of a qualitative nature, whose methodological design will be, as a matter of priority, bibliographical, survey, documentary and case study, since it will have as the north the six cases of disappearance listed by the State Commission of Truth. / O presente estudo se propõe a analisar os casos de desaparecimentos forçados de paraibanos durante a Ditadura Militar e sua possível relação com as ações dos órgãos de repressão. Para tanto, parte-se de um breve estudo do momento histórico que antecedeu o golpe militar, o qual contou com o apoio logístico e estratégico dos Estados Unidos da América, e adentra no momento pós-golpe, averiguando as consequências que o regime militar trouxe ao país, com supedâneo na observação das mudanças trazidas por cada governo, especialmente no tocante à convivência com as liberdades. Em seguida, há a exposição de aspectos conceituais e históricos relacionados à Justiça de Transição, enfatizando-se a evolução normativa dos instrumentos de justiça transicional e a sua importância no processo de recuperação da memória histórica e reconciliação nacional. Por fim, são estudados os seis casos de desaparecimentos forçados de paraibanos, ocorridos durante o regime militar, elencados no primeiro relatório da Comissão Estadual da Verdade e da Preservação da Memória do Estado da Paraíba. Além da verificação dos perfis de cada vítima e o seu possível envolvimento em movimentos de resistência, também são verificadas a atuação dos órgãos de repressão, as características de cada agente da repressão que estava à frente destas unidades e as formas como os corpos dos considerados subversivos eram escondidos ou descartados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, cujo delineamento metodológico será, prioritariamente, bibliográfico, documental e estudo de caso, já que terá como foco os seis casos de desaparecimento forçado: Pedro Inácio de Araújo (Pedro Fazendeiro), João Alfredo Dias (Nego Fuba), José Maria Ferreira de Araújo, Francisco das Chagas Pereira, Ezequias Bezerra da Rocha e Umberto de Albuquerque.

Ce travail de thèse est consacré principalement à l’étude historiographique et sociologique de l’exil républicain espagnol de 1939 (connu aussi sous le nom de La « Retirada »), en France et au Mexique. Cela nous permet de dévoiler certains points méconnus et les plus critiques de cette partie de l’Histoire du XXe siècle. Nous y avons procédé à un examen panoramique de l’héritage actuel de cette histoire, longtemps restée enfouie dans les mémoires de celles et ceux qui l’on vécue directement ou indirectement.Ainsi, c’est en nous confrontant directement aux mémoires des trois générations d’héritiers de cette mémoire, en particulier en Espagne, en France et au Mexique, que nous avons pu éclaircir certains points jusque-là non abordés, ou faiblement, permettant de la sorte de mettre quelque peu sous rature les blancs encore persistants de cette histoire.Il s’agit d’un travail en trois parties. La première partie rappelle les faits objectifs liés à la guerre civile espagnole (objet de notre investigation) ; on entre de cette façon progressivement dans notre problématique globale : l’exil républicain en France et au Mexique. Peu à peu, nous abordons l’ensemble des événements passés, les objectifs et conséquences de certaines activités humaines, l’attitude de certains héritiers face à leur héritage traumatique, parfois méconnu et/ou oublié. Dans la deuxième partie nous mettons en avant la situation du Mexique Cardeniste 1934-1940, afin de mieux comprendre le rôle du Mexique dans la guerre civile espagnole, l’accueil que le Mexique réserve aux exilés républicains, ainsi que la contribution de l’exil républicain dans l’épanouissement économique, social et culturel du Mexique postrévolutionnaire. Dans la dernière partie, nous faisons un bilan de l’héritage actuel de cette partie de l’histoire du XXe siècle qui affecte encore actuellement des milliers de descendants. Quelques témoignages de première main (transmis ou obtenus suite à des entretiens directs) qui mettent l’accent sur des points très précis, nous prouvent que tout ce qui se rapporte à la révolution espagnole (1931-1939) baigne dans une lumière insolite, à cause de l’absence ou du refus de sa reconnaissance officielle. Par voie de conséquence, les séquelles perdurent et les cicatrices sont toujours très profondes. Nous concluons ce travail par l’examen des oeuvres littéraires et poétiques de Jordi Soler et de Gregorio Oliván, de quelques oeuvres d’art, de différents genres et de différentes époques. Tous ont la particularité de se rapporter à l’exil républicain espagnol. Au-delà de la dimension artistique, leur contenu référentiel peut être considéré comme de dignes témoignages historiques, rendant compte de la triste vérité du drame historique qui fut l’exil républicain de 1939. / This PhD work is mainly devoted to the historiographical and sociological study of the Spanish Republican exile from 1939 (also known as the “Retirada”), in France and Mexico. This allows us to reveal some unknown and the most critical points of this part of the history of the 20th century. We have proceeded to a panoramic review of the current heritage of this