Orientador: Antonio Roberto Esteves / Banca: Marilene Weinhardt / Banca: Mariléia Gartner / Banca: Cleide Antonia Rapucci / Banca: Ana Maria Domingues de Oliveira / Resumo: Com base na teoria do romance histórico contemporâneo na América Latina e da crítica literária feminista, o presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar a construção da personagem feminina Anita Garibaldi em romances latino-americanos, a partir do modelo histórico construído por Giuseppe Garibaldi em suas Memórias (1860). Idealizando sua companheira, nessa narrativa, o herói italiano constrói a imagem de uma mulher guerreira, que se move no espaço público. Mesmo seguindo o texto de Garibaldi, os historiadores posteriores complementaram a biografia da heroína brasileira, destacando a experiência dela no espaço privado, cumprindo o papel que a sociedade outorgava às mulheres no século XIX. Assim, o modelo que a história apresenta é de uma mulher ambígua, que transita entre o espaço público, aberto e o espaço privado, fechado. O trabalho que aqui se apresenta mostra como cada romancista recria a imagem de Anita, distanciando-se ou se aproximando do protótipo histórico criado por Garibaldi. Com esse intuito, escolheu-se como corpus literário os romances A guerrilheira (1979), do brasileiro João Felício dos Santos; Anita (1999), do também brasileiro Flávio Aguiar; Anita Garibaldi (2003), do argentino Julio A. Sierra; e Anita cubierta de arena (2003), da argentina Alicia Dujovne Ortiz. Em todos eles, verifica-se o intuito de reaver uma personagem da história aclamada como heroína, cuja imagem foi elaborada discursivamente por um homem que lhe concedeu características masculinas. Constata-se, desta forma, como a literatura cumpre o papel de leitora privilegiada da históri / Abstract: According to the theory of the Contemporary Historical Novel in Latin America and on the Feminist Literary Criticism, this study aims to investigate the construction of the female character Anita Garibaldi in Latin American novels, from the historical model built by Giuseppe Garibaldi in his Memórias (1860). By idealizing his female companion, in this narrative, the Italian hero builds the image of a warrior woman who moves herself in the public space. Even according to Garibaldi‟s text, later historians complemented the biography of the Brazilian heroine by highlighting her experience in the private space where she accomplished the role that the society granted the women of the nineteenth century. So, the model that History presents is one of an ambiguous woman who passes between the public space, open and the private space, close. The work presented here shows how each novelist recreates Anita‟s image, moving away from the historical prototype created by Garibaldi or approaching it. With this purpose, we chose as literary corpus the novels A guerrilheira (1979) by the Brazilian writer João Felício dos Santos; Anita (1999), by another Brazilian writer, Flávio Aguiar; Anita Garibaldi (2003) by the Argentine writer Julio A. Sierra; and Anita cubierta de arena (2003) by the also Argentine writer Alicia Dujovne Ortiz. In all of them, one verifies the intention of redeeming a character of the History acclaimed as heroine whose image was discursively elaborated by a man who granted her male characteristics. One notes, for that reason, how literature fulfills its role of privileged reader of History / Doutor

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-28T18:33:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Leila_Gonzalez2017.pdf: 1781258 bytes, checksum: 49d235eef62cd718e589157f57972c1c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-28T18:33:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Leila_Gonzalez2017.pdf: 1781258 bytes, checksum: 49d235eef62cd718e589157f57972c1c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study shows the first literary portray of Malinche and makes a comparison between the original image in Xicoténcatl (1826) and those present in the only two known translations of the earliest Latin-American Historical Novel up to this moment: the American (1999) and the Brazilian one (2013). The Latin-American Historical Novel’s first manifestation and the Literary Translation Field limit this research. In the corpus, we look at the study of the portrayal of historical characters integrated in the narrative. Our aim is to study more specifically the fictional configuration of the historical character Malinche, who was first fictionalized in the anonymous novel of 1826. We pretend to verify if such images contributed or not to the reputation acquired by this Native American on the collective memory of the Mexican people. We take Malinche’s first image as the basis for this study, and make a comparison between the ones present in the above mentioned translations: in English by Guillermo Castillo-Feliú (1999), and, in Portuguese by Anthoni Cley Sobierai and Gilmei Francisco Fleck (2013). Thus