This study aims to examine the representation of male and female authors and how they are described in three literature textbooks used in Swedish upper secondary school. The theoretical framework consists of gender theory with focus on the stereotyped images that have existed, and still exists, about what is characteristically masculine and feminine. The authors have been counted quantitatively and the descriptions of the authors have been analyzed qualitatively through close reading from a gender perspective. The result shows that male authors are overrepresented in all three textbooks but that female authors are overrepresented in pictures in one of the textbooks. The textbooks do not reach quantitative equality in author representation in text but do so in author representation in pictures. The result also shows that the descriptions of authors are contributing to the maintenance of a male norm and to stereotyped images of men and women. A result which is not in agreement with the Swedish curriculum values concerning equality between men and women.

"This study has been undertaken to determine if the World Landmark Books are of the high quality claimed by the publishing house and if therefore they are worthy of inclusion in the libraries serving the twelve-to-fourteen-year-old groups. Since it is planned as a companion study to U. S. Landmarks, An Analysis and Evaluation, a paper done in 1957 by Mrs. Ethel Mestayer Huff, the same general outline and procedure will be followed. This will make possible the comparison and future unification of these two studies, should it seem desirable"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "August, 1959." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Agnes Gregory, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-59).

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The Arabic language is a means by which the culture, beliefs and myths of Arabic speaking communities in the world can be understood. The ability to communicate, read and write in the Arabic language, can be used to research, read and write about the customs, traditions, folklore, habits, poetry, music, history and literature of the people where Arabic is considered the mother tongue The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (act 200 of 1993) states that 11 every person shall have the right to use the language and to participate in the cultural life of his or her choice" (p 16 (31)). The Constitution further states that " no person shall be unfairly discriminated against, directly or indirectly, and, without derogating from the The existence, respect and promotion of the Arabic language has been enshrined in the South African Constitution. Arabic is recognised as a language used by communities in South Africa even though it is mainly used for religious and ceremonial functions at this point in time. In 1993 I started teaching at Cravenby Secondary School, (Sub. A to Std. 10). During that year I did not teach the Arabic language. I, however, enquired from teachers regarding their teaching approach of the Arabic language. I also questioned the pupils about their opinion towards the language and the approach used by teachers. The overwhelming response by the pupils was that they had to learn the meaning of words in isolation and out of context.

The Swedish school system is based on basic, democratic values. A fairly new addition to the value system is that the education should provide attention to equal rights between men and women. A way of doing this can be to use fiction in the Swedish language classroom. It can allow students to reflect on other’s living conditions and develop their critical thinking. But fiction has an uncertain future in the language classroom. Studies show that working specifically with the value system is often not prioritized by teachers. Instead, the education focuses on qualities that can be measured. This kind of priority makes fiction lose its potential to provide an opportunity for students to have meaningful conversations about human society. The aim for the study is to explore the didactic potential of the gothic literature, a genre know for its hidden critique towards society. Two gothic short stories from the 1800s are analyzed based on how the characters engage with each other regarding gender power and gender relations. This is conducted through a two part analysis. The first part is a close reading of the short stories based on a gender perspective and the other from a sociohistorical perspective. The analysis show that the characters from both stories uphold gender norms from when the stories were written. The stories’ potential is that they encourage discussions about the interaction between fiction and the living conditions during the 1800s. To further explore the didactic potential of the gothic literature, studies should be conducted where either the students’ experiences of the literature is examined or swedish teachers viewon the gothic literature.

During the Duke of Alençon's second courtship of Queen Elizabeth the Earl of Leicester emerged as the leading opponent of the marriage. At the same time he began to patronize a circle of writers which included Gabriel Harvey, Edmund Spenser and Philip Sidney, who helped to create the 'golden 1 literature of the English Renaissance. In this thesis I investigate their relations with Leicester and by a detailed examination of their main works, such as the Spenser-Harvey Letters, the Old Arcadia, theShepheardes Calender and theFaerie Queene, and their development, show how they reflect the Earl's intellectual and political concerns. I argue that Alençon was a notable patron and that his growing knowledge of his rival's academic interests encouraged Leicester to maintain his own literary faction. One of his aims was to show the French that English culture was not provincial and he demon- strated this in the entertainment The Four Foster Children of Desire for which he was largely responsible. Having outlined the background of the crisis of the courtship I evoke Leicester's life and circumstances during this period, particularly his relationship with the Queen and patronage at Oxford. I then describe the distinctive interests of his circle in law, history, politics and poetry and go on to establish that Alençon took part in the French academic movement and that his courtiers included distinguished poets and thinkers. The second half of the thesis is a series of detailed studies of Harvey, Spenser and Sidney in relation to Leicester, and their writings during the Alençon court- ship. Finally I examine the court entertainments of this period and argue for the Four Foster Children as a turning-point in Elizabethan literature. My conclusion is that Leicester was a more loyal and discriminating patron than he is usually said to have been and that he played a significant part in introducing the 'golden' age of Elizabethan literature.

