Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-23T11:54:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jacqueline Aguiar da Silva_.pdf: 756114 bytes, checksum: ac7574302d0052b68ea757e09aee174f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-23T11:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jacqueline Aguiar da Silva_.pdf: 756114 bytes, checksum: ac7574302d0052b68ea757e09aee174f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / Nenhuma / A caracterização da maternidade impositiva e simbólica, tendo no filho biologicamente estabelecido o objeto do desejo, faz analisar a inserção do direito de procriação no campo dos direitos humanos reprodutivos, que se torna mola propulsora do desenvolvimento do saber biomédico apto a desconstruir a reprodução como algo natural e transpô-la para a alcova do laboratório, imersa em um contexto bioético e biopolítico, e fincado em embates políticos e jurídicos. O corpo reprodutivo aparece no cerne da discussão domesticado, controlado e politizado, na medida em que a reprodução se torna a mola propulsora do desenvolvimento biomédico, impulsionado pelos critérios de liberdade, autonomia e igualdade e, pelas incursões da economia de mercado em contraponto com os princípios bioéticos a serem respeitados pelo saber médico, enaltecendo teias de biopoder nas relações que se estabelecem entre os sujeitos envolvidos. Nesta perspectiva, em função dos embates a serem verificados entre individual e coletivo, público e privado, ganha relevo o papel do Estado, do qual se exigem a definição de posturas ativas prestacionais, sob a forma de políticas públicas, aptas a tornar exequível o direito à concretização do projeto parental por intermédio do uso de técnicas de reprodução assistida. Não mais a mera figura de um Estado assistencialista, mas um Estado estrategista e inteligente, que insere a biopolítica na agenda de perspectivas de governamentalidade. / The characterization of imposing and symbolic motherhood, considering the biologically established child as the object of desire, conducts to analyze the insertion of the right of procreation in the field of human reproductive rights, which becomes a springboard for development of knowledge able to deconstruct biomedical playback as something natural and transpose it to the alcove of the lab, immersed in a bioethical and biopolitical context, and stuck in political and legal struggles. The reproductive body appears at the core of the discussion tamed, controlled and politicized to the extent that reproduction becomes the mainspring of the biomedical development, driven by the criteria of freedom, autonomy and equality and, by the incursions of the market economy in contrast with the bioethical principles to be respected by the medical knowledge, extolling webs biopower relations established between the individuals involved. In this perspective, in terms of the collisions to be checked between individual and collective, public and private, becomes important the role of the State, which requires the definition of prestacionais active stance in the form of public politics, such as to make enforceable the right to implementate the parental project through the use of assisted reproduction techniques. No longer a mere figure of a welfare state but a clever and strategist State, which placed biopolitics in the prospects of governmentality agenda.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATA CRESSONI GOMES.pdf: 864143 bytes, checksum: a3f9f08993727a9b48be8d626b6e76e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objectives of the present study were: systematize the technical handling of clinical psychological interventions evidencing the comprehension of the transference relationships; describe the vicissitudes in the analytical field during these clinical interventions; and describe the technical handling of the psychological intervention with one female infertile patient of a human reproduction school clinic. The method used was the descriptive clinical method with a psychoanalytical approach. The analysis and the discussion of the results were based upon the presentation of one case, which served the purpose of illustrating the technique meant to be described. We present Mrs. S. case, a 41-year-old woman, informally married for five years, conducting an infertility treatment in the human reproduction clinic. The patient was attended by the psychologist in the ambient of the clinic during the period of her second pregnancy attempt. The instrument used to collect data was the psychological interviews or sessions. Only three (3) sessions took place and, within the period of two months, the patient missed three of the scheduled appointments. The sessions were analyzed according to the psychoanalytical theory. Five (5) analysis categories were created: 1) Listening; 2) Configuration of Psychological Complaint; 3) Conflicts Handling; 4) Transference Handling; 5) Setting. These categories represent elements of the session. The division of the session into categories has a didactic purpose; however, the systematization of the handling in these clinical consultations is made possible by the development of each of these categories during each session. Listening refers to the capacity of the psychotherapist to comprehend the relationship established with the patient, as well as