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Sweden is a country with an increasing foreign born population, where more and more people growing up with two parents born outside of Sweden. In this paper I examine the different labor market outcome for native Swedes and the six largest groups of second generation immigrants in the ages 30-39 years. The analysis is divided in two part where the first examining the level of gainful employment and the second the distribution in line of work. By using data from population register there was possible to perform detailed analysis. The gainfully employment rate are lower for the different groups of second generation immigrants. Unlike earlier studies regarding employment differences depending on parental origin, there are however not as distinct pattern of ethnic penalties. The result regarding line of work from the second part of the analysis show that some groups of second generation have a higher risk of being in less-qualified jobs after controlling for education, personal- and parental variables.

På baggrund af den integrationsdebat, som i de senere år har præget dansk politik, er arbejde blevet en indikation på integration. Derfor har man koncentreret sig på problematikken, i at mange indvandrere/flygtninge, med ikke-vestlig baggrund, står udenfor arbejdsmarkedet. I denne opgave vendes diskursen, og belyser hvilken jobsøgningsstrategi som har vist sig være mest effektiv for denne gruppe på det danske arbejdsmarked. Fokus er lagt på det sociale netværk, idet tidligere forskning har set dette som den mest effektive indgang til arbejdsmarkedet. Der fokuseres på herboende irakere. Udover at give en kort karakteristika af Iraks nutidshistorie, er der blevet lavet 16 ustrukturerede kvalitative interviews med irakere. Analysen på dette materiale er blevet brugt til at påvise forskellige tendenser, deriblandt jobsøgningsstrategi, arbejdslivserfaring, human kapital og oplevelser med diskrimination på det danske arbejdsmarked. Konklusionen er, at informanterne umiddelbart anvender deres sociale netværk for at komme ind på arbejdsmarkedet, mens den langsigtede strategi er uddannelse fra Danmark. En ligeså vigtig metode er strategisk assimilation, hvor informanterne assimilerer sig med sine danske kollegaer, for på den måde at undvige diskrimination og udelukkelse fra det danske arbejdsmarked. / Based on the integration debate, which over the last few years has influenced Danish politics, work has become an indication of integration. The focus has as a consequence been laid on the problem that many immigrants and refugees with non-western background, are excluded from the Danish labour market. In this essay this discourse will be turned around, and the emphasis will be put on which job searching strategies are the most effective for this group in relation to the labour market. This assessment will focus on the social network, which in earlier research has proven to be the most effective way to enter the employment market. The focus is laid upon Iraqis living in Denmark. Besides giving the short characteristics of Iraq’s recent history, 16 unstructured qualitative interviews with Iraqis have been completed. The analysis of the material found has been used to generate certain tendencies, including job searching strategies, work experiences, human capital and discrimination experiences on the Danish employment market. The conclusion of this exercise highlights that Iraqis taking part in the interviewing process immediately uses their social network to enter employment, while their long-term strategy is education from Denmark. Just as important a method is the strategical assimilation, where the participants interviewed assimilate themselves with their Danish co-workers, and in that way avoids discrimination and exclusion from the Danish workforce.

For decades the question regarding foreign aid’s effectiveness has been disputed. The ongoing debate concerning whether foreign aid yields or prevents economic growth has been discussed by different scholars, though with dissimilar outcomes. Foreign aid is often criticized for creating destruction rather than stimulating developing countries economic growth, though the fundamentals for aid is to create opportunities for developing countries to evolve and gain better socio-economic structures. Different forms of aid are supposed to create different outcomes, i.e. short- and medium-term aid ought to stimulate the country while long-term aid such as infrastructure and education should create growth for the recipient country. The problem of aid is mostly corruption, corrupted regimes hinders the natural development for aid that is to say it hampers the positive outcome aid can produce. So, does foreign aid have a positive impact on recipient countries growth? The aim of this study is to acknowledge the importance of foreign aid. In order to analyse whether foreign aid results in economic growth for developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, a crosssection regression analysis has been conducted. To sum up the results of this study foreign aid doesn’t have a significant effect on economic growth in the region Sub-Saharan Africa although other variables such as education and foreign direct investment has a significant effect on growth.

