Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-15T12:47:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Manuela Aparecida Soares.pdf: 917821 bytes, checksum: a5d4e0a3d8d5e84adefeb66920a1e555 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T12:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Manuela Aparecida Soares.pdf: 917821 bytes, checksum: a5d4e0a3d8d5e84adefeb66920a1e555 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-04 / The Reorientation Program for Vocational Training in Health (Pro-Health) was established by the Ministry of Health, through the Secretary of Labor Management and Health Education (SGTES), in partnership with the Department of Higher Education (SESU), with the National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Teixeira (INEP), Ministry of Education and with support from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). It was created to stimulate the process of reorientation training of undergraduate health care, aiming to provide skilled professionals to meet the needs of the population and the operationalization of the SUS. In this work we use as the research object the Pro-Health, aiming at analyzing the theoretical and methodological assumptions that support the two axes Program - Theoretical and Pedagogical Guidance. This is an exploratory and descriptive that had as a primary source, documents prepared and published by official bodies linked to the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education. For the construction of theoretical mark was production used theoretics critique of two fields of knowledge: education and health. In health, we seek a benchmark for understanding the disease process health, an of the constituent elements of Orientation Theoric Axis. Already the field of education contributed with referential for understanding and analyzing Pedagogical Orientation axis, which focuses on the methodological aspects of the learning process. The benchmark was based health studies Asa Cristina Laurell and Jaime Breilh. These show the health illness as social determinants. Regarding the education sector were adopted theoretical constructions of Dermeval Saviani (Historical Critical Pedagogy) and Newton Duarte (critical constructivism) to perform the analyzes for the teaching-learning process. Also in this field Edilson Moreira de Oliveira, José Luís Vieira de Andrade and Maria Eliza Brefere Arnoni contributed theoretical contributions to the analysis of the theme of questioning in teaching-learning process. The results of the study are presented in three chapters. The first chapter takes place on a track the training of workers in the health field. In the second, there are explicit the historical background and the conformation of the National Reorientation of Vocational Training in Health (Pro-Health) and in the third chapter, we present the analyzes about the theoretical and methodological foundations of the two axes of the Pro- Health objects of this research. Among the findings highlight the adoption of the Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization (WHO) as a reference for explaining the disease process, and constructivism as current theory and method of teaching and learning that supports the pedagogical axis Program. / O Programa de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde (Pró-Saúde) foi instituído pelo Ministério da Saúde, por meio da Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde (SGTES), em parceria com a Secretaria de Educação Superior (SESU), com o Instituo Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), do Ministério da Educação e com o apoio da Organização Panamericana de Saúde (OPAS). Foi criado para estimular a reorientação do processo de formação dos cursos de graduação da área da saúde, com vistas a oferecer profissionais habilitados para responder às necessidades da população brasileira e à operacionalização do SUS. Neste trabalho tomou-se como objeto de investigação o Pró-Saúde, tendo como objetivo geral analisar os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos que dão sustentação a dois eixos do Programa - Orientação Teórica e Orientação Pedagógica. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, que teve como fonte primária documentos elaborados e publicados por órgãos oficiais vinculados ao Ministério da Saúde e Ministério da Educação. Para a construção do marco teórico serviu-se de produção teórica crítica de dois campos do conhecimento: a educação e a saúde. No campo da saúde, buscou-se um referencial para o entendimento do processo saúde-doença, um dos elementos constitutivos do Eixo Orientação Teórica. Já o campo da educação contribuiu com referencial para a compreensão e análise do eixo Orientação Pedagógica, que foca os aspectos metodológicos do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Para a construção do referencial do campo da saúde utilizou-se dos estudos de Asa Cristina Laurell e Jaime Breilh, que tratam do processo saúde-doença como determinação social. Em relação à área educacional adotaram-se as construções teóricas de Dermeval Saviani (Pedagogia Histórico Crítica) e Newton Duarte (crítica ao construtivismo) para realizar as análises referentes ao processo ensino-aprendizagem. Ainda neste campo Edilson Moreira de Oliveira, José Luís Vieira de Andrade e Maria Eliza Brefere Arnoni contribuíram com aportes teóricos para a análise da temática da problematização no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Os resultados do estudo são apresentados em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo realiza-se um histórico sobre a formação dos trabalhadores da área da saúde. No segundo, explicitam-se os antecedentes históricos e a conformação do Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde (Pró-Saúde) e, no terceiro capítulo, apresentam-se as análises realizadas acerca dos fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos dos dois eixos do Pró-Saúde objetos da presente pesquisa. Entre os achados destaca-se a adoção dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde, da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), como referencial de explicação para o processo saúde-doença, e o construtivismo como corrente teórica e método de ensino-aprendizagem que fundamenta o eixo pedagógico do Programa.

