nÃo hà / As discussÃes nessa narrativa tratam-se da aÃÃo educacional e do legado cultural de Gustavo Barroso para a Moderna Museologia Brasileira. Vincula-se ao grande tema da histÃria e memÃria da educaÃÃo brasileira, especialmente à histÃria e memÃria das instituiÃÃes escolares e culturais. A pesquisa busca a compreensÃo e interpretaÃÃo da aÃÃo social do sujeito Gustavo Barroso, nas distintas matÃrias da Museologia no Brasil, por meio de sua aÃÃo educacional, a partir, nomeadamente, da trÃade Museu HistÃrico Nacional (1922), Curso de Museus (1932) e Inspetoria de Monumentos Nacionais (1934), bem como de seu debate sobre folclore sertanejo, principalmente cearense, vinculado à sua proposta de museu ergolÃgico (1944). Utilizamos o conceito de modernidade sustentado nas apreciaÃÃes de Max Weber a respeito do tema. Na pesquisa recorreram-se a documentos institucionais, à revisÃo bibliogrÃfica de outros trabalhos sobre o assunto e à entrevista de ex-alunos do Curso de Museus, em que se buscava saber sobre suas memÃrias (Ricoeur) no tocante ao Curso de Museus e à sua experiÃncia de convivÃncia e/ou trabalho no MHN. O objetivo fundamental à apresentar uma interpretaÃÃo falseÃvel (Popper) de que Gustavo Barroso, a partir da trÃade retrocitada, contribuiu para a preservaÃÃo da memÃria nacional, na medida em que iniciou uma cultura de preocupaÃÃo do poder pÃblico com nossa histÃria educacional e nosso patrimÃnio cultural, ou seja, instalou-se uma nova concepÃÃo de Museologia no Brasil, justificadora de sua prÃpria visÃo de histÃria e conservadorismo. A fundaÃÃo do MHN foi em 1922, ano emblemÃtico para a HistÃria do Brasil, marcado por diversos acontecimentos polÃticos e culturais, ano que tambÃm correspondia ao centenÃrio da IndependÃncia do Brasil, em que se vivia grande crise de popularidade e aceitaÃÃo do governo de EpitÃcio Pessoa. O MHN resultou em um libelo nacionalista e ufanista, necessÃrio para clamar ao povo o amor pela naÃÃo e a salvaguarda das relÃquias das elites imperiais na jovem repÃblica, jà na condiÃÃo de repÃblica velha. Concluiu-se que o projeto museolÃgico de Gustavo Barroso teve imensurÃvel contribuiÃÃo para a formaÃÃo de uma museologia moderna no Brasil, porque inaugurou um museu exclusivamente histÃrico, o primeiro curso de museus e ainda a primeira instituiÃÃo de salvaguarda do patrimÃnio do paÃs, de carÃter nacional, ligada à administraÃÃo federal.

This study traced the evolution of experiential education in American history museums from 1787 to 2007. Because of a decline in attendance, museum educators need to identify best practices to draw and retain audiences. I used 16 museology and history journals, books, and archives of museums prominent for using the method. I also interviewed 15 museum educators who employ experiential learning, one master interpreter of the National Park Service, and an independent museum exhibit developer. Experiential education involves doing with hands touching physical materials. Four minor questions concerned antecedents of experiential learning, reasons to invest in the method, the influence of social context, and cultural pluralism. Next is a review of the theorists whose works support experiential learning: Dewey, Piaget, Vygotsky, Lewin, Bruner, Eisner, Hein, and David Kolb plus master parks interpreter Freeman Tilden. The 8 characteristics they support include prior experiences, physical action, interaction with the environment, use of the senses, emotion, social relationships, and personal meaning. Other sections are manifestation of experiential learning, transformation of history museums, and cultural pluralism in history museums. The research design is descriptive, and the procedure, document analysis and structured interview. Findings are divided by decades after the first 120 years. Social context, examples of experiential learning, and multicultural activities are detailed. Then findings are discussed by patterns of delivery: sensory experiences, actions as diversion and performance, outreach of traveling trunks and of organized activity, crafts as handwork and as skills, role-playing, simulation, hands-on museum work, and minor patterns. The decline of involvement of citizens in the civic and cultural life of the community has adversely affected history museums. Experiential learning can stop this trend and transform museum work, as open-air museums and the National Park Service have demonstrated. In the future history museums may include technology, a more diverse audience, and adults in its experiential educational plans to thrive. Further research is needed on evaluation, finances, and small museums.