understanding all the meta-psychological elements put on the emotional field, from theory-methodology perspective. The Configuration of a Psychological Complaint relies on the approximation to the psychological suffering, and to the conflicts that lie underneath the explicit or organic complaint. The Handling of the Conflicts refers to the way the psychotherapist comprehends and returns to the patient the contents brought up to session. It is emphasized that in handling the conflicts, the psychotherapist selects a specific element and focuses on it during the treatment, privileging actual life situations specifically related to the complaint. The Transference Handling deals with the comprehension and devolution of transference aspects to the patient. The transference neurosis and psychosis are avoided and the work is preferably developed through the interpretation of the extra-transference situation. Finally, the Setting embodies all formal and dynamic aspects that constitute the emotional field over which the treatment is developed. This type of consultation stays in between the psychological interview and the brief psychotherapy session; it has limited time and objectives that vary according to the adaptation quality and motivation of each patient to the psychological treatment. We conclude that this clinical consultation concerns both the diagnosis and the intervention, and that the role of the psychologist is to assist the patients in acknowledging the latent and manifest aspects of their complaint as well as provide a listening place in which their contents can be thought and understood / O presente estudo teve por objetivos: descrever o manejo técnico do atendimento psicológico, ilustrado pelo caso de uma paciente infértil de um ambulatório de reprodução humana assistida; descrever as vicissitudes no campo analítico nestes atendimentos; e sistematizar esse manejo técnico em intervenções ambulatoriais em que se privilegia a compreensão das relações transferenciais. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foram os próprios atendimentos, ou entrevistas psicológicas, baseadas no método clínico de abordagem psicanalítica. A análise e a discussão dos resultados se basearam na apresentação de um único caso, que ilustrou a técnica que se objetivou sistematizar e descrever. É apresentado o caso da Sra. S., uma mulher de 41 anos, com parceiro em união estável há cinco anos, que realizava tratamento de infertilidade no ambulatório de reprodução humana. A paciente foi atendida pela psicóloga no próprio ambulatório durante o período da segunda tentativa de gravidez. Foram realizados efetivamente três (3) atendimentos e, no período de dois meses, a paciente não compareceu a três (3) sessões. Foram criadas cinco (5) categorias de análise: 1) Escuta; 2) Configuração de Queixa Psicológica; 3) Manejo dos Conflitos; 4) Manejo da Transferência; e 5) Enquadre. Estas categorias representaram elementos do atendimento. A divisão do atendimento em categorias teve propósito didático, no entanto, a sistematização do manejo deu-se a partir do desenvolvimento destas categorias, mas não numa ordem pré-estabelecida. A Escuta refere-se à capacidade do psicoterapeuta compreender a relação estabelecida com o paciente, assim como os elementos metapsicológicos depositados no campo, a partir de seu quadro de referência teórico-metodológico. A Configuração de Queixa Psicológica refere-se à aproximação do sofrimento psíquico e dos conflitos que subjazem à queixa orgânica ou manifesta. O Manejo dos Conflitos representa o modo como são interpretados e devolvidos a um paciente os conteúdos trazidos para a sessão. Ressalta-se, no manejo dos conflitos, a eleição de um foco de trabalho em que se privilegia a situação atual da vida do paciente relacionada especificamente à sua queixa. O Manejo da Transferência refere-se à forma como os aspectos transferenciais são compreendidos e devolvidos ao paciente. A neurose e psicose de transferência são evitadas e o trabalho é preferencialmente desenvolvido a partir da interpretação de situações extra-transferenciais. Por fim, o Enquadre engloba todos os aspectos formais e dinâmicos que constituem o campo emocional sobre o qual se trabalha. Este tipo de atendimento pode ser situado entre a entrevista psicológica e o atendimento em psicoterapia breve com objetivos e tempo limitados, variando de acordo com a qualidade adaptativa do paciente e sua motivação para o atendimento psicológico. Concluímos que este modelo de atendimento ambulatorial engloba aspectos tanto diagnósticos quanto de intervenção e que o papel do psicólogo neste contexto é auxiliar o paciente atendido a compreender sua queixa em seus aspectos latentes e manifestos, além de propiciar um espaço de escuta em que os conteúdos trazidos podem ser pensados e compreendidos