Introdução: Conhecer e medir a carga de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde pode contribuir para a gestão eficiente e eficaz das organizações de saúde, a carga de trabalho excessiva é a principal causa de estresse e insatisfação. Objetivo: Levantar e analisar as dissertações e teses referentes à distribuição da carga de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde, fundamentadas na Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem, desenvolvidas por participantes do grupo de pesquisa Gerenciamento de recursos humanos: conceitos, instrumentos e indicadores do processo de dimensionamento de pessoal, cadastrado no diretório do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Método: Estudo secundário tipo documental para identificar os instrumentos produzidos para medir a carga de trabalho, as intervenções/atividades realizadas, bem como a probabilidade de ocorrência e o percentual do tempo produtivo na jornada de trabalhadores profissionais de saúde. As fontes de dados foram dissertações e teses desenvolvidas pelos participantes do grupo de pesquisa disponíveis no banco de TESES-USP e DEDALUS. Resultados: Foram selecionados dezessete estudos nos quais foram construídos dezessete instrumentos de medida da carga de trabalho para profissionais de saúde sendo: 11,7% enfermeiros, 76,5% enfermeiros e técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem, 5,9% assistente técnico administrativo e 5,9% nutricionista clínico. Os instrumentos foram aplicados nas unidades de alojamento conjunto, ambulatório de especialidades de oncologia e hematologia, centro cirúrgico de oncologia, centro de diagnóstico por imagem, clínica cirúrgica, clínica médica, emergência, serviço de nutrição, sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, unidade de internação pediátrica, unidades de terapias intensivas: adulto, pediátrica e neonatal; unidade de saúde da família. Os instrumentos apresentaram 192 intervenções de cuidado direto, 75 com frequência 1% e 80 intervenções de cuidado indireto, 39 com frequência 1%. As intervenções com maior frequência, no conjunto das unidades, foram Documentação, Administração de medicamentos, Passagem de plantão. O tempo produtivo dos profissionais na jornada ficou distribuído entre intervenções de cuidado direto e indireto e atividades associadas ao trabalho. Conclusões: Os instrumentos elaborados e aplicados evidenciaram as intervenções/atividades essenciais em cada unidade estudada e por categoria profissional que mais contribuem na medida da carga de trabalho e no tempo produtivo, mostrando ser importante estratégia gerencial para reorganizar os processos de trabalho. / Introduction: Knowing and measuring the workload of health professionals can contribute to the efficient and effective management of health organizations; excessive workload is the main cause of stress and dissatisfaction. Objectives: Analyze the dissertations and theses related to the distribution of the workload of health professionals, based on the Classification of Nursing Interventions, developed by participants of the research group \"Human resources management: concepts, instruments and indicators of the nursing staff process registered in the directory of the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Methods: Documentary study secondary type to identify the instruments produced to measure the workload, was performed, the interventions / activities performed, the interventions / activities performed, as well as the probability of occurrence and the percentage of productive time in the workday of health professionals. The data sources were dissertations and theses, developed by the research group participants available at the thesis base USP and DEDALUS. Results: Were selected seventeen studies were carried out in which 17 workload measurement instruments were constructed for health professionals: 11.7% nurses, 76.5% nurses and technicians/Nursing assistants, 5.9% administrative assistant and 5, 9% clinical nutritionist. They were applied in pediatric areas, medical clinic, surgical clinic, emergency, rooming-in, surgical center, units of intensive therapies: adult, pediatric and neonatal, oncology and hematology outpatient clinic, diagnostic imaging center; family health unit and nutrition service. The instruments presented 192 direct care interventions, 75 with 1% frequency and 80 indirect care interventions, 39 with frequency 1%. The most frequent interventions, in the units as a whole, were Documentation, Medication Administration, Shift work. The productive time of the professionals on the journey was distributed between direct and indirect care interventions and work-related activities. Conclusions: The instruments elaborated and applied showed the essential interventions / activities in each unit studied and by professional category that contribute the most to the work load and productive time, showing that it is an important managerial strategy to reorganize work processes.

