Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento das traduções de obras de ficção em prosa de autores hispano-americanos publicadas no Brasil, tanto em coleções criadas com o fim específico de divulgar a literatura hispano-americana no país quanto em edições isoladas, fora de coleção. A análise principal está voltada para as coleções publicadas por diversas editoras brasileiras entre as décadas de 1960 e 1990, mas também serão analisadas algumas iniciativas editoriais anteriores e posteriores a estas décadas. Além do levantamento em si, o trabalho procura identificar o propósito editorial que norteou a tradução e publicação de autores hispano-americanos no Brasil, em cada momento histórico analisado, para tentar entender o que significou a circulação destas obras no sistema literário brasileiro. / The aim of this work is to do a survey of the prose fiction of Spanish-American authors translated to Portuguese and published in Brazil, not only in book collections or series created with the specif design of spreading the word about this kind of literature but also in individual editions. The core of the analysis is directed to some collections of Spanish-American Literature that were published in Brazil between the 1960's and the 1990's, although some other editorial efforts will also be analysed, both before and after this period of time. Beyond the survey itself, this work intends to identify the editorial purposes behind the translation and publication of books by Spanish- American authors in Brazil in each of the historical moments analyzed, in a attempt to understand the importance of the circulation of these books within the Brazilian literary system.

"Communities in Translation: History and Identity in Medieval England" argues that moments of identity formation in translated texts of the Middle Ages are best understood if translation is viewed as a process. Expanding on Brian Stock's idea that texts organize and define real historical communities, I argue that medieval translations--broadly considered as textual artifacts which relate received narratives--create communities within their narratives based on religious, ethnic, and proto-nationalist identities. In my first chapter, I assert that the Old English Orosius--a translation of a fifth-century Latin history--creates an audience that is forced to assume a hybrid Roman-English identity that juxtaposes a past Rome with a present Anglo-Saxon England. In chapter two, I argue that the inclusion of English saints among traditional Latin ones in Ælfric of Eynsham's Lives of the Saints stakes a claim not only for the holiness of English Christians but for the holiness of the land itself, thus including England in a trans-temporal community of Christians that depended on English practice and belief for its continued success. In my third chapter, I turn to Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale, and read it alongside its historical source by Nicholas Trevet in order to demonstrate Chaucer's investment in a multicultural English Christianity. These arguments inform my reading of Beowulf, a poem which, while not itself a translation, thematizes the issues of community raised by my first three chapters through its engagement with the problematic relationship between communities and narrative. When Beowulf's characters and narrator present an inherited narrative meant to bolster community, they more often reveal the connections to outside forces and longer histories that render its textual communities exceedingly fragile. Where previous studies of translation focus on the links of vernacular writings to their source texts and their Latin past, I suggest that these narratives envision alternative presents and futures for the communities that they create.

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A partir da leitura do romance Homens ao Sol (1963), de Ghassan Kanafani (1936- 1972), esta dissertação visa ampliar a compreensão histórica do exílio palestino. A pesquisa exigiu um diálogo entre esse texto literário e a produção historiográfica sobre o seu contexto, investigando uma condição que, desde 1948, está presente na vida da população árabe palestina. Este trabalho, por isso, foi estruturado a partir de questões levantadas ao longo do enredo do romance, proporcionando reflexão para a construção de uma História da Palestina. Diante das memórias dos protagonistas exilados e da imposta necessidade de possuir uma identidade, o texto ficcional revela-se como uma análise crítica da história e, ao mesmo tempo, como um projeto transformador da realidade, provocando ideias para uma resistência nacional na Palestina. / From the reading of the novel Men in the Sun (1963), written by Ghassan Kanafani (1936-1972), this dissertation aims to expand the historical understanding of the Palestinian exile. The research has demanded a dialogue between this literary text and the historiographical production on its context to investigate a condition that is present in the lives of the Palestinian Arab population since 1948. Therefore, this work was structured from issues raised throughout the novel\'s plot and thereby it has provided reflection about the construction of a History of Palestine. The fictional text reveals itself as a critical analysis of history and at the same time, as a transformer project of reality from the memories of the exiled protagonists and the imposed need to have an identity, thus it provokes ideas for a national resistance in Palestine.

O romance Terra Sonâmbula, do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto, foi publicado em 1992, ano em que chegava ao fim a guerra que durante dezesseis anos assolou Moçambique. O tempo da narrativa converge para o tempo da escrita, transformando o romance em narrativa alternativa à de cunho historiográfico. Os personagens que representam o povo são reabilitados das margens da história oficial e se tornam protagonistas da pequena história que Mia Couto se propõe a contar por meio do delineamento de certa ideia de africanidade, tradição e identidade nacional. Esta dissertação pretende, pois, analisar essa outra história de Moçambique que o autor escreve. Para tanto, perscruta nos interstícios do texto a relação com o contexto e seus silêncios desde a posição ocupada por Mia Couto na realidade moçambicana até a dinâmica da guerra e seu impacto sobre a população civil. Ao mesmo tempo, perscruta as mudanças e permanências do pós-guerra a fim de relacioná-las com a história a ser escrita em que residiria a esperança do romance. / The novel Sleepwalking Land by the Mozambican writer Mia Couto was published in 1992. In the same year, the war that raged Mozambique for sixteen years was coming to an end. The time of the narrative converges to the time of writing, turning the novel into an alternative narrative to historiography. The characters that represent the people are rehabilitated from the margins of official history. They become the actors of the little history, in which Mia Couto delineates certain idea of Africanness, tradition and national identity. Thus, this thesis intends to analyze the other history of Mozambique the author writes. For this, it searches in the interstices of the text the relationship with the context from the position occupied by Mia Couto in the Mozambican reality to the dynamics of war and its impact on the civilian population. At the same time, it searches the changes and continuities of postwar in order to correlate the history to be written (or the story to be told) on which it lays the hope of the novel.

