Cette thèse de doctorat étudie l'interprétation calculatoire des preuves de la logique classique. Elle présente trois calculs reflétant trois approches différentes de la question. <br /><br /> Cette thèse est donc composée de trois parties. <br /><br /> La première partie introduit le *X calcul, dont les termes représentent des preuves dans le calcul des séquents classique. Les règles de réduction du *X calcul capture la plupart des caractéristiques de l'élimination des coupures du calcul des séquents. Ce calcul introduit des termes permettant une<br />implémentation implicite de l'effacement et de la duplication. Pour autant que nous sachions, c'est le premier tel calcul pour la logique classique. <br /><br /> La deuxième partie étudie la possibilité de représenter les calculs classiques au moyen de diagrammes. Nous présentons le dX calcul, qui est le calcul diagrammatique de la logique classique, et dont les diagrammes sont issus des<br />*X-termes. La différence principale réside dans le fait que dX fonctionne à un niveau supérieur d'abstraction. Il capture l'essence des preuves du calcul des séquents ainsi que l'essence de l'élimination classique des coupures. <br /><br /> La troisième partie relie les deux premières. Elle présente le $copy;X calcul qui est une version unidimensionnelle du calcul par diagramme. Nous commencons par le *X, où nous identifions explicitement les termes qui doivent l'être. Ceux-ci<br />sont les termes qui encodent les preuves des séquents qui sont équivalentes modulo permutation de règles d'inférence indépendantes. Ces termes ont également la même représentation par diagramme. Une telle identification induit une relation de congruence sur les termes. La relation de réduction est définie modulo la congruence, et les règles de réduction correspondent à celle du dX calcul.

Irrigation uniformity, efficiency, leaching fraction, salt and water ages, and evapotranspiration rate were estimated from subsoil salinity data for three cotton fields in Arizona. The estimation of these parameters was based on the assumption of steady-state water and salt flow through the crop root zone. The levels of salt concentration in the irrigation water were 21.3, 11.5, and 11.6 meq/L for Fields 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Two of these fields were furrow irrigated, and the third was subsurface drip irrigated. Each field was sampled for salt concentrations to a depth of 1.5 m at 10-15 sites. A total of 514 soil samples were collected. Significantly lower salt concentrations were observed in the soil profiles in Fields 1 and 2 compared to Field 3, but lower variations in the salt concentrations were observed in Field 3 compared with Fields 1 and 2. These variations in salt concentration could be due to restricted water movement within the soil profile caused by stratified soil. Since a soil-water extract model indicated little or no chemical precipitation of salt within the soil profile, there was no need to correct the data for chemical effects. The calculated irrigation uniformity was highest in Field 3 and lowest in Field 1. This may be related to more accurate land leveling in field 2 than Field 1. The irrigation efficiencies were 83.0%, 89.0%, and 80.0% for Fields 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the ages of salt and water was 0.98, 0.99, and 0.97 for Fields 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Leaching fraction was highest in Field 3 and lowest in Field 2. Mean actual ET calculated from the Blaney-Criddle method were 372, 314, and 308 mm for Fields 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Mean ET calculated from the salinity data were 1,250, 1,590, and 1,140 mm for Fields 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Statistically significant correlation coefficients were, however, found between both methods of estimating ET. These values were 0.97, 0.86, and 0.93 for Fields 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

This study examines the theology and social ethics of John Howard Yoder with a view toward how creation and redemption are related in his theology. The first chapter examines Yoder's aversion to certain construals of creation and argues that he is not inherently hostile to creation as such, but is cautious with respect to the possible abuse of creation as a theological and ethical category. The second chapter evaluates the nature of the state in Yoder's theology, examines his view of the Powers in this context, and argues that his view of redemption can be seen as a restoration of an eschatologically open creation. The third chapter compares Yoder's theology and social ethics with those of J. Richard Middleton, arguing that there may be a potential for interconnection between Yoder's Anabaptistic focus on the politics of Jesus and Middleton's Reformational emphasis upon the goodness of the power of creation seen in the imago Dei of Genesis I.