O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) avançou muito desde o seu surgimento, entretanto, ainda existem muitos desafios que precisam ser superados. Entre eles, encontram-se a qualificação e a formação dos profissionais de saúde. Os cursos de graduação em saúde têm privilegiado uma formação tecnicista e fragmentada, incapaz de formar a força de trabalho necessária à resolução dos problemas de saúde da população brasileira. Neste sentido, há necessidade de desenvolver instrumentos direcionados ao incentivo de mudanças curriculares no ensino superior em saúde, tendo como um dos eixos a interação com os serviços de saúde. Cita-se, nesse contexto, o Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde). A presente investigação se propôs a avaliar o PET-Saúde instituído na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), campus Capital. Os sujeitos do estudo foram tutores, preceptores e alunos de odontologia que integraram o Programa em algum momento da sua existência. Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo a coleta de dados realizada com o auxílio das técnicas Delphi e de Grupo Focal. O tratamento do material coletado foi orientado pela análise de conteúdo. Os dados levantados evidenciaram que, apesar das mudanças já implementadas, o modelo formador em odontologia apresenta fragilidades no sentido de atender completamente as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN), visto que é persistente a tendência tecnicista, biologicista e fragmentada. Os sujeitos reforçaram que a aproximação dos estudantes com os cenários de prática é capaz de auxiliar no processo formativo de alunos e na qualificação de profissionais inseridos nos serviços e professores dos cursos de graduação em saúde. Além disso, o PET-Saúde proporciona a ampliação do olhar do estudante em direção ao processo saúde/doença e o despertar para atuação futura no âmbito do SUS. A imersão no Programa foi responsabilizada pela quebra de pré-conceitos e pela consequente compreensão da organização da Atenção Primária e do trabalho desenvolvido no setor. Uma das vantagens apontadas pelos moldes de interação ensino-serviço do PET-Saúde consiste no estabelecimento da interdisciplinaridade no processo formador o que, dentre outras características, o conforma como um modelo de interação ensino-serviço mais próximo do ideal almejado. Como principais limites foram apontados a incompatibilidade de horários entre os protagonistas do programa, a distância dos cenários de prática em relação às unidades de ensino, além da ausência de diretrizes operacionais claras e da heterogeneidade de organização das atividades pelas unidades de saúde. Os resultados do estudo traduzem o PET-Saúde como um poderoso instrumento de indução de mudanças na concepção dos profissionais de saúde, contribuindo para uma formação condizente com as necessidades do SUS. / The Unified Health System of Brazil has advanced greatly since itsestablishment, but there are many challenges that need be overcome. Among them are the qualification and the education of health workers. Health courses have privileged a technicist and fragmented education, that is unable to create the workforce needed to solve the health problems of the Brazilian population. So there is a need to create instruments directed to the encouragement of curriculum changes in the higher health education , based on the interaction with health services. In this context, the Education Program of Work for Health is pointed out. The research evaluated the Education Program of Work for Health established at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The study subjects were dental students, preceptors and tutors in the program. A qualitative approach was used and data collected using the Delphi technique and focus group. The material obtained was treated by Bardin analysis of content . Data collected evidenced that despite changes already implemented, dentistry education model presents fragilities onfully meeting the National Curriculum Guidelines since much students keep the technicist, fragmented and biologicist tendency. The subjects reinforcedthat students approximation with practice scenarios is able to assist in the formation process of students and qualification of professionals inserted in services and of health courses professors. Moreover, the Education Program of Work for Health provides a wider view from students toward the health/disease process and also an awakening for later operating in the Unified Health System. The immersion in the program was responsible for breaking preconceptions and for the consequent understanding of the organization of Primary Care and of work in the sector. One of the advantages pointed by the model of interaction between teaching and service by the Education Program of Work for Health is the establishment of interdisciplinarity in the formation process that, among others characteristics, conforms it as a model of interaction between teaching and service closest to the desired ideal. The incompatibility of schedules between the protagonists of the program, the distance of the practice scenarios in relation to teaching units besides the absence of clear operational guidelines and diverse organization of activities by health units were pointed as the main limitations. The study results reflect the Education Program of Work for Health as a powerful tool to induce changes in the conception of health professionals, contributing to an education consistent with the needs of the Unified Health System.