The research addresses the existence of a fundamental right of access to assisted human reproductive techniques in Brazil. It starts with the analysis of several international rules on reproductive rights, as well as principles of bioethics, in order to enter the Brazilian internal rules concerning the right to health, family planning and human dignity. Therefore, in the face of so many problems hindering the effectiveness of social rights, it is imperative that the Brazilian jurists ponder the right to having a legitimate child and regulating one s offspring, according to the reality of public finances in a country such as Brazil. Thus, the contempt for the exercise of a right which has legal and constitutional grounds is unacceptable, as highlighted several times in this research. Moreover, it provides great importance to administrative rules issued by the Brazilian State seeking the provision of assisted human reproductive services by SUS. In that respect, it also investigates how these services are being provided to the population of the State of Alagoas. In the pursuit of effectiveness, the research shows the doctrinal constructions that follow the theme, such as the reserve of the possible, the existential minimum, the prohibition of retroceding and judicial activism. Still in the midst of this research, the few judgments that are concerned with the issue in Brazil are analyzed from a critical standpoint of view in order to contribute to future court decisions that will deal with the matter, since the social situation announces that such demands will grow sharply in the Brazilian Judiciary. Finally, the most appropriate legal ways to exercise this right are discussed. / O trabalho discute a existência de um direito fundamental de acesso às técnicas de reprodução humana assistida no Brasil. Parte-se da análise de diversas normas internacionais sobre direitos reprodutivos, além de princípios de bioética, para adentrar nas normas internas brasileiras referentes ao direito à saúde, ao planejamento familiar e à dignidade da pessoa humana. Assim, diante de tantos problemas que dificultam a efetividade dos direitos sociais, torna-se imperioso que os juristas brasileiros ponderem o exercício do direito a ter um filho natural e regular sua prole, com a realidade das finanças públicas em um país como o Brasil. Destarte, o que se torna inadmissível é o desprezo total pelo exercício de um direito que encontrou sua fundamentação legal e constitucional, conforme é destacado por diversas vezes na pesquisa. Ademais, presta-se enorme relevo às normas administrativas expedidas pelo Estado brasileiro, as quais buscam a disponibilização dos serviços de reprodução humana assistida pelo SUS. É nesse ponto que também se investiga como esses serviços estão sendo prestados à população do Estado de Alagoas. Na busca da efetividade, a pesquisa mostra as construções doutrinárias que caminham com a temática, a exemplo da reserva do possível, do mínimo existencial, da proibição do retrocesso e do ativismo judicial. Ainda no bojo do trabalho, os poucos acórdãos que tratam da temática no Brasil são analisados sob um aspecto crítico, a fim de contribuir para as futuras decisões judiciais que tratarão da matéria, pois a conjuntura social anuncia que essas demandas poderão crescer acentuadamente no Judiciário brasileiro. Por fim, discute-se qual o caminho judicial mais adequado para o exercício desse direito.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alvarenga_cmd_dr_botfm_prot.pdf: 1786103 bytes, checksum: 14d9f0d294fb6c639b79eab0f8e823c6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar, experimentalmente, o possível mecanismo pelo qual o extrato aquoso de Plectranthus barbatus (boldo-brasileiro), planta utilizada popularmente como abortiva, atua sobre o organismo materno ou sobre o desenvolvimento do concepto durante o período de pré-implantação, correlacionando sua ingestão com possíveis alterações no transporte e desenvolvimento embrionário ou com alterações hormonais maternas... / The present study was conducted to determine the possible mechanism by which the aqueous extract of Plectranthus barbatus (brazilian-boldo), a plant used popularly as abortive agent, can lead to early loss of pregnancy, correlating this possible effect with morphological alterations in the embryo, oviductal motility dysfunctions or maternal hormonal level modifications...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)

Para dar conta das responsabilidades atribuídas ao novo lugar reservado à mulher contemporânea, ela tem optado, com frequência, por adiar o projeto da maternidade para mais tarde; quando, enfim, resolve concretizá-lo, o seu corpo já não responde satisfatoriamente, obrigando-a, na maioria das vezes, a recorrer às tecnologias de reprodução. Estas, pelos recursos disponíveis e pelos novos procedimentos que acrescentam à vida da mulher, têm promovido verdadeira revolução naquilo que há de mais antigo na experiência humana: a concepção e a maternidade. Enfrentar o tratamento, a gravidez e o nascimento de bebês múltiplos tem-se constituído grande desafio para essa mulher. Nesta investigação - um estudo qualitativo situado no âmbito da psicologia clínica, no qual adotamos conceitos da teoria winnicottiana - pesquisamos a condição de mulheres que buscaram a reprodução assistida e se tornaram mães de bebês múltiplos, bem como procuramos compreender como lidam com tal condição. Para tanto, por meio de entrevista narrativa, ouvimos três mães de múltiplos acerca de sua experiência. Nosso estudo se justifica por sua importância e atualidade, inclusive pelo que pode oferecer de subsídios à temática ainda carente de novas contribuições teóricas, especialmente quanto às questões psicológicas nele implicadas. Para a análise dos dados, subdividimos o material em categorias e subcategorias. Daí pudemos constatar a ambivalência vivida por aquelas