Previous work on innovation performance has focused on either organization or individual-level analysis. The current study is the first that we are aware of in which multilevel theory and method were applied to innovation behavior and innovation performance. This multilevel study of 100 managers, 512 R&D teams of employees from 38 R&D companies demonstrated that both individual-and team-level factors were significantly associated with innovation behavior: Balanced psychological contract fulfillment explained within-team variance, and innovation climate explained between-team variance. Further, employee innovation behavior aggregated to the team level explained between-team variance in innovation performance. This paper also explores the impact of the RBV on the theoretical and empirical development of SHRM and innovation climate. This study is to introduce Intellectual capital as a mediating construct between knowledge human resource management (KHRM) systems and knowledge create. This study provides consistent support for the notion that KHRM systems are fundamental in the development of intellectual capital. This study also found intellectual capital to be associated with increased knowledge creation and innovation performance. With regard to intellectual capital¡¦s mediating role in the HR-performance linkage, this study provides both managers and academics with a more fine-grained analysis of how to target HR investments that build intellectual capital, which, in turn, drive team innovation performance. The results contribute to knowledge on the resource-based view of the firm and the importance of multilevel theory.

在當前快速變遷與高度不確定性環境下，政府施政環境日益複雜，面對社會大眾多元化之強烈需求，如何提升政府機關工作績效，同時加強台灣國際競爭力，以滿足社會及民眾的需求，是當前政府的一項重大挑戰。有鑑於國際人力資源管理之研究眾多，但都未能探討國際人力資源管理的所有功能，且對各項功能間之關係亦未探討，同時缺乏有系統的研究，實證研究也不多見。我國中央政府機關依功能、任務不同，分別派有駐外人員，有關政府機關駐外人員人力資源管理制度之文獻及研究並不多。筆者工作上有機會接觸各駐外單位，因此將針對政府機關，探討甄選、教有訓練、激勵等決定因素，對駐外人員海外適應與工作績效之主要作用和交互作用影響，使理論及實務更完備，期利用政府機關人力資源管理制度，以提升駐外人員海外適應與工作績效。 本研究以問卷調查的方式進行，共發出問卷193份，回收175份問卷，回收率為90.67%。透過敘述性統計、因素分析、集群分析、相關分析與迴歸分析等數量方法，以實證資料來分析政府機關駐外人員的甄選、教育訓練與激勵差異性，探討其對駐外人員海外適應的影響，並進一步瞭解與工作績效的關係。本研究結果顯示如下： 一、「符合駐外任務所需工作能力的甄選」與「符合駐外任務所需基本條件的甄選」對「海外適應」並無顯著的正向影響。 二、「符合駐外任務所需工作能力的甄選」與「工作績效」有顯著正相關。 三、「符合駐外任務所需工作面的教育訓練」與「符合駐外任務所需語言面的教育訓練」對「海外適應」皆產生顯著的正向影響。 四、「符合駐外任務所需工作面的教育訓練」與「符合駐外任務所需語言面的教育訓練」對「工作績效」無顯著正相關。 五、「符合駐外任務所需財務性的激勵制度」與「符合駐外任務所需非財務性的激勵制度」對「海外適應」並無顯著正向影響。 六、「符合駐外任務所需財務性的激勵制度」對「工作績效」有顯著正向影響。 七、「符合駐外任務所需工作面的海外適應」對「工作績效」有顯著正向影響。 八、「高度整合駐外人員人力資源管理制度」對「海外適應」及「工作績效」均有顯著正向影響。 管理涵意則為政府機關駐外人員若要有高度工作績效，除了國際人力資源管理制度的考量之外，還需要其他構面如海外適應等加以配合，才能充分發揮實施效益。本研究的發現可提供政府機關在未來擬定駐外人員人力資源管理制度時之策略參考。 / In a fast-changing and highly uncertain environment, the government is facing pluralistic claims of the public. How to promote the work performance of government, enhance the international competitive edge of Taiwan, and cater to the demands of society and the populace are the important challenges for the current government. Although there is much research and literature on international human resource management (IHRM), none of it studies all functions oflHRM the relationships among functions in systematic or experimental research. For the time being, the government's ministries and associations dispatch expatriates respectively by the different functions and missions. But the literature and research do less to study international human resource management system(IHRMS) of the government's expatriates. I have the opportunity to work and contact the other ministries' and associations' expatriates; hence, I will focus on