Magister Public Health - MPH / In 2007, at its 52nd Conference in Polokwane, the African National Congress (ANC) called for the implementation of a National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme. The announcement resulted in much debate, with critics voicing concerns about the state of the public health system, lack of consultation and the expense of a NHI scheme. However, little attention has been paid to the human resource (HR) needs, despite the fact that 57% of recurrent expenditure on health1 is on HR. This research aimed to identify the HR requirements to support the implementation of an effective and equitable health system funded by a NHI in South Africa. An overview of the current burden of disease and distribution of HR is provided. Through interviewing key stakeholders the study attempted to elicit information about factors which will hamper or assist in developing such a health system, specifically looking at the HR situation and needs. The research explores HR odels and proposes key HR requirements for implementation of a health system funded by a NHI in South Africa, including skills mix and projected numbers of health workers and proposes ways to improve the deficient HR situation. Exploratory qualitative research methods were used comprising in-depth individual interviews, with a purposive sample of key informants, including: public health professionals and health managers (working in rural and urban areas); researchers; academics and NGO managers. The contents of the interviews were analysed to identify common responses about and suggestions for HR requirements within the framework of a NHI. 1 Personal communication Dr Mark Blecher, Director Social Services (Health), National Treasury, 17 July 2009 The literature review includes policy documents, position papers and articles from journals and bulletins. Key informants were asked to identify literature and research material to support recommendations. The research findings indicate that despite the South African Government’s expressed commitment to Primary Health Care (PHC), the National Department of Health has continued to support and sustain a clinical model of health service delivery (Motsoaledi, 2010), primarily utilising doctors and nurses. The clinic based services are limited in their ability to reach community level, and, being focused on curative aspects, are often inadequate with regard to prevention, health promotion and rehabilitation services. While the curricula of health professionals have been through some changes, the training has continued to be curative in focus and the clinical training sites have not been significantly expanded to include peripheral sites. While there are many Community Health Workers in the country, they remain disorganised and peripheral to the public health system. The mid level worker category has not been fully explored. Finally there are no clear strategies for recruitment and retention of health workers in rural and under-resourced areas. In addition to the continued use of a clinical model, transformation of the health system hasbeen hampered by inadequate numbers of health workers, particularly in the rural and periurban townships and informal settlements. There is no clear strategy for addressing the critical health worker shortage in under-resourced areas, particularly rural areas. The last section makes recommendations, which will be submitted to the relevant task teams working on the NHI. It is intended that recommendations arising out of the research will influence the process and decisions about HRH within a NHI funded health system. / South Africa

Magister Public Health - MPH / Background: The global human resources for health crisis has affected Uganda deeply as is evidenced by grossly inadequate medical doctor to population ratios. Strategies to increase training and retention initiatives have been identified as the most promising ways to address the problem. In Uganda, the dual track tuition policy of higher education (called the Private Students Scheme or PSS) at the University of Makerere was initiated in the academic year 1993/94, to boost student intake and to supplement university revenue. However, the impact of this scheme on the enrolment and graduation of medical students at this University is unknown. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of the PSS on enrolment, time to completion, attrition and number of graduated medical students at Makerere University Medical School after (post-) the Private Students Scheme (PSS). Study design: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study based on a retrospective review of enrolment and graduation records of medical students was conducted comparing records of students enrolled five years before and after the privatisation scheme. Numbers enrolled, attrition rates, time to completion and graduation numbers were analysed. Results: There were 895 students enrolled in the study period, 612 (72.2%) males and 236 (27.6%) females. Pre- and post-PSS periods had 401 and 494 enrolments respectively (a net increase of 93 students). During the post-PSS period, 447 (90.5%) government sponsored students were enrolled - 351 (71.1%) males and 143 (28.9% females); in the same period, 47 (9.5%) private students were enrolled, 30 (63.8%) male and 17 (36.2%) female. Graduation rates for the entire study period were 96% (859), which represented 44% (378) in the pre-PSS and 56% (481) in the post-PSS periods. Private students contributed 8.9% (43) of the graduates 9in the post-PSS period. The majority of students (90.4%) graduated in five years. Thirty four students (3.8%) dropped out in the entire period, constituting significantly more in the pre-PSS - 22 (5.5%) than in the post PSS-period - 12 (2.4%). Males were more likely to drop out: 31 males did so (4.4%) compared with 3 (1.2%) females. In the post-PSS period, males made up 83.3% (10/12) of the attrition rate. Nine of them were government sponsored while three were private students. Conclusions: The PSS resulted in a 10% increase in enrolments when compared to the pre-PSS period. Furthermore the number of private medical student enrolments contributed 8.9% of the total graduations indicating that PSS succeeded in increasing the number of medical doctors graduated at MUSM. More males than females enrolled across all the years which might indicate a tendency for females to pursue non-medical professions which should be discouraged. Attrition of students was low which is encouraging but the finding that males were more likely to drop out than females deserves attention. / South Africa

Magister Public Health - MPH / Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of the PSS on enrolment, time to completion, attrition and number of graduated medical students at Makerere University Medical School after (post-) the Private Students Scheme (PSS).