This dissertation discusses the complicated relationship (known as the comitatus) of kings and followers as presented in the heroic poetry of the Anglo-Saxons. The anonymous poets of the age celebrated the ideals of their culture but consistently portrayed the real behavior of the characters within their works. Other studies have examined the ideals of the comitatus in general terms while referring to the poetry as a body of work, or they have discussed them in particular terms while referring to one or two poems in detail. This study is both broader and deeper in scope than are the earlier works. In a number of poems I have identified the heroic ideals and examined the poetic treatment of those ideals. In order to establish the necessary background, Chapter I reviews the historical sources, such as Tacitus, Bede, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and the work of modern historians. Chapter II discusses such attributes of the king as wisdom, courage, and generosity. Chapter III examines the role of aristocratic women within the society. Chapter IV describes the proper behavior of followers, primarily their loyalty in return for treasures earlier bestowed. Chapter V discusses perversions and failures of the ideal. The dissertation concludes that, contrary to the view that Anglo-Saxon literature idealized the culture, the poets presented a reasonably realistic picture of their age. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry celebrates ideals of behavior which, even when they can be attained, are not successful in the real world of political life.

A partir da leitura do romance Homens ao Sol (1963), de Ghassan Kanafani (1936- 1972), esta dissertação visa ampliar a compreensão histórica do exílio palestino. A pesquisa exigiu um diálogo entre esse texto literário e a produção historiográfica sobre o seu contexto, investigando uma condição que, desde 1948, está presente na vida da população árabe palestina. Este trabalho, por isso, foi estruturado a partir de questões levantadas ao longo do enredo do romance, proporcionando reflexão para a construção de uma História da Palestina. Diante das memórias dos protagonistas exilados e da imposta necessidade de possuir uma identidade, o texto ficcional revela-se como uma análise crítica da história e, ao mesmo tempo, como um projeto transformador da realidade, provocando ideias para uma resistência nacional na Palestina. / From the reading of the novel Men in the Sun (1963), written by Ghassan Kanafani (1936-1972), this dissertation aims to expand the historical understanding of the Palestinian exile. The research has demanded a dialogue between this literary text and the historiographical production on its context to investigate a condition that is present in the lives of the Palestinian Arab population since 1948. Therefore, this work was structured from issues raised throughout the novel\'s plot and thereby it has provided reflection about the construction of a History of Palestine. The fictional text reveals itself as a critical analysis of history and at the same time, as a transformer project of reality from the memories of the exiled protagonists and the imposed need to have an identity, thus it provokes ideas for a national resistance in Palestine.

