After the honor killings of Fadime and Pela, an extensively discussion started in the media, debating honor-related violence and oppression. This debate also made us, the authours of this paper, to pay attention to the problem. As a professional in social work, there are several good points to be made by having an in-depth knowledge in the field, both to discover individuals exposed to honor-related violence and to be able to protect them. The study was conducted by four qualitative interviews with professionals in social work with a professional experience of honor-related problems. Through the interviews, the social worker's view of honor problems emerged. The overall aim of this paper was to analyze how professional social workers relate to the phenomenon of honor-related violence, and how the problems are made visible. A second aim was to show how social services can protect individuals exposed to honor-related violence based on current legislation. Our results demonstrate that the professionals' knowledge is critical to whether honor contexts are discovered and for its continuing work on these cases.

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe how the staff experiences from social services, schools and HVB of collaboration in honor-related violence against young girls. The study is based on six semi-structured interviews. The interviews consist of two staff from the social services, school and HVB. The results of the survey show that the social services, the school and HVB are in need of an increased collaboration and that collaboration is considered a problem area. The obstacles that the staff experience are communication, knowledge, consensus and business domains. The results also highlight that the lack of an action plan on how to work to support, respond to and manage vulnerable girls is unclear and affects collaboration in that there is no common approach with each other. The results collected are confirmed in both previous research and the theoretical starting points. Keywords: Collaboration, honor-related violence, staff, barriers, challenges

The Swedish community and social services face major challenges regarding the management of honor-related violence and oppression. Lack of knowledge and an ambiguous understanding of violence affect the work of social services and may complicate the situation of vulnerable individuals. The main purpose of this study was to investigate social workers, within the section of children and family in a Swedish municipality, perceived knowledge and confidence in honor-related cases and the need for support in their work. The social workers’ views on honor-related violence and oppression were also investigated. The survey was based on a quantitative approach and questionnaires were used for data collection. The main results demonstrate that the social workers to some extent perceive themselves as having expertise in the field of honor. Nevertheless, they feel insecure in the work with honor-related cases. Furthermore, it appears that social workers are in need of specific support from the organization such as education and case supervision. Regarding the view of honor violence, a majority indicated that a gender perspective and a cultural perspective were important to understand the problem. / Samhället och socialtjänsten står inför stora utmaningar gällande hanteringen av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Bristande kunskap och en tvetydig förståelse för våldet påverkar socialtjänstens arbete och kan komma att försvåra situationen för utsatta individer. Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka hur socialarbetare, inom sektionen barn och familj i Falu Kommun, upplever sin kunskap och trygghet i hedersrelaterade ärenden samt behovet av stöd i arbetet. Vidare kartlades socialarbetarnas syn på hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Undersökningen utgick ifrån en kvantitativ ansats, där enkäter användes som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultatet påvisar att socialarbetarna i viss mån upplever sig ha kunskap inom området hedersvåld. Dock känner de sig otrygga i arbetet med hedersrelaterade ärenden. Vidare framkom det att socialarbetarna är i behov av specifikt stöd från verksamheten såsom utbildning och ärendehandledning. Gällande synen på hedersvåld angav majoriteten ett könsmaktsperspektiv och ett kulturellt perspektiv som viktiga för att förstå problemet.

The aim of the study is to understand how the construction of honor-related violence is interpreted by the social worker and the individual on the basis of risk assessment and support. The study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and informants consisted of nine social workers at eight interview sessions. All the social workers had expertise in honor-related violence but had different positions as social workers. Some were children administrators and others were adult handlers. The information was processed by the encoding of the text for theoretical concepts. The results showed that it is relevant to make a difference in the risk assessments of honor-related violence compared to other violence. This is because honor-related violence often involves greater restrictions than partner violence. The phenomenon of honor-related violence can include a wide age range and cannot be reduced to the girls and young girls but also affects older women, depending on what context it is interpreted. Furthermore, higher requirements on protection strategies and coordinated action are demanded. The result shows that it differs greatly between municipalities how to work out with honor-related violence. Violence has scales and it may be different how the individual perceives the violence. Honor based repression often leads to very subtle expression control which makes the problem difficult to identify. This as well as the starting point for the analysis assume their own words to be aggravating factors. There could be a conflict of identifying honor-related violence and social secretary's approach to risk assessment and support can be crucial.

Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera insatser, svårigheter och brister i arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar har en litteraturstudie genomförts. Studierna som använts har bland annat bestått av rapporter och vetenskapliga artiklar. Dessa visar att hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är ett svårdefinierat begrepp som kan ses utifrån olika perspektiv samt ta sig uttryck i kontroll, hot, våld och i de mest extrema fall, mord. Hedersproblematiken har fått mycket uppmärksamhet sedan mordet på Fadime, år 2002. Detta resulterade i att regeringen satsade på arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck.  Trots det antyder analysen att socialtjänsten och en del andra aktörer som är involverade i arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck fortfarande känner en osäkerhet då det gäller hur hedersrelaterade ärenden bör hanteras och att det fortfarande råder brist på kunskap inom området och samverkan mellan olika aktörer brister. Studien visar att det förekommer olika förklaringar då det gäller hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck och väcker frågan om en gemensam syn hade förbättrat samarbetet mellan aktörerna och underlättat arbetet med att fånga upp de hedersutsatta. Trots regeringens satsningar finns det sparsamt med forskning inom området. / The purpose of this study is to identify interventions, difficulties and shortcomings in the work against honor related violence and oppression. A literature review has been conducted to answer the questions for the purpose of the study. The studies that were used have consisted, among other things, of reports and scientific articles. Honor related violence and oppression is a comprehensive concept that is difficult to define, partly because it can be seen from different perspectives and because it is expressed in many different forms such as control, intimidation, violence and in the most extreme cases, murder. Honor related violence and oppression has received a lot of attention since the assassination of Fadime took place in 2002. As a result, the Government introduced major efforts to combat honor violence and oppression.  The analysis showed that social services and some other actors involved in the work against honor related violence and oppression show an uncertainty in dealing with honor cases where there is a lack of knowledge in the field. This, in turn, is proving to affect cooperation in the work regarding honor matters between the actors. If a common approach to honor related violence had improved the cooperation between the actors and helped capture the victims more easily was discussed in this study. However, it is a difficult question to answer since it has its advantages and disadvantages. But a common consensus would have a lot of benefits in the work as it could reduce the uncertainty in relation to the phenomenon. However, this can be difficult to achieve when some explanations and approaches to honor related violence have interpretation precedence, while others have fallen into the shadows. Despite major efforts, there is scant research and a lack of scientific research in the field.

The aim of this study was to analyze society's efforts for girls who are victims of honorrelatedviolence and oppression. More specifically its aim was to examine what efforts thesociety can offer girls who are exposed to honor-related violence and oppression, and howsocial services and shelters cooperate on issues of honor. We have chosen to focus on girlswho are victims of honor-related violence, but we are aware that even boys and men face thisproblem. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach through interviews. Tocomplete the study we have conducted eight interviews throughout Sweden. We haveinterviewed staff at three different social services and four different shelters. This was toexamine how society operates with honor-related problems but also to investigate how thedifferent services and activities interact. The key findings that emerged from our study arethat girls from honor cultures find themselves in a dilemma when they decide to seek helpbecause of violence and oppression. On one hand, they are unable to live by familyconstraints while on the other hand they do not get the possibility of total freedom if they fleethe home. Society's efforts today include protection, support and guidance for these girls, butaccording to our informants, this is not enough. They feel that what is missing is an effort tohelp the girls after their stay at shelters because they often become isolated when they begin anew life, in a new city, all alone.

Hedersrelaterat våld har inga gränser. Det sker inte endast i ett land, av ett folk med en specifik etnicitet, kultur eller religion. Hedersrelaterat våld existerar världen runt, även i Sverige. Mordet på Fadime Sahindal fick internationell uppmärksamhet och folk var i chock, speciellt den svenska regeringen som länge försökte förneka våldets existens i vårt avlånga jämställda land. Hedersrelaterat våld är en kategori av våld som i de flesta fall drabbar unga kvinnor som vägrar att infinna sig i familjens eller släktens normer och regler. Forskningens syften är att jämföra det hedersrelaterade våldet i Sverige och Turkiet samt att undersöka förklaringarna till fenomenet. Målet är även att undersöka rättsväsendet i de båda länderna gällande hedersrelaterat våld och titta på hur olika organisationer arbetar för att motverka att fler kvinnor blir utsatta för våldet. Feministisk teori är ett verktyg som genomgående har använts i undersökningen och materialet är hämtat både från biografier och intervjuer som genomförts både i Sverige och i Turkiet. Regeringarna i både Sverige och Turkiet måste tydligt ta bättre ansvar för hedersproblematiken och inte lägga det i händerna på hjälporganisationerna. I Turkiet finns det alldeles för få kvinnoorganisationer för kvinnor utsatta för hedersrelaterat våld och i Sverige är boendena överfyllda och kvinnor blir nekade skyddat boende på grund av för få platser. Även polis och socialstyrelsen har fått kritik för deras otillräckliga arbete inom hedersproblematiken. Målet är att det inte skall finnas kvinnojourer, men i dagens läge verkar det som att det bara behövs fler. Det är något som inte stämmer, både i Sverige och i Turkiet. / Honor-related violence has no boundaries. It does not only occur in a particular country or is associated with one specific ethnicity, culture or religion. Honor-related violence exists around the world, even in Sweden. The murder of Fadime Sahindal received international attention and people were in shock, especially the Swedish government which for a long time had tried to deny that such violence existed in our long-standing country of equality. Honor-related violence is a category of violence which in most cases affects young women who refuse to assimilate to their families’ or relatives’ norms and rules. The research objectives are to compare honor-related violence in Sweden and Turkey as well as investigating the reasons for the phenomenon. The aim also includes investigating the judiciary system in both countries regarding honor-related violence and looks at how different organizations work to counter more women from becoming victims of honor-related violence. Feminist theory is a tool which has been used consistently in the investigation and the analyzed information was taken from biographies and interviews which were conducted in Sweden and Turkey. The governments of Sweden and Turkey must clearly take more responsibility for the honor-related violence problem rather than leaving the problem in the hands of charitable organizations. In Turkey, there are far too few women organizations for women exposed to honor-related violence while in Sweden, shelters are overflowing and women are denied accommodation because of too few places. Even the police and authorities have received criticism for their inadequate work towards dealing with honor-related violence. The aim should be for creating a society where there is no need for women shelters; however, with the current situation, it seems that even more are needed. There is certainly something wrong occurring both in Sweden and Turkey.