we intend to show the first literary configuration given to this character that is also considered the Mexican nation’s symbolic mother. This first image given in Literature differs significantly from the one given to her by the Mexican Indigenous movement (MARTIN, 2007) of early 1900’s. The methodology used in the study counts with a bibliographic review on the Historical Novel – with focus on the Traditional Historical Novel genre, according to studies of Lukács (1966) Uslar Pietri (1990), Márquez Rodríguez (1996), Ureña (1994), Grillo (2004), Fleck (2005, 2008, 2014a). This is to analyze Malinche’s images integrated in the anonymous novel’s outcome context, corpus of the research. In these terms, we present our considerations about the relations between Literature, History and Memory, according to Ricoeur (2014), Candau (2016), Albuquerque and Fleck (2015) and their effects in the Historical Novel from the readings of Xicoténcatl and its translations. Therefore, we isolated the existing images of Malinche in the original. Thus, we bring together 15 emblematic excerpts in which this character is mentioned in the narrative. These passages are analyzed, also, under the perspective of the Translation Theory, in which we call the attention to studies by Rodrigues (1999), Pagano (2000), Bassnett (2003) and Arrojo (2007), in order to compare if the essence of the first literary configuration given to the fictional character of Malinche in Xicoténcatl (1826) appears in its two translations known up to the moment, and if the relations between these images mirrored by its translations corroborate with Historiography, according to Castro Leal (1964), Herren (1993), Grillo (2011), Pulido Herráez (2011), and the Mexican collective imagination, according to researches of Karttunen (1997), González (2002), Townsend (2006), Martin (2007) and Wood (2007). / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo da primeira imagem literária de Malinche e compara essa configuração, efetuada na obra Xicoténcatl (1826), com aquelas presentes nas duas versões que o romance histórico latino-americano inaugural possui até o momento: a estadunidense (1999) e a brasileira (2013). O tema encontra-se, pois, circunscrito aos estudos do romance histórico latino-americano em sua primeira manifestação e ao campo da tradução literária. Neste corpus, voltamo-nos ao estudo da configuração de personagens históricas inseridas na narrativa romanesca. Mais especificamente, objetivamos analisar as configurações da personagem histórica Malinche, ficcionalizada pela primeira vez no romance anônimo de 1826, a fim de verificar se essas imagens contribuíram ou não para a reputação que tal autóctone adquiriu na memória coletiva do povo mexicano. Ao tomarmos como base essas primeiras imagens de Malinche, buscamos compará-las também com aquelas resultantes nas duas únicas versões da obra a outros idiomas: para o inglês, feita por Guillermo Castillo-Feliú (1999), e para o português, por Anthoni Cley Sobierai e Gilmei Francisco Fleck (2013). Buscamos, assim, mostrar a configuração inicial dada na literatura a essa personagem considerada a mãe simbólica da pátria mexicana – uma imagem que destoa profundamente daquela que lhe é conferida pelo movimento indigenista mexicano, no início do século XX, conforme os estudos de Martin (2007). A metodologia aplicada ao estudo proposto inicia-se por uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o romance histórico – com foco teórico na modalidade do romance histórico tradicional, de acordo com os estudos de Lukács (1966), Uslar Pietri (1990), Márquez Rodríguez (1996), Ureña (1994), Grillo (2004), Fleck (2005, 2008, 2014a) – para efetuar uma análise das imagens de Malinche, inseridas no contexto de produção do romance anônimo, corpus dessa pesquisa. Nesse sentido, apresentamos reflexões sobre as relações entre literatura, história e memória, ancorados nos pressupostos de Ricoeur (2014), Candau (2016), Albuquerque e Fleck (2015) e sua materialização no romance histórico a partir das leituras elencadas de Xicoténcatl e suas respectivas traduções. Para tanto, isolamos as imagens de Malinche presentes no romance original e, desse modo, separamos 15 trechos representativos nos quais ela é mencionada. Esses fragmentos do romance são estudados, também, sob a perspectiva da teoria de tradução, âmbito no qual destacamos os estudos de Rodrigues (1999), Pagano (2000), Bassnett (2003) e Arrojo (2007), a fim de comparar se a essência primeira da configuração literária da personagem Malinche, dada em Xicoténcatl (1826), estende-se às duas versões que o romance possui até o momento e a relação dessas imagens espelhadas pela tradução com as existentes na historiografia, segundo Castro Leal (1964), Herren (1993), Grillo (2011), Pulido Herráez (2011) e no imaginário coletivo mexicano, de acordo com os estudos de Karttunen (1997), González (2002), Townsend (2006), Martin (2007) e Wood (2007).