La poésie française de l’entre-deux-guerres présente bien souvent un visage désuni, entre des groupes d’avant-garde à la parole théorique forte, qui renouvèlent en profondeur la pensée et la pratique de la poésie (surréalistes, dadaïstes ou poètes de la modernité bohème sous l’égide d’Apollinaire et de Reverdy), et des poètes sans affiliation, qui laissent une œuvre parfois orpheline de théorie (Claudel, Jouve, qui placent leur œuvre sous le signe de la spiritualité chrétienne, Saint-John Perse ou Fargue, qui recherchent la modernité loin de l’agitation des mouvements littéraires). Ce travail entend proposer une catégorie historiographique susceptible d’offrir une vue cohérente de la poésie de la période, à travers le concept d’image, tel que le développent notamment Reverdy et Breton dans leurs écrits théoriques. L’image et l’analogie sont au cœur des écrits théoriques de l’entre-deux-guerres : elles donnent à la poésie moderne la possibilité de se redéfinir hors des critères désuets du vers et de la rime, de s’identifier à l’expression de la pensée intuitive, dans le vis-à-vis de la rationalité portée par le positivisme. À travers elles, apparait également l’unité esthétique de la poésie de la période, marquée par le goût de l’imaginaire et du merveilleux, la tentation de l’hermétisme. Le concept d’image permet donc d’unifier la poésie de l’entre-deux-guerres, par-delà les divergences qui existent entre ces auteurs, et d’articuler celle-ci à sa théorie et à sa place dans l’histoire des idées. / French poetry of the interwar years often presents an uneven complexion, between groups of the avant-garde that deeply renew both how to think of, and to practice poetry, thanks to their assertive theoretical discourse (surrealists, dadaïsts, or poets belonging to the bohemian modernity under the aegis of Apollinaire and Reverdy), and poets without affiliation, who leave behind them works that are sometimes devoid of theoretical parentage (Claudel, Jouve, whose writing is inspired by Christian spirituality, Saint-John Perse or Fargue, whose quest for modernity unfolds far from the frenzy of literary movements). This thesis wishes to construct a historiographical category liable to give a coherent view of the poetry produced during this period, through the concept of the image, as developed by Reverdy and Breton, particularly in their theoretical writings. The concepts of the image and the analogy are the heart of the theory written during the interwar years : they give modern poetry the possibility of redefining itself outside the obsolete criteria of rhyme and verse, of identifying itself to intuitive thinking as opposed to the rationality carried in positivism. Through them, there appears an aesthetic unity of poetry, characterised by a taste for the imaginary and the marvellous, and the temptation of hermeticism. The concept of the image thus makes it possible to unify interwar poetry, beyond the differences that exist between these authors, and to articulate poetry with its theory and its position in the history of ideas.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-05-09T11:25:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Thiago Bittencourt.pdf: 996185 bytes, checksum: e2ebd21348b6e3e4c52279439d12241c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T11:25:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Thiago Bittencourt.pdf: 996185 bytes, checksum: e2ebd21348b6e3e4c52279439d12241c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / Este é um trabalho dedicado a analisar o romance A última quimera de Ana Miranda, com objetivo principal de investigar como ocorre a figuração de dois escritores personagens na narrativa, os poetas Augusto dos Anjos e Olavo Bilac. A partir de então, compreender como se dá a reconstrução de um momento da história da literatura, pelo qual evidenciamos a manifestação de pensamentos críticos sobre as poesias desses dois escritores e sobre a própria história literária que se formava na época. Nesse percurso, nos propomos a conferir outras produções romanescas da autora que também apresentam escritores como personagens. Buscamos saber o que a crítica acadêmica defende sobre a obra em questão e entender o motivo do crescente interesse pela ficcionalização de escritores reconhecidos pelo cânone literário. Para tanto, consultamos dois estudiosos que já se dedicaram a investigar algumas produções literárias como essas: a pesquisadora Leyla Perrone-Moisés e o crítico Carlos Reis. / This is a work dedicated to analyze the novel A última quimera (The last chimera) by Ana Miranda, with main objective to investigate how two characters writers figuration in the narrative, the poets Augusto dos Anjos and Olavo Bilac. From then on, understand how the reconstruction of a moment in the history of literature, by which showed the expression of critical thinking about the poems of these two writers and about own literary history that was formed at the time. In this way, we are dedicated to check others literary works of the same author who also present writers as characters. We seek to see what the academic criticism argues about the novel in question and know the reason for the growing interest in fictionalization of writers recognized by the literary canon. To this end, we consulted two scholars who have dedicated to investigate some literary productions as these: the researcher Leyla Perrone-Moisés and the critic Carlos Reis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Lucia Porto Silva Nogueira.pdf: 3016821 bytes, checksum: 47abd7644496b30cfe6340d009290a25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research has as its object of analysis the gender representations in the Alto Sertão of Bahia, at the turn of the XIX century and the first decades of the XX century. It aims to evidence some cultural practices and social tensions that permeated the experiences of women and men in the society at that time. Based on João Gumes‟s literature, the intellectual backcountry man who described that region in his novelistic plots, it was possible to glimpse the details from the public-private in a dynamic full by the dominant moral values of that period and linked with a strong tradition. Gumes announced the backcountry reality, denounced social injustices and defended the residents from that region, but it wasn‟t his objective to release efforts in order to extinguish socio-cultural stereotypes from gender relationships or to criticize prejudices that existing about the feminine world. In the dialogue with these searches, the analysis focused on differentiated documents, emerging other visions from that same time. In a dialectic and dialogical posture this research aimed to focalized the experiences and women‟s daily actions, finding female identities in different rhythms permanencies, changes, resistances, transgressions despite the set of standards and beliefs that were imposed, at that time, in the context from the backcountry culture / Este trabalho tem como objeto de análise as representações de gênero no Alto Sertão da Bahia, na virada do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX, buscando evidenciar práticas culturais e tensões sociais que permeavam as vivências de homens e mulheres na sociedade da época. Partindo das obras literárias de João Gumes, o sertanejo intelectual que retratou a região em suas tramas romanescas, foi possível entrever os pormenores do público-privado numa dinâmica impregnada pelos valores morais dominantes no período e afinados com forte tradição conservadora. Gumes anunciou a realidade sertaneja, denunciou injustiças sociais e defendeu os moradores do sertão, mas não era seu objetivo desprender esforços para abolir estereótipos sócio-culturais das relações de gênero ou criticar preconceitos existentes sobre o mundo feminino. No contraponto com tais fontes, a análise debruçou-se sobre documentos diferenciados, fazendo emergir outras visões da mesma época. Numa postura dialética e dialógica, a pesquisa buscou focalizar as experiências e ações quotidianas das mulheres, encontrando identidades femininas em diferentes ritmos - permanências, mudanças, resistências, transgressões - a despeito de todo um conjunto de normas e crenças que lhes eram inculcadas, à época, no contexto da cultura sertaneja