government organization and explore how the decisive factors which are selection, education and training and motivation, impinge on the major function and the interplay of overseas adaptation and work performance of expatriates. By means oflHRMS of the government, thesis will complete the theory and the practice as well as promote overseas adaptation and work performance. The research uses a questionnaire to survey. For the 175 received questionnaires of 193 issued, the received rate is 90.67%, To analyze the differences and explore the influences on overseas adaptation and work performance among selection, education and training and motivation of the government's expatriates, the research uses some quantitative measures such as descriptive statistics, factor, cluster, correlation and regression analyses. The major findings are: (l)Both "work-capability selection of the corresponding overseas mission" and "basic-conditions selection of the corresponding overseas mission" do not have a significant positive influence on "overseas adaptation." (2)"work-capability selection of the corresponding overseas mission" has a significant positive correlation "work performance." (3)"the job education and training of the corresponding overseas mission" and "the language education and training ot ine corresponding overseas mission" have a significant positive influence on "overseas adaptation." (4)"Thejob education and training of the corresponding overseas mission" and "the language education and training of the corresponding overseas mission" do not have a significant positive correlation on "work performance." (5)"The financial motivation system of the corresponding overseas mission" and "the non-financial motivation system of the corresponding overseas mission" do not have a significant positive influence on "overseas adaptation." (6)"The financial motivation system of the corresponding overseas mission" has a significant positive influence on "work performance." (7)"0verseas work adaptation" has a significant positive influence on "work performance." (8)"Highly integrated IHRMS of expatriates" has a significant positive influence on both "overseas adaptation" and "work performance." The managerial meaning is that if the government would like to have high work performance of expatriates, it needs to consider not only IHRMS, but overseas adaptation, etc. The results of the research can provide the government the strategic reference of planning HRMS of expatriates in the future.

海外派遣，一直存在高失敗率與高離職率的問題，並對企業的營運成本與員工的職業生涯及家庭生活上，造成相當大的衝擊上的衝擊與影響。然而，根據過去的研究文獻，大部分的學者致力於海外派遣制度層面之研究，鮮少對於海外派遣人員之工作態度，從事有系統的研究調查。因此，本研究的目的係為瞭解台商對外直接投資動機、海外派遣制度，及外派人員個人屬性差異，對海外派遣人員工作態度之影響，並驗證海外派遣人員工作態度與海外工作績效之間的相關性。期望本研究之結果，能使企業能更效協助並解決員工海外派遣可能面臨的問題；並同，透過本研究的觀察，瞭解企業多國籍化過程中，探討對勞資關係可能的發展與影響。 本研究的研究樣本特徵，係製造業中，目前任職企業在海外（含大陸）投資設廠或設立分公司、子公司，並曾被派遣至海外工作，且任期超過三個月以上的人員。 本研究調查，獲得59家目前正在進行對外直接投資的台商公司承諾協助，經發出200份問卷，回收有效問卷47份，有效回收率為23.5%，隨後，並進一步完成三個個人深度訪談。 本研究獲得下列數數結論： 一、整體而言，台商對外直接投資動機型態，對於海外派遣制度型態與海外派遣人員的工作態度並無顯著影響。而研究發現，台商由於受到對外投資地區集中於大陸及東南亞，策略選擇差異較小，或本身尚在國際化的初期階段所致，制度經驗與能力的不成熟造成其海外派遣制度的同質性高。 二、台商的海外派遣制度型態，雖然對於海外派遣人員的工作態度無顯影響。但是，海外派遣個別制度上的差異，如遴選政策、有無簽訂海外派遣契約、公司對單身赴任不同的主張、薪酬與福利的項目、海外派遣相關訓練的項目、回任辦法，以及在公司海外營運擔任的角色，確會對海外派遣人員之海外工作動機、組織承諾、海外工作承諾，與海外派遣滿足感構成不同程度的影響。 三、台商的海外派遣人員對於公司的認同與留職傾向，顯著高於對海外工作的認同與留職傾向；但是，在努力意願上卻是對於海外工作顯著高於對公司的努力意願。可能的解釋是來自員工多視海外工作為一跳板，特別是在海外工作期間，個人的職權擴大的與上司間關係緊密的情形下，希望努力爭取表現，便於獲得回國升遷的機會。 四、海外派遣人員的工作態度方面，包括海外工作動機、組織承諾、海外工作承諾，及海外派遣滿足感，皆與其海外工作績效呈顯著正相關。 五、企業國際化的趨勢下，工會力量將難與之抗衡，但人員的異動卻將更加頻繁，為使海外派遣人員的工作權益受到保障，應透過海外派遣關係的定義，將勞資雙方間應有的權利義務明確化。