This thesis examines the display of Navajo baskets and examines some of the possible meanings Navajo baskets can reveal. Acknowledging that the meaning of a work of art changes when it is placed in different environments, the thesis explores what meanings are revealed and what meanings are concealed in basket displays in three venues: the trading post, the natural history museum, and the fine art museum. The study concludes that the fine art museum has the most potential to foster a dialogue about the contemporary Navajo, whose identity is a product of continuity and change. Chapter one discusses the basket's connotation as one of continuity and change, a meaning essential to understanding the contemporary Navajo. It becomes clear that when looking for the meaning of tradition and adaptation, the institutional utterance of an exhibition venue must be one that allows a complex modern Navajo identity to emerge. Chapter two examines the institutional utterance of the trading post. In such a setting, meanings of a mythical past emerge from the basket. The environment of the trading post reveals a romantic view of the Old West that hides the meaning of the contemporary Navajo from patrons and viewers. Chapter three focuses on the natural history museum and the effects of its institutional utterance on the Navajo basket's significance. In this learning environment, the Navajo basket acts as an artifact and meanings emerge about Navajo ritual and history. However, natural history museums often educate audiences through means like curiosity cabinets and living history displays that distance the contemporary Navajo. It is the fine art museum that has the most potential to reveal the adaptive, contemporary Navajo, discussed in chapter four. Art museums validate baskets as art objects when they exhibit them with Western painting and sculpture. Such displays can hide the contemporary Navajo in a discussion of formal elements. However, when an art museum exhibits a basket as a meaningful object, it allows the basket to reveal the Dine's desire for cultural continuity and the long Navajo history of adapting to changing environments.

The purpose of this thesis is to study and analyse collections of outsider art in two Swedish Medical History Museums, Medicinhistoriska museet in Uppsala and Mentalvårdsmuseet in Säter. The work explores how the history of the museums, how art collections were established, the outsider artist as well as how the two museums work the collections today. The empirical part of the study is based on the fieldwork that the author conducted at the Medicinhistoriska museet in Uppsala and Mentalvårdsmuseet in Säter during two separate days in the winter/spring of 2022. Both observations of the museum room were made, as well as interviews with the two curators in charge of the art collections. Attentive observations and systematic notes from constitute the basis for the description of the material and immaterial features of the museum. For the chapters on the historical and cultural context concerning outsider art, art brut, psychiatric care and how the hospitals became museums, literary sources were used.  The result of the study shows that outsider art made in a hospital is a very specific part of outsider art and art brut because of the very special conditions of an often locked psychiatric care unit. It implies that outsider art made in psychiatric care have not been seen as real art, not been viewed as interesting for the public. There has existed an authorised heritage discourse (“AHD”) in the hospitals and well as in the later museums which has led to the collections not been correctly taken care of, and research about the patients has not been made. Instead, the patients work has been stored incorrectly in attics, basements and in un-locked storage areas with only a few ”aesthetically pleasing” works showed in the museum.      Further, the study shows how the art collections in the two medical hospitals correctly used and worked with, can be a part of removing the stigma around mental disease and people living with it.  The conclusions to be drawn from this are that the complexity of the art collections of outsider art made in psychiatric care lie in the fact that mental illness, psychiatric hospitals, and outsider art have been under a stigma, as well as the fact that the patients’ stories being stories from the margin. This is a two-years master’s thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies.