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-03-05T14:18:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Beatrice_ Uber2017.pdf: 1949291 bytes, checksum: 9f06d2b725ba63ad0255e68904be348c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T14:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Beatrice_ Uber2017.pdf: 1949291 bytes, checksum: 9f06d2b725ba63ad0255e68904be348c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-08 / Since the beginning of the records about Americas’ colonization, the woman had been considered inferior and submissive to men by the European phallocentric and Jewish-Christian point of view present in the historiographic discourse that determined the official version of this past. However, she was essential to assure the colonists’ stay in the land to be pioneered. Many of the settlers had the feminine presence as an anchor to strengthen their stay in the “New World”. After the wedding ceremony, the woman was responsible for taking care of the house, being a good wife and an excellent mother, according to the ideology imposed by Church, which corroborated the patriarchal vision of the colonizing metropolis prevailing that time. Starting from this historical situation, the present research proposes reflexions and analyses about the insertion theme of the white European woman in the “New World”. Our purpose is to present, throughout an analysis of the books Desmundo (1996), by Ana Miranda, and Bride of New France (2013), by Suzanne Desrochers, how each one builds a symbolic representation of this process of displacement, strangeness and adaptation to a new reality of the white European woman in the beginning of the Brazilian colonization period, in the sixteenth century, and of the Canadian, in the seventeenth century, respectively, under the auspices of the historical novel. We also aim to analyze if the leading characters, Oribela de Mendo Curvo and Laure Beauséjour, keep their received instruction by the institutions that housed them or if their conceptions change when they start living in the “New World”, and to verify the confrontation of these literary visions with the official discourse. Based on this, we aim to show how the voices of the “orphans of the queen”, from Portugal, and the “king’s daughters”, from France, reflected in the literary discourse, can differ from the historiographic discourse and reveal new perspectives from this past. The research we did was supported by Comparative Literature. Authors like Afonso Costa (1946), Rodolfo Garcia (1946), Jim Sharpe (1992), Gilmei Francisco Fleck (2007, 2011, 2014, 2017), Aimie K. Runyan (2010), and Marcia A. Zug (2016) are used as theoretical support for the historical contextualization of the facts reread by fiction, and to establish the specific modalities of the historical novel in which the corpus is inserted. As a result of this investigational procedure, this research sheds light on the historical vision about the white European woman insertion in our continent. When highlighting the woman’s participation in this historical process, we observed the hybrid narratives of history and fiction update the theme and present a critical rereading of the events in relation to the happenings of the past perpetrated by the writing of historiography. / Desde o princípio dos registros sobre a colonização das Américas, a mulher foi considerada inferior e submissa ao homem pela visão judaico-cristã e eurofalocêntrica presente no discurso historiográfico que consignou a versão oficial desse passado. Entretanto, ela foi agente fundamental para assegurar a permanência dos colonizadores no território a ser desbravado. Muitos dos “conquistadores” tiveram a presença feminina como âncora para fortalecer sua permanência no “Novo Mundo”. Após o casamento, à mulher cabia cuidar do lar, ser boa esposa e ótima mãe, segundo a ideologia imposta pela Igreja, a qual corroborava a visão patriarcal das metrópoles colonizadoras reinantes na época. A partir dessa conjuntura histórica, a presente pesquisa propõe reflexões e análises acerca do tema da inserção da mulher europeia no “Novo Mundo”. Nosso objetivo é apresentar, por meio da análise das obras Desmundo (1996), de Ana Miranda, e Bride of New France (2013), de Suzanne Desrochers, como cada obra constrói uma representação simbólica desse processo de deslocamento, estranhamento e adaptação a uma nova realidade da mulher branca