history which have been remained buried, for a long time, in the memories of people who have directly or indirectly experienced it. Thus, confronting us directly to the memories of three generations of heirs of this memory, especially in Spain, France and Mexico, we were able to clarify issues, not previously addressed, or poorly. In this way, it allows us to put under erasure some persistent blanks of this history. This work consist of three parts. The first part reminds the objective facts related to the Spanish Civil War (object of our investigation); in this way, we enter gradually into our global issue: Republican exile in France and Mexico. Little by little, we address all past events, the objectives and consequences of human activities, the attitude of some heirs face to their traumatic heritage, sometimes unknown and / or forgotten. In the second part we highlight the situation of Mexico, under the presidency of Cárdenas 1934-1940, in order to better understand the role of Mexico in the Spanish Civil War, the reception reserved by Mexico to the exiled Republicans, and the contribution of the Republican exile in the economic, social and cultural development of Mexico after its own revolution. In the last part, we make a review of the current heritage of this part of the history of the 20th century that still currently affects thousands of descendants. Some testimonies (transmitted or obtained as a result of interviews), that focus on very specific points, prove that all that relates to the Spanish Revolution (1931-1939) is immersed in a strange light, due to the absence or refusal of official recognition. Consequently, the after-effects remain and the scars are still very intense. We conclude this work, examining literary and poetic works of Jordi Soler and Gregorio Oliván, some masterpiece of different genres and periods. All have the characteristic to be related to the Spanish Republican exile. Beyond their artistic dimension, their reference content can be considered as worthy historical testimonies, reflecting the sad truth of the historical tragedy which occurs during the Republican exile in 1939.

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L’objet du présent travail doctoral porte sur la relation intertextuelle sous-jacente aux récits de l’écrivain colombien, Juan Gabriel Vásquez, qui s’informe et enquête sur l’histoire de son pays pour remonter le passé et, par-là, proposer de nouvelles lectures de l’histoire officielle, de ses incertitudes et de la révélation de secrets sur quelques-uns des faits qui ont marqué les avancées et les reculs de la Colombie. En conséquence, cette recherche étudie et analyse cette relation à partir de la transtextualité, catégorie théorique exposée par Gérard Genette, afin de raisonner en profondeur sur les idéologies représentées dans les nouvelles « officielles » de cet auteur et sur l’affleurement de la mémoire historique, ainsi que sur d’autres récits autour desquels émergent des expériences propres et d’autrui, et même des éléments inattendus, susceptibles d’enclencher de nouvelles recherches. Juan Gabriel Vásquez ourdit ses romans à partir d’un amalgame d’idéologies comme la politique, la violence, l’histoire officielle, le legs culturel et l’histoire littéraire de la Colombie, ce avec quoi il recrée un devenir significatif et identitaire de l’histoire de la Colombie, contribuant ainsi à la construction scénique du pays, fragmentée et décomposée en plusieurs périodes de développement par l’application de fausses idées de croissance et de pacification qui n’ont jamais eu lieu. La recherche fournit un apport aux études littéraires de la Nation et sur l’écrivain colombien qui, peu à peu, est reconnu dans le domaine littéraire international. / The focus of this this doctoral work is to study the intertextual relationship, in the narrative of the Colombian writer, Juan Gabriel Vásquez. In his narrative he explores and researches about the history of his country in order to inquire on the past and with it. He proposes new readings in relation to the official history, its uncertainties and the unveiling of secrets about some facts that defined the progress or regression of Colombia. Therefore, this research studies and analyzes this relationship from the transtextuality theory exposed by Gerard Genette to reflect deeply on the ideologies represented in the "official" novels of this author, and the appearance of historical memory. As well as other types of narratives in which, own and others experiences appear, bringing unexpected elements to explore new studies. Juan Gabriel Vásquez weaves his novels from a combination of ideologies as politics, violence, the official history, and the cultural legacy, and the literary history of Colombia. He recreates meaningful events about Colombian history, supporting the scenic construction of the country, fragmented and separated into several periods of its development by the application of false ideas of growth and pacification, which have not occurred.The research contributes to the literary studies of the nation as well as to the Colombian writer, who is recognized in the literary international area little by little.