O presente projeto tem por objetivo discutir, sob a ótica da gestão de museus, em perspectiva histórica, a criação, implantação e a gestão do Museu da Casa Brasileira (MCB) sob a direção do historiador e memorialista Ernani Silva Bruno, entre 1970 e 1979. A hipótese que investigamos foi que a gestão de Silva Bruno, no âmbito dos museus públicos ligados a Secretaria da Cultura do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, encontrou um ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento das atividades museológicas, se comparado a outros museus criados em períodos anteriores. Isto motivado por um cenário que consideramos positivo da política cultural do Estado, que anos antes havia desenvolvido uma nova estrutura administrativa, que possibilitara criar uma instituição museológica com objetivo claro e coerente. Tudo isto inserido no contexto internacional dos anos de 1970, em que havia um intenso processo de formulações e renovações na emergente área de Museologia, no âmbito do International Council of Museums - ICOM/ UNESCO. Nossa proposta é contribuir para uma melhor compreensão de seu projeto, com possível aproveitamento das reflexões para o contexto atual do Museu. / The aim of this project is to discuss through a historical perspective concerning museum management, the establishment, implementation and management of the Museu da Casa Brasileira under Ernani da Silva Bruno\'s administration between 1970 and 1979. The hypothesis under investigation was that Silva Bruno\'s administration, within the scope of public museums managed by the State Department of Culture, has found convenient circumstances to establish its museological activities in comparison to other experiences from previous times. Driven by a favourable environment promoted by the State\'s Cultural Policies, that had created a new bureaucratic structure a few years earlier, it was possible to build a museum with clear and coherent objectives. This process was embedded in the international context of transformations and new interpretations in the Museum Studies field, within the scope of the International Council of Museums - ICOM/ UNESCO in the 1970\'s. The objective of this investigation is to promote a better understanding of Silva Bruno\'s project, hoping to contribute to the Museum\'s current demands.

This thesis considers exhibitions in natural history museums as a process of negotiation between three parties: the museum as an institution, the museum staff, and the visitors. These represent different interests that shape exhibitions relating to nature. The thesis asks the following main question: In what way do discourses play a role in the staff’s work within natural history museums? The empirical sources are based on interviews conducted with staffmembers from eight different natural history museums: six in Austria and two in Norway. The interviews are analysed based on the principles of discourse psychology and critical discourse analysis. The theoretical framework is based on postmodernism as a reaction and countermovement to modernism. Kant’s theory of knowledge, the concept of representation and discourse theory are considered in relation to one another and form an ontological departure for the epistemology. The methodology combines critical discourse analysis and discourse psychology as applied to conversational text. The discourse analysis reveals different discourses concerning the museum as institution, professional museum staff, and the visitors. The thesis concludes that the museum as institution is characterised by a knowledge culture/tradition that was particularly substantiated during the Enlightenment. In turn, the knowledge tradition is characterised by discourse that places expectations regarding the procedures of the employee, but also through the visitors’ expectations as to what a museumis and what the exhibitions provide them with. The employees meet the museum understood as discourse through mainly three different strategies for how exhibitions should function. I call these strategies ‘action promotion’, ‘communication focus’ and ‘political context’. In this way, the identities and actions of the employees depend considerably on their personal relationship to the museum as a concept and discourse, as well as to the visitors’ presumptions, expectations and experiences concerning museums. / Diese Master-Arbeit betrachtet die Ausstellung eines naturgeschichtlichen Museums als Ergebnis eines Verhandlungsprozesses zwischen drei Parteien mit unterschiedlichen Interessen: dem Museumspersonal, dem Museum als Institution sowie dem Publikum. Die Hauptfragestellung der Arbeit lautet: In welcher Weise spielen Diskurse in der Arbeit derwissenschaftlichen Angestellten naturgeschichtlicher Museen eine Rolle? Der theoretische Rahmen der Arbeit basiert auf dem Postmodernismus als einer Reaktion auf und Gegenbewegung zum Modernismus. Kants Erkenntnistheorie, das Konzept der Repräsentation sowie die Diskurstheorie bilden zusammen die ontologische Grundlage der Epistemologie. Die Methodologie kombiniert gesprächsbezogene kritische Diskursanalyse und Diskurspsychologie. Das empirische Material besteht aus Interviews mit wissenschaftlichen Angestellten acht naturgeschichtlicher Museen, davon sechs in Österreich und zwei in Norwegen. Die Diskursanalyse deckt unterschiedliche Diskurse hinsichtlich des Museums als Institution, der wissenschaftlichen Angestellten sowie des Publikums auf. Die Arbeit schlussfolgert, dass das Museum als Institution von einer Wissenskultur gekennzeichnet ist, die insbesondere in der Zeit der Aufklärung begründet ist. Diese Kultur ist insofern diskursgeprägt, als dass sie bestimmte Erwartungen an die Arbeit des Museumspersonals beinhaltet, aber auch durch die Erwartungen des Publikums an ein Museum und seine Ausstellungen. Die Angestellten nähern sich dem Museum als Diskurs, in dem sie hauptsächlich drei verschiedene Strategien im Hinblick auf die Funktion von Ausstellungen verfolgen: Inspiration zu eigenständigem Handeln (”Handlungspromotion”),auf das Publikum zugeschnittene Kommunikation (”Kommunikationsfokus”) sowie Einbeziehung politischen Kontexts. Insofern hängen Identität und Handeln der Angestellten stark von ihrer persönlichen Beziehung zum Museum als Konzept und Diskurs ab, ebenso wie von ihren Annahmen bezüglich der Erwartungen des Publikums und dessen Erfahrungen mit Museen.