mães diante do paradoxo de uma experiência que expõe a contradição entre desejar e viver a maternidade. Para elas, lidar com os excessos que tal condição impõe rigores do tratamento, várias tentativas para engravidar, abortos sofridos, filhos prematuros constituiu-se um fardo pesado demais a ser suportado, fonte de angústia permanente e de desgastes físico e emocional, cujos desdobramentos ainda não se pode dimensionar. O estudo evidenciou, também, a existência de outras questões que acabaram por repercutir nas condições por elas enfrentadas quando recorreram à reprodução assistida. A experiência pode ter sido exacerbada pela falta de acolhimento nas várias etapas do processo. Além disso, lidar com o problema dos embriões excedentes se constituiu um desafio a mais, por se tratar de temática carente de legislação específica, necessária ao disciplinamento da matéria em nosso país. Que essas questões, ainda pouco discutidas pela literatura, possam estimular o desenvolvimento de novos estudos. / Accounting for the responsibilities assigned to the new place reserved for the contemporary woman, who has often chosen to delay her motherhood project for later; when, finally, she decides to have children, her body no longer responds satisfactorily, forcing her, most of the time, to seek help by means of reproductive technologies. These, by the available resources and new procedures that add to the life span of women, have promoted a revolution in what is most ancient in human experience: the conception and motherhood. Face treatment, pregnancy and the giving birth to multiple babies have resulted in great challenges for the woman. This research is a qualitative study based on clinical psychology, in which the concepts of Winnicotts theory have been adopted. The condition of women seeking assisted reproduction which has resulted in them becoming mothers of multiple babies as well as trying to understand how to deal with such a condition has been researched. To accomplish this, three mothers of multiples were interviewed about their experience. Our study is justified by its importance and timeliness, including the benefits it can offer to the theme still in need of new theoretical contributions, especially about the psychological issues involved. For data analysis, the material was subdivided into categories and subcategories. By doing this the ambivalence experienced by these mothers before the paradox of an experience that exposes the contradiction between wanting to live and motherhood could be seen. For them, dealing with the "excesses" that this condition imposes the rigors of treatment, several attempts to get pregnant, miscarriages, and premature births - constitutes a "burden" too heavy to be supported, a permanent distress source and physical and emotional wear whose consequences still cannot be fully understood. The study also showed that there are other issues that eventually come to light from the conditions they faced when resorted to assisted reproduction. The experiment may have been exacerbated by the lack of care in various steps of the process. In addition, dealing with the problem of surplus embryos constituted an additional challenge, because it lacks specific legislation required for the discipline of this matter in our country. These issues, still little discussed in the literature, can stimulate the development of new studies.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-15T14:30:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Érica Eugênio Lourenço Gontijo - 2016.pdf: 2253704 bytes, checksum: db396485a7f8b5e9945a2d3be4fa771b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-15T15:27:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Érica Eugênio Lourenço Gontijo - 2016.pdf: 2253704 bytes, checksum: db396485a7f8b5e9945a2d3be4fa771b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T15:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Érica Eugênio Lourenço Gontijo - 2016.pdf: 2253704 bytes, checksum: db396485a7f8b5e9945a2d3be4fa771b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-23 / Outro / INTRODUCTION: The frequency of embryo production and successful pregnancy are the main parameters used to measure the quality of human reproduction laboratories. OBJECTIVE: We compared the success in the production and quality of embryos, success rate and factors related to pregnancy in LabRep/HC/UFG before deep adjustments estrututurais, when it was classified as conventional laboratory and after adequaçãos, when it began to be classified as an ISO 5/7 laboratory and factors related to the success of fertilization. METHOD: The study was divided into two parts. The first evaluated the embryo quality and the second risk factors capable of interfering with the success of pregnancy. information of 278 cycles of women were surveyed who submitted any Assisted Human Reproduction technique during the study period. In the first analysis were surveyed: cleavage of the embryo, the result of βHCG, embryo quality and microbiological contamination of the means of embryos crops. In the second, they evaluated the size of follicles per woman, amount of aspirated oocytes, raised, inseminated and injected, ovarian stimulation scheme, maternal infections, infertility period and sperm quality. The study design was a case control. Data were entered into Epi-Info 3.3.2 and analyzed in BioEstat 5.3 program. We evaluated the relationship between the groups and the factors and the success of pregnancy the odds ratio (OR) and chi-square test (p = 0.05). RESULTS: In the first analysis it was observed that the ISO 5/7 laboratory, there were successful in the formation of embryos and the conventional O , CI - 2: 0.24, p: 0.81). 