Magister Public Health - MPH / Objectives: To document the distribution of medical doctors between the National Health System (NHS), NGOs and the Private Sector over the period 2000-2010; (2) To explore the perceptions of medical doctors (MDs) and human resources managers (HRMs) regarding factors that influence MD internal brain drain in Maputo city, Mozambique, more specifically, the movement of doctors from the Mozambican NHS to NGOs and the private sector within Mozambique.

Orientador: Rubia de Aguiar Alencar / Resumo: O suicídio é uma das 10 principais causas de morte no mundo. A cada 40 segundos, morre uma pessoa por suicídio, de modo que se tornou um problema de saúde pública e um agravo de notificação compulsória. A maior parte dos suicídios pode ser prevenida, basta observar o grande número de pessoas que esteve em consulta na Atenção Primária durante o prazo de um ano antes do fato. Assim, a identificação precoce do risco de suicídio é um dos fatores de prevenção. O presente estudo tem por objetivo propor e implementar oficinas problematizadoras sobre a abordagem à pessoa em sofrimento psíquico com comportamento suicida para os trabalhadores e gestores dos serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa-quantitativa conduzida por meio do referencial da pesquisa ação que, por sua vez, corresponde a uma estratégia metodológica e técnica que permite estruturar uma investigação social com maior versatilidade na elaboração e execução dos recursos utilizados na investigação. Para organização da oficina – realizada em três encontros – optou-se pela utilização do Arco de Charles Maguerez. Após a transcrição das narrativas e das gravações da oficina, os dados foram analisados segundo o referencial metodológico da Análise de Conteúdo, na vertente representacional e temática de Bardin. O produto desenvolvido foi a oficina constituída por três encontros que proporcionaram um espaço educativo, de reflexão da ação e integração teórico-prática no exercício pr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Suicide is one of the top 10 causes of death in the world. Every 40 seconds, aperson dies by suicide, so that it becomes a public health problem and a conditionof compulsory notification. Most suicides can be prevented, just look at the largenumber of people who were in consultation in Primary Care during the period ofone year before the fact. Thus, an early identification of suicide risk is one of thethreat factors. The present study aims to propose and implement workshops withproblems to approach the person in psychological distress with suicidal behaviorfor workers and managers of Primary Health Care services. A qualitativequantitative research was carried out through research of an action that, in turn,corresponds to a methodological and technical strategy that allows structuring asocial investigation with greater versatility in the execution and execution of theresources used in the investigation. To organize the workshop - held in threemeetings - choose the use of the Arch of Charles Maguerez. After transcribingthe narratives and recordings of the workshop, the data were analyzed accordingto the methodological framework of Content Analysis, in the representative andthematic aspect of Bardin. The product was developed for a workshop on threemeetings that offered an educational space, reflection on action and theoreticalpractical integration in professional practice. As a result, participants wereselected who develop strategies to lead or a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

La mortalité maternelle et périnatale est un problème majeur de santé publique dans les pays en développement. Elle illustre l’écart important entre les pays développés et les pays en développement. Les interventions techniques pour améliorer la santé maternelle et périnatale sont connues dans les pays en développement, mais ce sont la faiblesse des systèmes de santé et les défis liés aux ressources qui freinent leur généralisation. L’objectif principal de ce travail était de mieux comprendre le rôle des ressources humaines en particulier ceux de la première ligne dans la performance d’un système de référence maternelle. Au Mali, la mise en place d’un système de référence maternelle, système de référence-évacuation « SRE », fait partie des mesures nationales de lutte contre la mortalité maternelle et périnatale. Les trois composantes du SRE, soit les caisses de solidarité, le transport et la communication et la mise à niveau des soins obstétricaux, permettent une action simultanée du côté de la demande et de l’offre de soins maternels et périnatals. Néanmoins, la pénurie de personnel qualifié a conduit à des compromis sur la qualification du personnel dans l’implantation de ce système. La région de Kayes, première région administrative du Mali, est une région de forte émigration. Elle dispose d’une offre de soins plus diversifiée qu’ailleurs au Mali, grâce à l’appui des Maliens de l’extérieur. Son SRE offre ainsi un terrain d’études adéquat pour l’analyse du rôle des professionnels de première ligne. De façon plus spécifique, ce travail avait pour objectifs 1) d’identifier les caractéristiques des équipes de soins de première ligne qui sont associées à une meilleure performance du SRE en termes de survie simultanée de la mère et du nouveau-né et 2) d’approfondir la compréhension des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines, susceptibles d’expliquer les variations de la performance du SRE de Kayes. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons, à partir du cadre de référence de Michie et West modélisé les facteurs liés aux ressources humaines qui ont une influence potentielle sur la performance du SRE de Kayes. L’exploration des variations du processus motivationnel a été faite à partir de la théorie de l’attente de Vroom. Nous avons ensuite combiné une revue de la littérature et un devis de recherche mixte (quantitative et qualitative). Les données pour les analyses quantitatives proviennent d’un système d’enregistrement continu de toutes les urgences obstétricales (GESYRE : Gestion du Système de Référence Évacuation mis en place depuis 2004 dans le cadre du suivi et de l’évaluation du SRE de Kayes) et des enquêtes à passages répétés sur les données administratives et du personnel des centres de santé. Un modèle de régression biprobit a permis d’évaluer les effets du niveau d’entrée dans le SRE et des équipes de soins sur la survie jointe de la mère et du nouveau-né. A l’aide d’entrevues semi-structurées et d’observations, nous avons exploré les pratiques de gestion des personnes dans des centres de santé communautaires « CScom » sélectionnés par un échantillonnage raisonné. Les résultats de ce travail ont confirmé que la main d’œuvre humaine demeure cruciale pour la performance du SRE. Les professionnels de première ligne ont influencé la survie des femmes et des nouveau-nés, à morbidités égales, et lorsque la distance parcourue est prise en compte. La meilleure survie de la mère et du nouveau-né est retrouvée dans les cas d’accès direct à l’hôpital régional. Les femmes qui sont évacuées des centres de première ligne où il y a plus de professionnels ou un personnel plus qualifié avaient un meilleur pronostic materno-fœtal que celles qui ont consulté dans des centres qui disposent de personnel peu qualifié. Dans les centres de première ligne dirigés par un médecin, des variations favorables à la performance comme une implication directe des médecins dans les soins, un environnement de soins concurrentiel ont été retrouvés. Concernant les pratiques de gestion dans les centres de première ligne, les chefs de poste ont mis en place des incitatifs pour motiver le personnel à plus de performance. Le processus motivationnel demeure toutefois très complexe et variable. La désirabilité de bons résultats des soins (valence) est élevée pour tous les professionnels ; cependant les motifs étaient différents entre les catégories de personnel. Par ailleurs, le faible niveau d’équipements et la multiplicité des acteurs ont empêché l’établissement d’un lien entre l’effort fourni par les professionnels et les résultats de soins. Cette compréhension du rôle des professionnels de première ligne pourra aider le personnel administratif à mieux cibler le monitorage de la performance du SRE. Le personnel de soins pourra s’en servir pour reconnaitre et appliquer les pratiques associées à une bonne performance. Dans le domaine de la recherche, les défis de recherche ultérieurs sur les facteurs humains de la performance du SRE seront mieux identifiés. / Although proven effective interventions have been transferred from the developed world, developing countries still face high maternal and perinatal deaths. Weak health systems and human resources crisis hinder the scaling up of those interventions. This study is aimed at improving the understanding of the role of human resources, especially the first line staff in a maternal referral system, the evacuation and referral system (ERS) of Kayes (Mali). The implantation of the ERS as part of major strategies for fighting maternal and perinatal deaths has been generalised in Mali’s eight administrative regions. The ERS main components are: upgrading of emergency obstetric care (EmOC); funding by a solidarity fund; and improving transport and communication by ambulance. These components allows for joint action regarding the supply and the use of maternal and perinatal services. Yet, due to the shortages in skilled birth attendants, the extension of the coverage in emergency obstetric services has been made with less qualified