Ce travail porte sur les origines et les évolutions du conte merveilleux et de sapoétique, à travers l’étude privilégiée de la métamorphose. Le genre, issu de lalittérature orale, se caractérise en effet par une histoire littéraire tout particulièrement faite de transformations, de récritures et d’appropriations diverses, au gré du changement des mentalités, d’un élargissement des modes de diffusion et d’une ouverture aux littératures étrangères. En outre, les transpositions du conte à d’autres domaines que celui de l’écrit, tels que l’image et la scène, participent de l’évolution d’une poétique merveilleuse qui se définit en premier lieu comme poétique démonstration. Dans cette perspective, un deuxième versant de notre travail s’intéresse à la manière dont le cinéma – en prise de vues réelles et, surtout, d’animation (graphique) – a pu s’emparer du conte dès le tournant du XXe siècle, et met en lumière un certain nombre d’apports figuratifs (relevant principalement de la métamorphose et d’un jeu sur le voir et le non voir) à la poétique d’un genre dont il perpétue par ailleurs la structure narrative forte. / This work retraces origins and developments of fairy tales and its poetic, focusing on the metamorphosis. The history of this literary genre, born trough oral tradition, is especially composed of numerous changes, re-writings and various appropriations,according to mentalities, development of mass dissemination methods and study of foreign literatures. In parallel, fairy tales transpositions to others non-written domains,like theatre and pictures, confirms that the fairy tales poetic is primarily pictureoriented.In this perspective, the second part of our work focuses on how cinema(through live-action images and, especially, graphically animated images) has been inspired from fairy tales since early 20th century, and highlights a couple of figurative contributions (mostly based on metamorphosis and a game between visible and non visible) to the poetic of this genre, while it also perpetuates its strong narrative structure.

Thèse (Ph.D.)--Université Laval, 1999. / Comprend des réf. bibliogr.

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This dissertation deals with how the concept of virtue (dygd) is used in Swedish occasional poetry addressed to merchants before 1780. Occasional poetry was the major kind of literature in Sweden in the seventeenth and the eighteenth century, and usually addressed to the nobility and other dominant groups. As a part of the elites’ conspicuous consumption, and mainly aimed to demonstrate the addressees’ virtue, it played an important role in legitimising the social and political dominance of the elite. Merchandise, however, was regarded with moral suspicion. The main purpose of the thesis is to study the argumentative strategies the poets use to honour merchants, and to determine in what ethical traditions they have found the arguments to back up their reasoning. It is thereby possible to detect subtle changes in how they use the concept of virtue. These strategies and arguments are seen from a rhetorical point of view; the poets’ main purpose was to praise the tradesmen persuasively. The dissertation consists of three parts, dealing with, respectively, the period before 1650, the years 1670–1680 and the period 1770–1780. Each part is divided into three chapters: a brief presentation of the main ethical discussion of the period, a concise examination of the occasional poetry written for groups other than merchants, and an analysis of the argumentative strategies used in honouring tradesmen. The earliest merchant prints are constructed as defences rather than actual complimentary poems. Whereas the poems written for other addressees mainly make use of an Aristotelian concept of virtue, focusing on the services done for society and on the honour that follows from this, the merchant poems take a Lutheran law conception of ethics as their starting point. The key point is to claim that the merchant in question has not broken the Ten Commandments, or any other law belonging to man. Neither has he ever done any harm to his neighbours. In the 1670’s, this argumentative strategy is still abundant, but the poets also claim that the merchants have contributed to society, either through Christian charity or, with an allusion to mercantilism, by always trading with the aim of enriching their fatherland. In some cases, economic success in itself is regarded as a ground for honouring the merchant, the claim being that this was necessary for his charity, or by reference to the Lutheran ethics of calling or vocation. A main point is that the poets sometimes use the word virtue to describe these qualities, thereby in effect widening the concept itself. In the 1770’s, all earlier argumentative strategies are still used by the poets. In some cases, however, the texts consist in an attack on the Aristotelian concept of virtue. The poets argue that virtue is an inner, almost invisible quality having nothing to do with performing an occupation or belonging to a special social stratum. Instead they focus on sincerity as a quality essential to real virtue and as an important virtue in itself, thereby also claiming that virtue and glory could and should be separated.

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