5/7 96.6% ISO laboratory embryos were generated A or B, since the conventional laboratory, 90.4% were A or B. The pregnancy success in the laboratory I O was , and conventional laboratory O CI to 2: 2,24; p: 0.13). The second correlation was found with pregnancy failure female factors: having more than 40 years (OR 6.04, CI: 1.34 to 27.08; p: 0.010), higher infertility time 97 months (OR: 4.49, CI: 1.65 to 12, .21; p: 0.00) and have endometrial thickness of less than 10mm (OR: 5.42, CI: 2.44 to 12.05; p:0.001). The male factors with correlation were: oligozoospermia (OR:3,35; IC:1,41-7,92; p:0,010) e teratozoospermia (OR:4,14; IC:1,89-9,07; p:0,010).Microbiological contamination was found in 11.06% of semen samples. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistical difference between the results of the two laboratories, however we observed a trend of better quality embryos in ISO 5/7 laboratory. It was concluded that the patients attended the LabRep/HC/UFG, present a great heterogeneity of clinical profiles and different reproductive characteristics. It shows how a major challenge that encourages the ongoing investment in cutting edge technology and processes, as well as constant improvement of the multidisciplinary team that make up the lab. / INTRODUÇÃO: A frequência de produção de embriões e sucesso na gravidez são os principais parâmetros usados para verificar a qualidade de laboratórios de reprodução humana. OBJETIVO: Comparar o sucesso na produção e qualidade de embriões, taxa de sucesso e fatores relacionados a gravidez no LabRep/HC/UFG, antes de profundas adequações estrututurais, quando era classificado como laboratório convencional e após as adequaçãos, quando passou a ser classificado como um laboratório ISO 5/7 e os fatores relacionados ao sucesso da fertilização. MÉTODO: O desenho do estudo foi do tipo caso controle. Os dados foram inseridos no programa Epi-Info 3.3.2 ® e analisados no programa BioEstat 5.3 ®. Foram avaliadas a relação entre os grupos e dos fatores e o sucesso da gravidez pelo odds ratio (OR) e qui-quadrado (p=0,05). O estudo se deu no Laboratório de Reprodução Humana do HC/UFG Goiânia-Goiás. Foram pesquisadas informações de 278 ciclos de mulheres que submeteram a uer técnica de FIV, ICSI E IIU, como tratamento de Reprodução Humana Assistida no período do estudo. O trabalho foi dividido em três artigos para melhor compreensão dos resultados. No primeiro artigo realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre relação entre alterações bioquímicas, ambientais e microbiológicas e o sucesso da técnica de fertilização in vitro. O segundo artigo avaliou a qualidade embrionária e o terceiro, os fatores de risco com capacidade de interferir no sucesso da gestação. Na primeira análise foram pesquisadas: clivagem do embrião, resultado do βHCG, qualidade embrionária e a contaminação microbiológica dos meios de cultivos de embriões. Na segunda, foram avaliados o tamanho dos folículos por mulher, quantidade de oócitos aspirados, captados, inseminados e injetados, esquema de estimulação ovariana, infecções maternas, período de infertilidade e qualidade espermática. RESULTADOS: No primeiro trabalho científico onde comparou-se o sucesso na produção e qualidade de embriões, taxa de sucesso e contaminação microbiológica nos meios de cultura onde os embriões foram cultivados antes das adequações estrututurais, quando era classificado como laboratório convencional e após as adequaçãos, quando passou a ser classificado como um laboratório ISO 5/7, foi observado que no laboratório ISO 5/7, houve 74,1% de sucesso na formação de embriões e no convencional 67,8% (OR:1,30; IC:0,47-3,61; אּ2:0,24; p:0,81). No laboratório ISO 5/7 96,6% dos embriões gerados eram A ou B, já no laboratório convencional, 90,4% eram A ou B. O sucesso de gravidez no laboratório ISO 5/7 foi de 22,8% e no laboratório convencional de 36,2% (OR:1,9; IC: 0,81-4,52; אּ 2: 2,24; p: 0,13). No segundo trabalho científico onde avaliou-se os fatores relacionados a gravidez no LabRep/HC/UFG, foi encontrado correlação do insucesso de gravidez com os fatores femininos: ter mais de 40 anos (OR: 6,04; IC: 1,34-27,08; p:0,010), tempo de infertilidade superior a 97 meses (OR: 4,49; IC: 1,65-12,.21; p:0,001) e possuir endométrio com espessura inferior a 10mm (OR: 5,42; IC: 2,44-12,05; p:0,001). Os fatores masculinos com correlação foram: oligozoospermia (OR: 3,35; IC: 1,41-7,92; p:0,010), teratozoospermia (OR: 4,14; IC: 1,89-9,07; p:0,010). Foi encontrado contaminação microbiológica em 6.11% das amostras de sêmen. CONCLUSÕES: No primeiro trabalho científico foi possível concluir que não houve diferença estatística entre os resultados dos entre os dois laboratórios. No segundo trabalho científico concluiu-se que os fatores relacionados ao insucesso do tratamento de reprodução assistida encontrados foram: idade superior a 40 anos, tempo de infertilidade superior a 96 meses e espessura endometrial inferior a 10mm e presença de sêmen de baixa qualidade.