europeia no início da colonização brasileira, no século XVI, e na canadense, no século XVII, respectivamente, sob a égide do romance histórico. Propomo-nos, também, a analisar se as personagens protagonistas, Oribela do Mendo Curvo e Laure Beauséjour, mantém a instrução recebida pelas instituições que as abrigavam ou se suas concepções se transformam quando passam a viver no “Novo Mundo”; bem como verificar os enfrentamentos dessas visões literárias com o discurso oficial. Nesse intento, buscamos mostrar como as vozes das “órfãs da rainha”, de Portugal, e as “filhas do rei”, da França, refletidas no discurso literário, podem divergir do discurso historiográfico e revelar novas perspectivas desse passado. A pesquisa que realizamos amparou-se na Literatura Comparada. Autores como Afonso Costa (1946), Rodolfo Garcia (1946), Jim Sharpe (1992), Gilmei Francisco Fleck (2007, 2011, 2014, 2017), Aimie K. Runyan (2010), e Marcia A. Zug (2016) são utilizados como aporte teórico para a contextualização histórica dos fatos relidos pela ficção e para estabelecer as especificidades da modalidade do romance histórico na qual as obras do corpus se inserem. Como resultado deste processo de investigação, esta pesquisa lança luz sobre a visão da história a respeito da inserção da mulher branca europeia em nosso continente. Ao colocar em evidência a participação da mulher nesse processo histórico, observamos que as narrativas híbridas de história e ficção reatualizam o tema e apresentam uma releitura crítica dos eventos em relação aos acontecimentos do passado perpetrados pela escrita da historiografia.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo_ Smaha.pdf: 2405444 bytes, checksum: ad2d42c8f1bc791be757498717913f5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Several images enshrined in American History written by Europeans that not always corroborated with the reality of the time and much less with the contemporaneity were also immortalized into the romantic literature. However, the literary art sought, in many of its expressions, bring to society other images of natives not only those stereotyped ones presented in historical documents produced by the conquerors, such as those reported in the Journal of Columbus (1492) and in Caminha s Letter (1500). Within a vast number of historical novels that address the issue of characterization of the native, we decided to examine the following works: The Last of the Mohicans (1826), by James Fenimore Cooper, Xicoténcatl (1826), written anonymously and O Guarani (1857), by José de Alencar. This corpus includes settings of Amerindians from the realities of Northern Anglo-Saxon, the Spanish-American universe and also Brazil and all of them are designed within the period of American Romanticism. These works depict the figure the native and thus indicate a desire to build up American identities. Thus, we asked ourselves about what are the literary devices employed in their settings; how these settings conducted in different geocultural spaces of the continent move toward or away from each other; among others, in order to understand how romantic writers portrayed the natives during the formation of a national identity, confirming, or not, the integration of this group as part of the society. To support this work, we will use concepts of Alexis Márquez Rodríguez (1991), García Gual (2002), Mata Indurain (1995), Fernández Prieto (2003), Aínsa (1991, 2003, 2008), Trouche (2006), Fleck (2005, 2007, 2008, 2013), Lukács (1977), Milton (1992), Leenhardt (1998), Hutcheon (1991) Bernd (1998), among others that may be helpful. We hope thus enable literary scholars, specifically those who are dedicated to the reading of historical novel, by analyzing the works, a significant characterization of the natives in the romantic era, as well as strengthen the studies on the historical novel area and on comparative studies / Várias imagens consagradas na história das Américas escrita pelos europeus que nem sempre corroboravam com a realidade da época e muito menos com a da contemporaneidade , foram, também, imortalizadas pela literatura romântica. Contudo, a arte literária buscou, em várias de suas expressões, trazer à sociedade outras imagens dos nativos que não apenas aquelas estereotipadas nos documentos históricos produzidos pelos conquistadores, como aquelas relatadas no Diário de Colombo (1492) e n A Carta de Caminha (1500). Em