This thesis is a critical analysis of the theology and ethics of dispensationalist Christian Zionism in America. Chapter One introduces the thesis and its method, which draws constructively from history, sociology, and anthropology while remaining substantively theological. Chapter Two describes dispensationalism's origins in nineteenth-century Britain and its dissemination and development in America. Chapter Three moves from broad, historical description to the contemporary and particular through an introduction to Faith Bible Chapel (FBC), an American Christian Zionist congregation. This description arises from an academic term spent at FBC observing congregational life and conducting extensive interviews, as well as fieldwork undertaken in FBC's "adopted settlement" in the West Bank, including interviews with Israeli settlers about partnerships with American Christians. The remaining chapters move to more explicitly doctrinal analysis. Chapters Four through Six are shaped by William Cavanaugh's concept of 'theopolitics' (Theopolitical Imagination, 2002): a disciplined, community-gathering common imagination of time and space. Through the exploration of a key historical text (The Scofield Reference Bible, 1917) and its continuing legacies in the life and thought of FBC, these chapters examine the theopolitics of dispensationalist Christian Zionism, demonstrating that it is a complex system of convictions and practices in which the disciplines of biblicism and biblical literalism form an eschatology which subordinates ecclesiology and Christology, nurturing an imagination of the roles of Christ and the church in time and space which sever social ethics from necessary Christological and ecclesiological sources. John Howard Yoder's work is used to bring this system into relief, and to establish that eschatology per se is not inimical to Christian social ethics. Chapter Seven concludes the thesis with a summary of its findings, as well as a discussion of the positive functions of apocalyptic in Christian social ethics, pointing toward the possibility of alternative ecclesial enactments of apocalyptic theopolitics.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:42:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 466516.pdf: 3482012 bytes, checksum: 54cfbb5b8db1506786f5332e5861052b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-16 / The present work has as objective to comprehend fans appropriations and reframing (Jenkins, Hills, Jenson) of the character Cthulhu, Howard Phillips Lovecraft s creation, in the context of cyberculture (L?vy, Manovich, Castells, Santaella). Lovecraft, born in Providence, United States, lived between 1890 and 1937, and wrote short stories and poems on the fantastic genre of literature. His creations survived time, being modified and reinterpreted in different entertainment spheres and, in cyberculture, appropriated by fans in large scale around the world. By the analysis of posts and conversations in the page Cthulhu , on Facebook, it was objectified to comprehend who is the fans Cthulhu. In addition, it was aimed to investigate what would the differences be between these reframings and Lovecraft s short story, The Call of Cthulhu , in a context where the new media and the Social Network Websites amplify and facilitate content s production methods and its propagation among the fandom. The methodologies chosen were the documental analysis and the conversation analysis in social media, being done together and later on related with the theoretical approaches chosen. Through the research, the character, before a terrible and irrational monster, gained from the fans personality, human traits, merged with memes and transcended its purpose beyond the original short story destroying humanity -, becoming a socializing creature. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender as apropria??es e ressignifica??es de f?s (Jenkins, Hills, Jenson) acerca do personagem Cthulhu, cria??o de Howard Phillips Lovecraft, no contexto da cibercultura (L?vy, Manovich, Castells, Santaella). Lovecraft, nascido em Providence, Estados Unidos, viveu entre 1890 e 1937, e escreveu contos e poemas do g?nero da literatura fant?stica. Suas cria??es sobreviveram ao tempo, sendo modificadas e reinterpretadas em diversas esferas do entretenimento e, na cibercultura, apropriadas pelos f?s em grande escala ao redor do mundo. Por meio da an?lise de postagens e conversa??es dentro da p?gina Cthulhu, no Facebook, objetivou-se compreender quem ? o Cthulhu dos f?s. Tamb?m, desejou-se investigar quais seriam as diferen?as entre essas ressignifica??es para o conto de Lovecraft, O Chamado de Cthulhu, em um contexto onde as novas m?dias e os Sites de Redes Sociais amplificam e facilitam as formas de produ??o e difus?o de conte?do entre o fandom. As metodologias escolhidas foram a an?lise documental e a an?lise de conversa??o em redes sociais, sendo realizadas em conjunto e relacionadas posteriormente com os aportes te?ricos escolhidos. Por meio da pesquisa constatou-se que o personagem, antes um monstro tem?vel e irracional, ganhou dos f?s personalidade, tra?os humanos, fundiu-se a memes e transcendeu seu prop?sito al?m do conto original o de destruir a humanidade -, tornando-se uma criatura socializante.