staff. Kayes is Mali’s first administrative region and a cradle of emigration. It therefore offers, with the support of its immigrants, a more diversified primary care provision than elsewhere in Mali. This gives an opportunity of studying the role of primary care staff in the ERS performance. More precisely, the objectives of this research were to: 1 identify characteristics of primary care teams that influenced the ERS performance assessed by the joint mother-child survival and 2) improve the understanding of human resources practices associated with ERS performance. We combined a systematic literature review with a mixed quantitative and qualitative research design. Kayes ERS performance was modelised using Michie and West conceptual framework and the motivational process was explored with Vroom’s expectancy theory. Data for the quantitative analyses derived from an ongoing system of registering all obstetric emergencies implemented since 2004 (GESYRE: Gestion du Système de Référence Évacuation / Management of the Evacuation Referral System) and periodic surveys. A biprobit regression model has been fitted to estimate the effects of the point of entry in the ERS and the primary care team composition on the joint mother-newborn survival. We also conducted semi structured interviews and non participant observations in order to explore human resources practices in purposely selected community health centers. This research confirmed the importance of human resources in ERS performance. When women’ individual risk factors are controlled for, there is a combined effect of distance traveled and the point of entry in the ERS on one side and the community health centers staff on the other hand, on the mother-child joint survival. The best prognosis of care was found in women who directly accessed care at the regional hospital. Having been transferred from a community health center where there is a physician or more than three professionals increased the mother-child survival probability. Physicians in community health centers develop strategies for a better performance of the health centers they managed: direct implication in care and a competitive care environment. Primary care managers set up incentives to motivate staff. The motivation process remains however a variable and complex one. The desirability of good results was common for all staff though its motivations varied according to the type of staff. Besides, due to insufficiency of material and multiples intermediate factors, perception of a linkage between effort and result was low. This increased understanding of the role of primary care human resources in the ERS performance would focus the management of ERS performance on targeted but effective interventions. The workforce could benefit from the study conclusions in identifying and applying best practices. Further research challenges would also be more precisely identified.

Introdução: O desenvolvimento de sistemas informatizados requer a compreensão entre busca dos dados e o uso da informação para definir a qualidade de um sistema. Dispor de evidências sobre a eficiência do uso dos sistemas informatizados é essencial para a avaliação do produto no gerenciamento do serviço de enfermagem. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficiência do uso do Sistema Informatizado de Educação Continuada em Enfermagem na perspectiva dos enfermeiros gestores. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa tecnológica aplicada, descritiva-exploratória realizada com a participação 23 enfermeiros gestores na primeira etapa e 21 na segunda etapa da pesquisa por meio da aplicação de questionário, contendo os dados do sistema e as subcaracterísticas sobre a eficiência do sistema, respectivamente. Para a análise destas variáveis foi utilizada a Norma Brasileira ISO/IEC 14598-1, testes de comparação e correlação, e análise Fuzzy. Resultados: Na avaliação sobre a eficiência dos dados do sistema, os enfermeiros gestores consideraram eficiente o conjunto de dados do sistema constituído pelas categorias Página Inicial, Estrutura Organizacional, Profissionais, Grupos de Estudos, Atividades de Ensino, Produção Científica, Avaliação e Relatórios com percentual 86%, dentre elas, as categorias Produção Científica, Avaliação, Atividades de Ensino, Tela Inicial e Grupos de Estudos com percentual 90%, ultrapassando as expectativas destes usuários. Ainda que a avaliação seja satisfatória, os elementos de dados Tabela e Subsetor apresentaram percentual de avaliação da eficiência próximo a 70%. O elemento de dado Validade do seguro de vida da pessoa (69%), da categoria Profissionais, foi considerado não eficiente para o gerenciamento do serviço de enfermagem na avaliação dos participantes, mas o valor atribuído a informação deste dado e o resultado do