um vasto número de romances históricos que abordam a questão da representação do nativo, decidimos examinar as seguintes obras: The last of the Mohicans (1826), de James Fenimore Cooper, Xicoténcatl (1826), de autoria anônima, e O Guarani (1857), de José de Alencar. Esse corpus engloba configurações dos ameríndios nas realidades do norte anglo-saxônico, no universo hispano-americano e também no Brasil, todas elas concebidas dentro do período do Romantismo. Tais obras retratam a figura do nativo e apontam para um desejo de construção de identidades americanas. Frente a elas, indagamo-nos sobre quais são os recursos literários empregados em suas configurações; como estas configurações, realizadas em diferentes espaços geoculturais do continente, aproximam-se ou se distanciam; entre outros, a fim de entender como os escritores românticos retrataram os nativos no período da formação de uma identidade nacional, corroborando, ou não, para a integração desse grupo na sociedade. Para respaldar o trabalho, utilizaremos conceitos de Márquez Rodríguez (1991), García Gual (2002), Mata Induráin (1995), Fernández Prieto (2003), Aínsa (1991, 2003, 2008), Trouche (2006), Fleck (2005, 2007, 2008, 2013), Lukács (1977), Milton (1992), Leenhardt (1998), Hutcheon (1991), Bernd (1998), entre outros que se façam necessários. Esperamos, dessa forma, possibilitar aos estudiosos de literatura, mais especificamente àqueles que se dedicam à leitura do romance histórico, por meio da análise das obras, uma caracterização significativa dos nativos na época romântica, bem como fortalecer as pesquisas na área do romance histórico e dos estudos comparados

L’écrivain égyptien Yūsuf Zaydān s’inscrit dans la tradition - constituée à l’âge de la Nahḍa – de l’intellectuel “éducateur des consciences”. Depuis cette époque, face à un récit national contrôlé par le pouvoir politique ou religieux, la littérature arabe a souvent revisité l’histoire et l’actualité dans le but de rétablir - grâce à la liberté offerte par le discours fictionnel - la vérité occultée par le récit officiel. Dans ce processus de réécriture, Zaydān s’intéresse particulièrement à la relation entre religion, politique et violence. L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer l’oeuvre littéraire de cet auteur, dans le but d’en dégager l’originalité. Celle-ci apparaît, d’une part, dans la capacité de Zaydān à mettre en valeur son double profil d’universitaire et de romancier, à travers une production très variée allant du roman à l’essai; d’autre part, dans les stratégies spécifiques qu’il emploie afin de s’adresser à son destinataire privilégié: le lecteur égyptien. Auteur controversé autant pour son oeuvre que pour sa personnalité, Zaydān n’en demeure pas moins un phénomène littéraire : illustration à la fois de l’éclatement du champ littéraire et d’une démocratisation exacerbée de la culture en Egypte, son cas permet de mieux comprendre la littérature arabe ultra contemporaine et ce qu’elle exprime sur les sociétés en recomposition - politique, économique et culturelle - desquelles elle émane. / The Egyptian writer Yūsuf Zaydān is part of the tradition – dating from the age of the Nahḍa – of intellectuals as "educators of consciousness". Since then, faced with a national narrative controlled by political or religious power, Arab literature has often revisited history and current affairs with the aim of restoring – through the freedom offered by fictional discourse – the truth overshadowed by official history. Through this rewriting process, Zaydān is particularly interested in discussing the relationship between religion, politics and violence. The objective of this thesis is to explore Zaydān’s literary work in order to identify its originality. This originality is manifested, first, through Zaydān's dual profile as both academic and novelist, engaged in varied production that ranges from novels to essays; second, in the specific strategies he employs in order to address his privileged audience: the Egyptian reader. A controversial author in both his work and his personality, Zaydān is above all a literary phenomenon. An example of the blossoming literary field and the exacerbated cultural democratisation in Egypt, his case allows us to better understand ultra-modern Arab literature and what it expresses about the (politically, economically, culturally) recomposed and changing society that have produced it.