Elementary teachers in a school district in a western state expressed concerns about the reading achievement of students with disabilities (SWDs). SWDs were not developing decoding, comprehension, and fluency skills to become proficient readers. Without mastering these skills, SWDs will experience diminished academic attainment in their school career. To address this problem, teachers in elementary learning centers (LCs) within the district implemented Reader's Theater (RT), an evidenced-based reading approach that incorporates repeated readings using drama-based activities. The purpose of this qualitative bounded case study was to explore elementary LC teachers' use and implementation of RT to improve reading performance with SWDs. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences served as the conceptual framework for this study. A purposeful sample of 2 LC teachers who implemented RT with SWDs volunteered to participate in semistructured interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using open coding. The 2 LC teachers noted that RT was useful to increase SWDs' willingness to read, reading fluency, and student investment by integrating repeated reading opportunities in drama-based activities. Based on the research findings, a 3-day RT professional development workshop was developed to assist elementary LC teachers in the district to teach early reading skills to SWDs. This endeavor may contribute to positive social change by providing LC teachers with knowledge about RT that is useful in improving SWDs' fluency, decoding, and comprehension skills and, ultimately, enhancing their reading achievement.

This thesis examines the life and thought of the influential Melbourne organist, teacher and music critic, Arthur Ernest Howard Nickson (1876-1964). Born in Melbourne, Nickson studied in England on the Clarke Scholarship at the Royal College of Music (1895-1899). During his studies in England, Nickson experienced the Catholic revival in the Church of England at its height. On his return to Australia in 1901 Nickson’s activities as a church musician, and later, as a teacher provided the platform for him to articulate views that were formed as a result of these influences. Beginning in 1904, Nickson’s 56-year career as a lecturer at the University Of Melbourne Conservatorium Of Music is important, as every student had to pass through his lectures at some point in their course. As music critic at the Age from 1927, Nickson played a decisive role in shaping public taste at the time of the establishment of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra under Bernard Heinze, who was also Ormond Professor of Music at the University of Melbourne (1926-57). Nickson’s essays form a distinct group of writings that are probably unique in Australia. The main published essays cover a forty-year period beginning in 1905, and show the development of Nickson’s thinking about the moral basis and spiritual nature of music, his views on the nature of the Church, and his worldview, based on Neoplatonic philosophy, which shaped his thinking about the process of creation. While Nickson’s view of the created order was shaped by Neoplatonic influences, his view of the redemptive function of art was expressed in terms of sacramental theology, and was related very closely to his Anglo-Catholicism. In his essays and lectures Nickson frequently worked with an abstracted concept of ‘Art’, rather than specific art objects. While reference was made to art objects, it is not clear how Nickson defined the term ‘artist’. Nickson’s attention in his discussions of ‘Art’ tended to focus on the artist, rather than the object. This was a result of his world view, which saw art objects as an emanation from the personality of the artist; this necessitated the cultivation of a disposition of mind, which was enabled by the acquisition of mystical intuition. While his description of the fine arts as consisting of architecture, sculpture, painting, poetry and music was in line with older views of art, his views on the artist are difficult to discern, which raises the question of whether Nickson saw himself as an artist. Clearly his vocation was not as a composer, as the discussion of his mass settings in Chapter 3 will demonstrate, while as an organ teacher he was more interested in interpretation than in the mechanics of playing the instrument. This thesis falls into two broad sections. The first three chapters seek to provide an adequate biography of Nickson, which has never previously been done. The fourth chapter examines Nickson’s worldview and the implications this had for his thinking about music, and falls into two parts. The first part follows Nickson’s worldview as it was expressed in his essays, and focuses attention on the concept of art as a process of sign making. The manner in which this sign making is understood is essential to its function, and in Nickson’s writings three understandings emerge: symbol, metaphor and sacrament. The second part of the discussion examines Nickson’s articulation of his worldview in relation to music, which he considered to be the most divine of the arts, drawing on lecture notes, student reminiscences and Nickson’s own. Nickson’s central claim was that art is a sacrament. This can be seen in relation to his faith, where the regular use of the Church’s sacraments was central. This claim is challenged by statements Nickson made about the faith of composers such as Beethoven and Bach. This raises questions about sacramental efficacy when applied to art, and some limitations implicit in viewing art as a sacrament. It will be argued that Nickson conceived of artistic creation as fundamentally a process of sign making. The sign may be regarded as a symbol, metaphor or sacrament, and the process of creating the sign reflects God’s own creative activity in human creative acts. Nickson conceived of human creative action as having a redemptive character, bringing the artist into closer unity with the godhead. This union was the ultimate aim of art, being the act of redemption that paralleled the union brought about by such sacraments as the Eucharist. This term also points to some tensions in Nickson’s worldview, where he expressed a view of the creation of the material world as being both a dynamic, continuing activity of emanation from God, and a single action of the will of God, such as the creation account of Genesis.