With digital media and the web becoming increasingly pervasive in our everyday lives, few historians have considered in depth the impact that this is having on the ways that history is represented and communicated in the public sphere. This thesis is an examination of how the practice of public history in Australia is being reshaped in the Web 2.0 environment. In the context of new media theory, public history practice is considered in relation to identifiable changes in the ways the web is used and understood. / The public historian’s concern with interpreting the past to a public audience means that changing social practices and information patterns are pertinent to their work. This thesis highlights the ways in which different forms of history are being produced, distributed and consumed on the web. It focuses on the potential role of the web user as an active producer of personal and creative interpretations of the past and on how experimental public history practices in the Web 2.0 environment have emerged in response to changing audiences. / This study argues that the rise of Web 2.0 is reflected by personalised, ubiquitous, democratic and innovative public history practices on the web. Through an in depth analysis of The Powerhouse Museum collection search and YouTube as case studies, this thesis shows how increased participation, the proliferation of user-generated content, social networking and existing practices by users in the Web 2.0 environment reshapes public history. / This thesis goes beyond conceiving of the web as a site of historical source material, both digitised and born-digital, to an understanding of the value of participatory media and informal communication in enabling the sharing of historical knowledge and materials between and among networks of people on the web.

O presente projeto tem por objetivo discutir, sob a ótica da gestão de museus, em perspectiva histórica, a criação, implantação e a gestão do Museu da Casa Brasileira (MCB) sob a direção do historiador e memorialista Ernani Silva Bruno, entre 1970 e 1979. A hipótese que investigamos foi que a gestão de Silva Bruno, no âmbito dos museus públicos ligados a Secretaria da Cultura do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, encontrou um ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento das atividades museológicas, se comparado a outros museus criados em períodos anteriores. Isto motivado por um cenário que consideramos positivo da política cultural do Estado, que anos antes havia desenvolvido uma nova estrutura administrativa, que possibilitara criar uma instituição museológica com objetivo claro e coerente. Tudo isto inserido no contexto internacional dos anos de 1970, em que havia um intenso processo de formulações e renovações na emergente área de Museologia, no âmbito do International Council of Museums - ICOM/ UNESCO. Nossa proposta é contribuir para uma melhor compreensão de seu projeto, com possível aproveitamento das reflexões para o contexto atual do Museu. / The aim of this project is to discuss through a historical perspective concerning museum management, the establishment, implementation and management of the Museu da Casa Brasileira under Ernani da Silva Bruno\'s administration between 1970 and 1979. The hypothesis under investigation was that Silva Bruno\'s administration, within the scope of public museums managed by the State Department of Culture, has found convenient circumstances to establish its museological activities in comparison to other experiences from previous times. Driven by a favourable environment promoted by the State\'s Cultural Policies, that had created a new bureaucratic structure a few years earlier, it was possible to build a museum with clear and coherent objectives. This process was embedded in the international context of transformations and new interpretations in the Museum Studies field, within the scope of the International Council of Museums - ICOM/ UNESCO in the 1970\'s. The objective of this investigation is to promote a better understanding of Silva Bruno\'s project, hoping to contribute to the Museum\'s current demands.