The 1798 Irish rebellion together with the preceding decade is justly regarded as a watershed event in the forming of Irish national identity. Therefore it is not surprising that it has inspired numerous, and often conflicting, interpretations in both historiography and literature. This study concentrates on both English- and Irish-language historical novels and plays written about the rebellion in the course of the twentieth century, especially after the year 1916. Attention is drawn to the interpretations of the event contained in these literary works, comparing them to the various views of 1798 as they have evolved in Irish historiography. As the rebellion, especially from the 1970s onward, has been increasingly seen in the light of the later conflict in Northern Ireland, this connection has an important place in the analysis. On the theoretical level, the thesis draws from the findings of Hayden White, who has famously questioned the border between historiographical and fictional treatments of historical events. At the same time, this relativism is complemented by selected features of the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur, who highlighted the inevitable ethical questions connected to representations of history. In accordance with the theoretical preliminaries, the study explores the relative value of...

L’historiographie romanesque allemande autour de 1850, à savoir l’écriture de l’histoire pour grand public, est étudiée ici à partir de trois romans historiques parus après la révolution de 1848, mais avant la nomination de Bismarck comme ministre-président de la Prusse en 1862. Ce sont des romans-fleuves écrits par l’épouse de Theodor Mundt, Clara Mundt alias Luise Mühlbach (1814-1873) : Königin Hortense (1856), Napoleon in Deutschland (1858/1859) et Kaiserin Josephine (1861). Cette romancière fit partie de la première génération de femmes-écrivains ayant pu vivre de leur plume et elle connut un grand succès de son vivant. Sa représentation des relations entre France et Allemagne s’inscrit entre historiographie populaire et modernité scientifique car la fictionnalisation de données historiques lui permit de se réapproprier la matière historique et de revaloriser des figures féminines. Par son utilisation de témoignages et de sources d’époque ainsi que par son réemploi des travaux d’historiens récents, L. Mühlbach procède au travail de réécriture de la grande histoire comme c’était aussi le cas dans de nombreux romans historiques de son temps. Elle transforme le genre romanesque en outil didactique ayant pour objectif la transmission du savoir historique et une éducation au patriotisme allemand s’adressant surtout à un lectorat féminin. Ses biographies sont mises au service de l’éducation des cœurs et proposent une forme d’encadrement voire de préparation à la vie conjugale, à la maternité, à la sociabilité, au civisme, et ce par le biais de personnages historiques romancés. Notre étude cherche également à dépasser l’idée d’une rupture dans l’œuvre de L. Mühlbach après 1848 et met l’accent sur la persistance de thèmes comme la question de l’émancipation féminine et religieuse qu’elle avait traités dans ses romans sociaux à l’époque du Vormärz. / The thesis deals with popular historiography and scientific modernity in Germany between 1850 and 1862 – namely after the revolution of 1848 and before Otto von Bismarck became Minister President of Prussia – through the study of three historical novels, Königin Hortense (1856), Napoleon in Deutschland (1858/1859) and Kaiserin Josephine (1861) by Theodor Mundt’s wife Clara Mundt (1814-1873) alias Luise Mühlbach. She was one of the most successful historical novelist of her time, and belongs to the first generation of professional female writers. The main focus of this study is on the literary discourse on the history of relationships between France and Germany. The purpose is to demonstrate how the transmission and the popularization of historical knowledge could be used for education to female patriotism and women citizenship. The study of the use of testimonies and documentary sources borrowed from recent historians shows how L. Mühlbach proceeded to appropriate historical material and to upgrade female figures of the past. Besides the dissertation deals with the analysis of the several historical, political, social and literary mechanisms which explain the success of Clara Mundt’s historical novels between 1850 and 1860. The study puts emphasis on the continuities between L. Mühlbach’s social novels of the Vormärz and the historical novels, like the social and religious issues and the topic of women’s emancipation, in order to question the idea of a split in her work before and after 1848.