The aim of the study was to investigate the social service's approach and handling of cases related to honor-related violence and oppression. Furthermore, we wanted to map the boundary the social service makes between honor-related violence and oppression and violence in close relationships. In order to provide a detailed analysis of the aspects and questions that shall follow, a qualitative thematic analysis method has been used by conducting four semi-structured interviews with social secretaries from a social office in Sweden. The results showed that social secretaries define and manage honor-related violence and oppression in different ways. There is also no clear boundary between the phenomena, however, there are certain factors / motives in the respondents' responses that are of great importance to the social workers when they define honor-related violence and oppression. Some common underlying factors / motives are the collective or the nuclear family, culture or sexuality. It was also found that respondents often associate problems of honor with people of foreign origin. Another interesting observation worth highlighting was that several of the respondents did not really have any direct action plan or special guidelines to follow. In addition, the interviews showed that the most common intervention is family therapy and thus it is the first intervention offered.

Honour-related violence and oppression is a global problem that affects an enormous number of people. Identity formation is a critical development stage for young people and can be even more problematic when living in an honour-related culture within a modern-day Scandinavia. In this thesis, we focus on the narratives of two young men who highlight the complexity of living across two distinct cultural contexts, a parallel society in other words. We used narrative analysis to examine two autobiographies;one from aDanish setting, the other from a Swedish one. The study set out to examine what an honour culture is and how it affected the lives of the young men who tell their story. Our analysis shows that young men are also exposed to violence and oppression. As a result, they may suffer from various stresses, both physical and psychological, in the form of abuse, forced marriage and compulsory role assignments in the family and broader community. The study provides a clear picture of how life in a parallel society can turn out for young men and how their identity is affected in the process. Furthermore, our study highlights the lived experiences of the young men and examines the resilience required to break away from a culture that undermines one's ability to live an independent life.

This is a scoping review about honor-related violence based on nine articles published by researchers and one report from a Swedish authority, and the aim of this study was to examine how the subject was described in existing literature. We did a concept analysis of the reviewed literature and these concepts where analyzed in relation to symbolic interactionism and intersectional theories. Honor-related violence is a phenomenon that during the 21st century has been acknowledged globally and is known to especially affect women. The result of the scoping review showed that the factors that are most claimed to result in honor-related violence differ. From a cultural point of view advocates claim that the honor is collective and it is also the most significant in a person’s life, thus when someone in the collective acts against what is subscribed to subsidise honor the whole collective is affected and the one who stripped the collective of its honor needs to be punished. The universal, also known as structural, point of view claims that honor-related violence is part of patriarchal structures and thus can be positioned as part of gender-based violence against women, where the aim of the violence is to maintain male dominance. However, this point of view does not explain why also women can be perpetrators in the name of honor, and neither does it explain why men can become victim of honor-related violence and honor-killings. The violence that is exerted is above all consisting of mental abuse such as symbolic violence and threats of different degrees. Physical abuse also occurs and in the most extreme cases an honor-killing takes place. The result also showed gaps in existing knowledge where more research should be done regarding boys and young men as victims of honor-related violence and women as perpetrators of honor-related violence.