The aim of this study is to examine the temporary museum exhibit World of the Vikings (Welt der Wikinger), created by Sweden’s Statens Historia Museum (SHM), through the lenses of  gender and pedagogical analysis. The exhibit which was planned to be showcased in the German city of Kiel in time for the sailing Olympics in 1972 and had several goals in mind. The primary goals were to showcase models of Viking ships and achievements of their ship art (to coincide with the sailing Olympics), provide an overview of the Viking Age and showcasing all its different aspects as opposed to just the infamous warrior. Using a gender theory and the overarching analyst method ‘The Feminist Museum Hack’, primarily utilizing a discourse analysis and a visual method (as well as comparative reading, a quantitative method and content analysis, depending on which objects were analysed), this study examines archival material of the exhibit in order to unveil both gender and pedagogical aspects. The material used, consisting of protocols, memos, exhibition texts, booth overviews (consisting of photographs), catalogues and letter correspondents, provide an extensive look into the exhibit, its purposes as well as the overall structure. The main findings of this study are that the exhibit had a clear pedagogical goal in mind, as its content was divided into different parts and chapters to detail various parts of the Viking Age, including their everyday life. Several artifacts collected from various museums were showcased, and the exhibition texts were designed to both educate its visitors and inspire to seek further knowledge. Nuancing gender roles was not part of its purpose, which is confirmed by a gender analysis of the exhibit. A significant portion of the Nordic people mentioned were men while only a few women were mentioned, but  most of the featured men and women were also from a higher hierarchical standing. In terms of expression of gender and gender roles, men were the primary focus in describing and showcasing everyday Nordic life, whereas the women remained passive and secondary. Through the exhibit material, it is clear the roles and chores performed by men were deemed of a higher importance.

En el presente trabajo de investigación nos centramos en identificar y analizar los factores determinantes de la calidad de servicio que influyen en la satisfacción de visita a los museos de historia de Lima Metropolitana. Nuestro propósito, principalmente, fue el de impulsar la presencia competitiva de los museos en el mercado actual. Cabe señalar que la información relacionada con los museos de historia en nuestro país es escasa desde la perspectiva de investigación científica. Sin embargo, existen tesis de grado que no se han tomado como referencia en esta investigación. Para tal fin, utilizamos una metodología no experimental y mediante la técnica de la encuesta, se formuló un cuestionario estructurado basado en el modelo SERVPERF adaptado a museos y se entrevistó a un total de 385 visitantes de 4 museos de historia limeños. En consecuencia, se llegó a establecer que las variables de la calidad del servicio que más influyen en la satisfacción de visita a museos son los elementos tangibles y de empatía; aunque también se dio relevancia a la capacidad de respuesta y a la comunicación. / In this research work, we focus on identifying and analyzing the factors that determine the quality of service that influence the satisfaction of visiting museums of history in Metropolitan Lima. Our purpose, mainly, was to promote the competitive presence of museums in the current market. It should be noted that information related to museums in our country is scarce from the perspective of scientific research. However, there are degree thesis that have not been taken as reference in this investigation. For this purpose, we used a non-experimental methodology and, using the survey technique, a structured questionnaire was formulated based on the SERVPERF model adapted to museums and a total of 385 visitors from 4 Lima museums of history were interviewed. Consequently, it was established that the variables of the quality of service that most influence the satisfaction of visiting museums are the tangible elements of empathy; however, responsiveness and communication were also important. / Tesis