Notre travail s’inscrit dans le champ de la didactique de la Biologie en général et celui de la reproduction humaine en particulier. Nous nous intéressons spécialement à une « tentative » d’autonomisation des apprenants - plus exactement des élèves - tunisiens en classe de terminale scientifique par le biais de l’autocorrection/auto-évaluation dans l’apprentissage de la reproduction humaine et l’éducation à la sexualité. Le choix de notre sujet de recherche plonge ses racines dans les méthodes et procédés utilisés dans les apprentissages scolaires en rapport avec l’appartenance des apprenants, tout comme les enseignants, à une société arabo-musulmane, où, parler de reproduction reviendrait à parler de sexualité qui est un terme « sale », « vulgaire », « honteux » et l’évoquer pourrait bien être contre la morale, donc une attaque à la pudeur. Mais, cette conception qui empêcherait les élèves, jeunes adolescents, de parler ouvertement de sexualité et de reproduction, est-elle d’ordre religieux ? Ou qu’elle n’est qu’une construction sociale ? La pratique religieuse fait-elle obstacle à l’évocation des questions se rapportant à la sexualité dans la mesure où celle-ci n’est aucunement abordée au sein des familles où les parents sont musulmans pratiquants ? L’Islam comme religion incitant à la pudeur et la chasteté, fait-il de la sexualité un tabou ? Grace à des questionnaires nous avons tenté d’apporter de l’éclairage à tous ces questionnements. De par notre ancienne expérience professionnelle d’enseignante de Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, nous avons remarqué chez les apprenants une réticence manifeste, qui s’exprime par un manque, voire une absence de participation lors de la construction des savoirs allant jusqu’à s’abstenir de poser des questions. Rien qu’un silence assourdissant qui règne dans la salle de classe lors de l’apprentissage de la reproduction humaine. Nous entendions une voix muette mais opprimée me disant : « Allez, faites vite ! Et pourvu de ça finisse ! ». Cette passivité jouait, éventuellement en faveur d’un paradigme éducatif purement transmissif. Notre idée première était de contraindre, d’une manière ou d’une autre, les apprenants à communiquer entre eux autour de ce thème « problématique » qu’est la reproduction humaine. Cette initiative était aussi bien dans le but de tenter de briser des obstacles éventuels qui pourraient s’interposer d’une part entre les apprenants des deux sexes et l’enseignant et, d’autre part, entre les apprenants et le savoir, que de laisser aux apprenants l’occasion de corriger eux-mêmes leurs propres erreurs, peut-être ne les reprennent-ils plus. Tant de questionnements nous sont venus à l’esprit : bien que non habitués aux pratiques autocorrectives/auto-évaluatives, les élèves tunisiens sont-ils en mesure de porter des jugements corrects à leurs propres travaux ? Si, travaillant en petits groupes dans l’élaboration d’un cours en vue de co-construire un savoir, seront-ils plus performants dans leurs auto-évaluations quant à ce même savoir ? Autocorrection et auto-évaluation, seraient-elles synonymes de remédiation efficace d’erreurs ? Notre expérimentation a porté sur 71 élèves de trois classes de terminale scientifique que nous avons mixées et répartis en trois groupes présentant la même répartition des moyennes en SVT en classe de troisième (niveau précédent). Ces trois groupes étaient : - « A.Auto » et noté « AA » formés des élèves ayant participé à la construction du cours et se sont auto-corrigés et auto-évalués suite à un test préliminaire; - « B.Auto » et noté « BA » composés des élèves ayant reçu un cours magistral, mais se sont auto-corrigés et auto-évalués par suite du même test préliminaire; - « Trad » et noté « T » cet échantillon correspond aux élèves qui ont reçu un cours et une correction traditionnels, comme habituellement. ... / This work falls within the field of Biology didactics in general and that of human reproduction more particularly. We are more specifically interested in a learners’ empowerment attempt that is more precisely related to Tunisian final year science students through self-correction/self-evaluation in the learning of human reproduction and sex education. The choice of our research topic is rooted in the methods and processes used in school learning in connection with learners’ as well as teachers’ belonging to a Muslim Arab society, where, speaking about reproduction would be to talk about sexuality which is a “dirty”, “vulgar”, “shameful” word. If just mentioned, it might be against morality, so an attack against decency. But is this design -that prevents students, young teenagers, to talk openly about sexuality and reproduction- religious? Or is it just a social construct? Is religious practice an obstacle when it comes to issues related to sexuality that there is no way to raise them in families where parents are practicing Muslims? Does Islam as a religion inciting to modesty and chastity, consider sex a taboo? Thanks to some questionnaires we tried to highlight all of these questions.From our old professional experience as a teacher of Life and Earth Sciences, we noticed in learners an obvious reluctance, expressed by a lack of participation in the construction of knowledge and even beyond that to refrain from asking questions. Nothing heard in the classroom but a deafening silence when it comes to learning human reproduction. We heard a silent but oppressed voice saying “Come on, hurry up! And provided it to end!”. This passivity was playing, possibly for a purely transmissive educational paradigm. Our main focus was to force learners, one way or another, to communicate with each other around the "problematic" theme; human reproduction. This initiative was rather designed to try to break any obstacles that might interpose, in the one hand, between students of both sexes and teachers and in the other, between learners and knowledge, than to give learners the opportunity to self-correct their own mistakes, which, perhaps, they would never make again. So many questions came to our mind: although not accustomed to self-correcting/ self-evaluative practice, are Tunisian students able to provide correct judgments of their own work? If they work in small groups in the development of a course to co-construct knowledge, will they perform better in their self-assessments related to that particular knowledge? Would self-correction and self-assessment be synonyms to effective remediation of errors?Our testing focused on 71 students from three final year science classes we have mixed and divided into three groups with the same distribution of averages SVT third class (the previous level). These three groups were:- "A.Auto" and rated "AA" trained students who participated in the construction of the course and have self-corrected and self-assessed following a preliminary test;- "B.Auto" and noted "BA" composed of students who received a lecture, but have self-corrected and self-assessed following the same preliminary test;- "Trad" and rated "T" This sample corresponds to students who received a traditional course and a correction, as usual....