The master thesis treats about the multi awarded roman Le dernier des nôtres. This roman is the second written by the French novelist and journalist Adélaïde de Clermont-Tonnerre. The purpose of this thesis is the translation of some chapters of this roman into Czech language. On the following pages, we will focus on analyzing and professionally comment our way of translating. We will study the different elements composing the translation and the cultural specificities we had to consider while translating. Not less important was the general approach of theoretical translation processes and methodology, but also the problematics that could be faced by a translator. Theoretical chapters give a better understanding of translation discipline.

The year 2014 will mark the centennial of the outbreak of World War I in August 1914. This historic anniversary will likely provoke several discussions from all fields in the humanities concerning the Great War's significance on contemporary culture through history, visual art, and in the case of this essay: literature. In light of this event, any serious discussion among scholars should undeniably begin with how the war continues to be represented today through a thorough, contemporary analysis of its many key literary texts. This essay will examine, in this regard, how past and contemporary discourses in literary theory-primarily concerned with how an individual combatant subject attempts to construct and understand their own traumatic experiences through poetic and literary discourse-can continue to incite discussion on why literature of the Great War and its influential role in defining how it has come to be understood in our cultural memory remains relevant even today. Under the guiding influence of Paul Fussell's classic The Great War and Modern Memory, I will discuss how three important works-a poetry collection, a memoir, and a modern work of historical fiction-all contribute to how the war has become represented as a tragic rupture in history that reversed the idea of human progress and left an entire generation disillusioned in its aftermath, regardless of the historical veracity of this legacy. The texts I will be examining include: select poems of Wilfred Owen, Goodbye to All That by Robert Graves, and Regeneration by Pat Barker. In addition to this, I will conclude with an analysis of how a contemporary reading of these texts can contribute to a larger discussion of the crisis of historicity in our current post-modern cultural landscape.

This thesis sets out to investigate the development of the recent historical novel in Mexico by examining a corpus of five novels. Elena Garro’s 'Los recuerdos del porvenir' (1963) represents the final point of the novel of the Revolution and it is the link with the recent historical novel. Carlos Fuentes’ 'Terra Nostra' (1975) and Fernando del Paso’s 'Noticias del Imperio' (1978) belong to the group containing the postmodern historical novel. 'Terra Nostra' summarizes all the concerns of postmodernism and can be considered as a paradigm of this current of thought. 'Noticias del Imperio' seeks a reconciliation between history and literature in an attempt to get closer to the historical truth. Paco Ignacio Taibo II’s 'La lejanía del Tesoro' (1992) is a representative novel in the way it melds history with the mystery novel, developing the genre of the historical thriller. Lastly, Rosa Beltrán’s 'La corte de los ilusos' (1995), and in particular its treatment of history is pertinent to this thesis due to the fact that women have been traditionally silenced by official history. This novel gives them a voice. From its beginnings, the historical novel confronted the problem of being questioned for its lack of accuracy when dealing with the past. This skepticism sparked a long lasting debate that initially degraded the historical novel as secondary genre that could never contribute to historical knowledge. However, as a result of recent theories that seek to defend the poetic nature of history, a theory developed initially by Hayden White, the recent historical novel has sought to debunk historiography’s claim to be the only possible way to recount the past. This thesis advances the theory that the recent historical novel in Mexico is the result of a search for a genuine identity, as well as a quest to develop an alternative, yet truthful, interpretation of a past whose true nature has been distorted by decades of historical officialdom. This process is seen in a context of increasing democratisation and globalisation.