intervalo de confiança o manteve no conjunto de dados do sistema. Foram elucidadas tendências de causalidade de moderada magnitude na correlação significativa entre a frequência da eficiência do uso dos dados com as variáveis da caracterização dos sujeitos: tempo de atuação na instituição, número de especializações, tempo de graduado. A avaliação sobre a eficiência do uso do sistema na interação entre o sujeito e o modelo de dados através de uma interface web também foi positiva, com percentual superior a 70%, classificada como boa com uma dispersão mínima por unanimidade dos usuários na análise Fuzzy. A eficiência da velocidade obteve frequência inferior a 70%, tendo apresentado avaliação boa com dispersão alta, indicando a necessidade de reavaliação do sistema neste quesito. Nas correlações realizadas sobre a avaliação da eficiência do uso dos dados e da eficiência do uso do sistema na interação entre o sujeito e o modelo de dados, respectivamente nas etapas 1 e 2, o número de especializações e o tempo de graduação foram significativas. Na etapa 2, o tempo de atuação apresentou correlação significante em relação à subcaracterística velocidade do sistema. A variável tempo de atuação na instituição foi significativa em ambas avaliações. Conclusão: A avaliação confirmou a eficiência do uso do Sistema Informatizado de Educação Continuada em Enfermagem para o gerenciamento do serviço de enfermagem, embora haja necessidade de reavaliação do sistema no que se refere ao elemento de dado Validade do seguro de vida e a subcaracterística velocidade. / Introduction: The development of computerized systems requires understanding between search data and use the information to define the quality of a system. Evidence available on the effectiveness of the use of computerized systems is essential to the evaluation of the product in the management of nursing services. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of the use of the Computerized System of Continuing Nursing Education from the perspective of nurse managers. Method: This is a technology applied research, descriptive and exploratory held involving 23 nurses managers in the first stage and 21 in the second stage of the research through a questionnaire containing system data and subcharacteristics on the efficiency of system, respectively. For the analysis of these variables was used the Brazilian Standard ISO / IEC 14598-1, comparison and correlation tests, and Fuzzy analysis. Results: The evaluation of the system data efficiency, the nurse managers efficiently considered the system data structure composed of the category Home, Organizational Structure, Professionals, Study Groups, Teaching Activities, Scientific Production, Evaluation and Reporting with percentage 86%, among them, the categories Scientific Production, Assessment, Teaching Activities, Home Screen and Study Groups with percentage 90%, surpassing the expectations of these users. Even if the evaluation is satisfactory, the data elements Table subsector and presented a percentage evaluation of efficiency close to 70%. The data element validity of the person\'s life insurance (69%), the category Professionals, was considered not efficient for the management of nursing services in the evaluation of the participants, but the value assigned to information of this data and the result of the interval confidence kept in the system data set. Moderate magnitude causality trends were elucidated in significant correlation between the frequency of data use efficiency with the variables of characterization of the subjects: acting in the institution, number of specializations, graduate of time. The evaluation of the system use efficiency in the interaction between the subject and the data model through a web interface was also positive, with a percentage higher than 70%, classified as \"good\" with a \"minimum\" scatter unanimously users Fuzzy the analysis. The rate of efficiency obtained frequencies below 70%, presenting \"good\" rating with \"high\" dispersion, indicating the need for system re-evaluation in this regard. In the correlations performed on the evaluation of data use efficiency and the system use efficiency of the interaction between the subject and the data model, respectively in steps 1 and 2, the number of expertise and time were significant degree. In step 2, the operating time showed a significant correlation with respect to subcharacteristic system speed. The role of time variable in the institution was significant in both assessments. Conclusion: The evaluation confirmed the efficiency of the use of the Computerized System of Continuing Nursing Education for the management of nursing services, although there is need for system re-evaluation with regard to life insurance Validity of data element and subcharacteristic speed.