L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude des systèmes formels du type des systèmes LJ et LK de Gentzen (couramment appelés calculs des séquents) dans leur rapport avec la calculabilité. Le procédé de calcul dans ces systèmes consiste en « l'élimination des coupures ». Deux interprétations sont considérées.<br /><br />Le lambda-calcul constitue le support de la première interprétation. Nous établissons une correspondance de type Curry-Howard entre LJ et une variante syntaxique du lambda-calcul avec opérateur explicite de substitution (de type « let _ in _ »). Une procédure de normalisation/élimination des coupures confluente et terminant fortement est donnée et l'extension de la correspondance à LK se fait en considérant l'opérateur mu du lambda-mu-calcul de Parigot.<br /><br />La théorie des jeux constitue le support de la deuxième interprétation: les preuves des calculs des séquents sont vues comme des stratégies gagnantes pour certains types de jeux à deux joueurs (dialogues) se disputant la validité de la formule prouvée. Nous donnons deux résultats.<br /><br />Dans un premier temps, nous montrons qu'il suffit de considérer des restrictions LJQ de LJ puis LKQ de LK pour établir, dans le cas propositionnel, une bijection entre les preuves de ces systèmes et les E-dialogues intuitionnistes puis classiques définis par Lorenzen dans un but de fondement de la prouvabilité en termes de jeux. Ceci affine et généralise un résultat de Felscher d'équivalence entre l'existence d'une preuve d'une formule A dans LJ et l'existence d'une stratégie gagnante pour le premier des joueurs dans un E-dialogue à propos de A.<br /><br />Dans un deuxième temps, nous partons d'une logique propositionnelle infinitaire sans variable considérée par Coquand pour y définir une interaction prouvée terminante entre les preuves vues comme stratégies gagnantes. Nous montrons une correspondance opérationnelle entre ce procédé d'interaction et l'élimination « faible de tête » des coupures, celle-ci étant indépendamment prouvée terminante.

Cette thèse se consacre à l'application de techniques de réalisabilité dans le cadre de l'étude du sens calculatoire de la logique. Dans une première partie, nous rappelons le formalisme de la réalisabilité classique de Krivine, dans lequel nous menons ensuite une étude du contenu opérationnel de tautologies purement classiques. Cette exploration du sens calculatoire de la disjonction classique révèle des comportements riches, avec une forte intuition interactive, qui s'interprètent avantageusement comme des structures de contrôle typées. Afin de mieux comprendre la nature de ces mécanismes, nous définissons ensuite une technique de réalisabilité à la Krivine pour un modèle de calcul concurrent, dans le but d'obtenir une notion de constructivité qui ne soit plus fondée sur l'idée de fonction, mais sur celle de processus interactif. Le cadre ainsi obtenu donne une interprétation réellement concurrente de la logique linéaire dans un calcul de processus dérivé du pi-calcul, permettant d'appliquer au cas concurrent la méthode de spécification précédemment étudiée dans le cas séquentiel. Par la suite, l'étude des traductions de la logique classique vers la logique linéaire mène à reconstruire systématiquement des décompositions interactives du calcul fonctionnel, permettant ainsi de faire le lien au niveau logique entre les réalisabilités classique et concurrente. Dans une dernière partie, nous étudions plus en détail le mode de calcul issu des algèbres de processus, afin de comprendre son système d'ordonnancement. Cette étude mène à la définition d'un modèle de calcul plus géométrique qui permet une exploration formelle de la notion de causalité dans les calculs concurrents.

Religious Studies is making possible a scholarly study of many aspects of human religious traditions and practices, but the field has yet to articulate fully the ability of such study to affect the creation of new approaches to intractable social and political problems. Many of these problems have as their basis religious justifications, yet the rigor of academic thought has only barely begun to clarify the underlying religious reasoning. Through this essay I intend to provide clarity to some of the underlying religious justifications for war and violence by examining the religious writings of two widely recognized theologians that firmly oppose war and violence, John Howard Yoder and Mohandas Gandhi. The result is an examination on the utility of using religious ideas as sources of insights and strategies for addressing social and political issues such as war and violence.