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:29:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 celia_maria_souto_maior_souza_fonseca.pdf: 5942456 bytes, checksum: 706d7a295671ef1a66efb629bee23f66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-01 / Accounting for the responsibilities assigned to the new place reserved for the contemporary woman, who has often chosen to delay her motherhood project for later; when, finally, she decides to have children, her body no longer responds satisfactorily, forcing her, most of the time, to seek help by means of reproductive technologies. These, by the available resources and new procedures that add to the life span of women, have promoted a revolution in what is most ancient in human experience: the conception and motherhood. Face treatment, pregnancy and the giving birth to multiple babies have resulted in great challenges for the woman. This research is a qualitative study based on clinical psychology, in which the concepts of Winnicott s theory have been adopted. The condition of women seeking assisted reproduction which has resulted in them becoming mothers of multiple babies as well as trying to understand how to deal with such a condition has been researched. To accomplish this, three mothers of multiples were interviewed about their experience. Our study is justified by its importance and timeliness, including the benefits it can offer to the theme still in need of new theoretical contributions, especially about the psychological issues involved. For data analysis, the material was subdivided into categories and subcategories. By doing this the ambivalence experienced by these mothers before the paradox of an experience that exposes the contradiction between wanting to live and motherhood could be seen. For them, dealing with the "excesses" that this condition imposes the rigors of treatment, several attempts to get pregnant, miscarriages, and premature births - constitutes a "burden" too heavy to be supported, a permanent distress source and physical and emotional wear whose consequences still cannot be fully understood. The study also showed that there are other issues that eventually come to light from the conditions they faced when resorted to assisted reproduction. The experiment may have been exacerbated by the lack of care in various steps of the process. In addition, dealing with the problem of surplus embryos constituted an additional challenge, because it lacks specific legislation required for the discipline of this matter in our country. These issues, still little discussed in the literature, can stimulate the development of new studies. / Para dar conta das responsabilidades atribuídas ao novo lugar reservado à mulher contemporânea, ela tem optado, com frequência, por adiar o projeto da maternidade para mais tarde; quando, enfim, resolve concretizá-lo, o seu corpo já não responde satisfatoriamente, obrigando-a, na maioria das vezes, a recorrer às tecnologias de reprodução. Estas, pelos recursos disponíveis e pelos novos procedimentos que acrescentam à vida da mulher, têm promovido verdadeira revolução naquilo que há de mais antigo na experiência humana: a concepção e a maternidade. Enfrentar o tratamento, a gravidez e o nascimento de bebês múltiplos tem-se constituído grande desafio para essa mulher. Nesta investigação - um estudo qualitativo situado no âmbito da psicologia clínica, no qual adotamos conceitos da teoria winnicottiana - pesquisamos a condição de mulheres que buscaram a reprodução assistida e se tornaram mães de bebês múltiplos, bem como procuramos compreender como lidam com tal condição. Para tanto, por meio de entrevista narrativa, ouvimos três mães de múltiplos acerca de sua experiência. Nosso estudo se justifica por sua importância e atualidade, inclusive pelo que pode oferecer de subsídios à temática ainda carente de novas contribuições teóricas, especialmente quanto às questões psicológicas nele implicadas. Para a análise dos dados, subdividimos o material em categorias e subcategorias. Daí pudemos constatar a ambivalência vivida por aquelas mães diante do paradoxo de uma experiência que expõe a contradição entre desejar e viver a maternidade. Para elas, lidar com os excessos que tal condição impõe rigores do tratamento, várias tentativas para engravidar, abortos sofridos, filhos prematuros constituiu-se um fardo pesado demais a ser suportado, fonte de angústia permanente e de desgastes físico e emocional, cujos desdobramentos ainda não se pode dimensionar. O estudo evidenciou, também, a existência de outras questões que acabaram por repercutir nas condições por elas enfrentadas quando recorreram à reprodução assistida. A experiência pode ter sido exacerbada pela falta de acolhimento nas várias etapas do processo. Além disso, lidar com o problema dos embriões excedentes se constituiu um desafio a mais, por se tratar de temática carente de legislação específica, necessária ao disciplinamento da matéria em nosso país. Que essas questões, ainda pouco discutidas pela literatura, possam estimular o desenvolvimento de novos estudos.