Tidigare forskning har endast fokuserats på företag med begränsningen LargeCap och i denna studie studerar vi vad medelstora företag rapporterar om intellektuellt kapital. Studiens resultat visar på ett liknande trendmönster med tidigare studier som enbart har analyserat LargeCap företag.   Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad medelstora företag rapporterar om intellektuellt kapital, med insamlad data från svenska börsnoterade företag. För att bemöta syftet har litteratur från tidigare forskning och empiriska data från urvalsföretagens årsredovisningar för 2014 samt 2018 använts. Till följd av detta kunde en frågeställning skapas: vilka delar av intellektuellt kapital är det börsnoterade företag redovisar?   Studien visar på att MidCap företag följer samma trend i rapporteringen av intellektuellt kapital som LargeCap företag. Resultatet visar dock på en lägre frekvens av rapporteringen i MidCap företag jämfört med tidigare studier om LargeCap företag.   Studien har bidragit till ett nytt teoretiskt perspektiv för att illustrera företags rapportering av intellektuellt kapital. Studien har bidragit till att skiljaktigheten i företagens rapportering inte är beroende av storleken för att bedöma ett rapporteringsmönster. Ett empiriskt bidrag är att studien har tillfört en ny tillämpningsgrupp i en befintlig teori och det praktiska bidraget är att intressenter informeras om vilka delar företag rapporterar om intellektuellt kapital samt hur företag kan använda denna studie till att anpassa rapporteringen av intellektuellt kapital. / Previous research has solely been focusing on companies with the restriction LargeCap and in this study we have studied what MidCap companies report regarding intellectual capital. The study results show a similar pattern with previous studies that has only analysed LargeCap.   The purpose of this study is to examine what MidCap companies reports about intellectual capital, with collected data from Swedish listed companies. To meet the purpose has literature from previous research and empirical data from the sampled companies' annual reports from 2014 and 2018 been used. Due to this could an issue be established: which parts of intellectual capital are the listed companies reporting?   The study of MidCap companies follows the same pattern in the reporting of intellectual capital as LargeCap companies. However, the result shows a lower frequency of reports in MidCap companies in relation to previous research about LargeCap companies.   The study has contributed to a new theoretical perspective to illustrate companies reporting regarding intellectual capital. The research has contributed to differences in companies reporting are not dependent on the size to assess a reporting pattern. An empirical contribution is that the study has brought a new sample group for an existing theory and the practical contribution is that the stakeholders are getting informed which parts of intellectual capital companies are reporting and also how companies can utilize this study to adjust their reporting of intellectual capital.

With rapidly advancing technologies and digital innovations, companies face the need to adapt to the new digital world and to digitally transform their business models. For executing the digital transformation process, more and more companies decide to entrust a new C-level manager with all challenges and complexity arising from digital transformation, the Chief Digital Officer (CDO). As the CDO position is still fairly new, research in this field is limited and requires further attention by scholars. Therefore, this study aims to address three fundamental research questions concerning the nature of the CDO position and corresponding implications not only to inform practitioners but also to enrich the scholarly discussion on CDOs. By understanding existing literature on CDOs based on a systematic literature review, this thesis answers the first research question regarding what characterizes the CDO position. Building on these insights and drawing from a comprehensive theoretical framework consisting of upper echelons theory, contingency theory, human capital theory and the resource-based view, hypotheses are developed for answering research questions two and three. While the second research question focuses on factors, which influence CDO presence within a company, the third research question addresses the impact of a CDO on company performance. Based on a large-scale sample of panel data comprised of S&P 500 companies, generalized estimating equations models, propensity score matching and fixed effects regression models are exploited in order to derive answers for both research questions two and three. As influencing factors for CDO presence, the results show that especially early tenure CEOs and CEOs of larger companies are more likely to employ a CDO. Although no evidence can be observed for positive performance implications of CDOs, also given different company contingencies, the insights of this study's analyses show that certain CDO characteristics as well as in combination with CIO presence and varying CEO characteristics are more favorable over others in terms of company performance measured by return on assets and Tobin's Q.