The Making of Soviet Chernivtsi: National “Reunification,” World War II, and the Fate of Jewish Czernowitz in Postwar Ukraine Doctor of Philosophy Svitlana Frunchak Graduate Department of History University of Toronto 2014 Abstract This dissertation revisits the meaning of Soviet expansion and sovietization during and after World War II, the effects of the war on a multiethnic Central-Eastern European city, and the postwar construction of a national identity. One of several multiethnic cities acquired by the USSR in the course of World War II, modern pre-Soviet Chernivtsi can be best characterized as a Jewish-German city dominated by acculturated Jews until the outbreak of World War II. Yet Chernivtsi emerged from the war, the Holocaust, and Soviet reconstruction as an almost homogeneous Ukrainian city that allegedly had always longed for reunification with its Slavic brethren. Focusing on the late Stalinist period (1940–1953) but covering earlier (1774–1940) and later (1953–present) periods, this study explores the relationship between the ideas behind the incorporation; the lived experience of the incorporation; and the historical memory of the city’s distant and recent past. Central to this dissertation is the fate of the Jewish residents of Czernowitz-Chernivtsi. This community was diminished from an influential plurality to about one percent of the city’s population whose past was marginalized in local historical memory. This study demonstrates a multifaceted local experience of the war which was all but silenced by the dominant Soviet Ukrainian myth of the Great Patriotic War and the “reunification of all Ukrainian lands.” When the authors of the official Soviet historical and cultural narratives represented Stalin’s annexation as the “reunification” of Ukraine, they in fact constructed and popularized a new concept of “historical Ukrainian lands.” This concept—a blueprint for the Soviet colonization of the western borderlands in the name of the Ukrainian nation—tied ethnically defined Ukrainian culture to a strictly delineated national territory. Applied to the new borderlands and particularly to their urban centres characterized by cultural diversity, this policy served to legitimize the marginalization and, in several cases, the violent displacement of ethnic minorities, bringing to an end Jewish Czernowitz.

Qual é o papel do Rio Grande do Norte na construção da memória histórica do Brasil? Esta pergunta foi fundamental para a elite política e intelectual norte-rio-grandense da virada do século XIX e início do XX. Diante de um cenário de redimensionamento da relação entre o todo (a união) e as partes (os estados), graças à recomposição do federalismo na República, as oligarquias estaduais elaboraram projetos identitários com o interesse de instituir um lugar, um papel, para os estados na construção da memória histórica do Brasil. No caso do Rio Grande do Norte, o referido projeto foi concretizado com a criação do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Norte (IHGRN), fundado em 29 de março de 1902. Partimos da tese de que a preocupação em construir a memória do estado e estabelecer a partir dela um lugar para o Rio Grande do Norte na elaboração da memória nacional tornou-se o elemento norteador das principais atividades intelectuais organizadas pelo IHGRN, pelo menos, ao longo dos seus primeiros 25 anos de existência. Para realizarem esse objetivo, verificamos que o IHGRN se utilizou, principalmente, de três estratégias: a escrita da história, a comemoração e a biografia. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar de que forma essas três estratégias contribuíram para a formulação de uma memória norte-rio-grandense. / What is the role of Rio Grande do Norte in the construction of the historical memory of Brazil? This question was fundamental for the potiguar intellectual and political elite of the turn of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Faced with a scenario of resizing the relationship between the whole (the union) and the parts (the states), thanks to the recomposition of federalism in the Republic, the state oligarchies developed identity projects with the interest of establishing a place, a role, for the states in the construction of the historical memory of Brazil. In the case of Rio Grande do Norte, this project was accomplished with the creation of the Institute Historical and Geographical of Rio Grande do Norte (IHGRN), founded on March 29, 1902. We start from the thesis that the concern to build the memory of the state and establish a place for Rio Grande do Norte in the elaboration of the national memory became the guiding element of the main intellectual activities organized by the IHGRN, at least during its first 25 years of existence. In order to accomplish this goal, we verified that the IHGRN was mainly used of three strategies: the writing of the history, the celebration and the biography. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to analyze how these three strategies contributed to the formulation of a potiguar memory.