Chan Siu Lan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-181). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / Chinese Abstract (摘要) --- p.v / Acknowledgements --- p.viii / Publications --- p.x / Table of contents --- p.xii / List of Figures --- p.xvi / List of Table and Diagram --- p.xx / Abbreviations --- p.xxi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Major objectives and long-term significance --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Biological significance of apoptosis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Importance of apoptosis in the study of the female reproductive system --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Specific aims of the present project --- p.3 / Chapter 1.5 --- Experimental approaches --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- General experimental methods --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Culture of cells --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Culture of rabbit immortalized uterine epithelial cells --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Culture of primary mouse uterine epithelial cells --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Culture of human ovarian epithelial cancer cells --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Assessment of apoptotic DNA fragmentation --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- DNA extraction --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Assessment of apoptotic DNA --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Assessment of apoptotic DNA by CE-LIF --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- Assessment of apoptosis by Nuclear Hoechst 33248 Staining / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Assessement of protein content --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Protein extraction and western blot analysis --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Adenoviral infection of A2780s cells --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Preparation of solutions --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Animals and cell lines --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Literature Review / Chapter 3.1 --- Morphological analysis of physiological cell death --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Characteristics of apoptosis --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methods of detecting apoptosis --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Molecules controlling apoptosis --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Caspases --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- The Bcl-2 family proteins --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- Apoptosis signalling --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- The death receptor-dependent pathway --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- The mitochondria-dependent pathway --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- The endoplasmic-reticulum-dependent pathway --- p.39 / Chapter 3.5 --- Importance of apoptosis in the female reproductive system --- p.40 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Apoptosis in uterus epithelial cells --- p.40 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells --- p.42 / Chapter 3.6 --- Regulation of apoptosis by nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G --- p.44 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Regulation of apoptosis by nitric oxide --- p.44 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Regulation of apoptosis by cGMP --- p.48 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Regulation of apoptosis by soluble guanyly cyclase activator --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- "Apoptotic DNA fragmentation caused by sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, in uterine epithelial cells: ultrasensitive quantitation using the new capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) technology" / Chapter 4.1 --- Abstract --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Introduction --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5 --- Figures of Chapter 4 --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Guanylyl-cyclase inhibitors NS2028 and ODQ and protein-kinase-G inhibitor KT5823 trigger apoptotic DNA fragmentation in an immortalized uterine epithelial cell line: anti-apoptotic effects of basal cGMP/PKG / Chapter 5.1 --- Abstract --- p.74 / Chapter 5.2 --- Introduction --- p.75 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.80 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.83 / Chapter 5.5 --- Figures of Chapter 5 --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- "Direct, prolonged activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by YC-1 or protein kinase G by cGMP analogs enhances the level of apoptosis in an immortalized uterine epithelial cell line, HRE-H9 cells" / Chapter 6.1 --- Abstract --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2 --- Introduction --- p.101 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.105 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.107 / Chapter 6.5 --- Figures of Chapter 6 --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- "ODQ，an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, down-regulates XIAP expression and induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells" / Chapter 7.1 --- Abstract --- p.124 / Chapter 7.2 --- Introduction --- p.125 / Chapter 7.3 --- Results --- p.129 / Chapter 7.4 --- Discussion --- p.132 / Chapter 7.5 --- Figures of Chapter 7 --- p.138 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Overall Conclusion --- p.145 / Chapter Chapter 9: --- References --- p.149

The advent of ARTs has enabled many individuals to have children and build families. Although ARTs have from the start been designated to serve as alternative way for heterosexual infertile individuals and couples to have genetically related children, ARTs are nowadays widely used by gays and lesbians to have even genetically unrelated children and build their families. This study addresses the well-being of children born as a result of ARTs and growing up in homosexual families in South Africa. South Africa has legalised homosexual unions, granting gays and lesbians several rights, including the right to marry, use ARTs to reproduce, and build families in which they raise their children. South Africa has also provided constitutional and statutory protection of children’s rights and has further required that the child’s best interests be considered as paramount in every matter concerning the child. Although ARTs may have allowed people to have children, they have proven to put the child’s interests at risk. ARTs are associated with several physical and psychological problems for resulting children. The legal protection provided for those children seems to be inadequate in respect of their best interests. Unlike Australian statutes that have provided strong protection for the child’s best interests, South African legislations regulating ARTs are far from protecting ART-born children’s interests. The application of the child’s best interests criterion to ART procedures has revealed that in the USA and Australia efforts of the state, ART providers and parents have been centred on the transfer of the custody of the ART-born child to the commissioning parent(s). Although in South Africa the application of the child’s best interests in the context of surrogacy procedures has revealed the protection of the child’s interests, it should be noted that that protection seems to focus on the child’s post-birth period. This situation leaves ART-born children without any protection, especially before their birth. In order to give effect to section 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and protect ART-born children’s interests, I make certain proposals for law reform in the final chapter of this thesis. / Private Law / LL. D