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301	Understanding the Link Between Robots Perspective Taking, and Humans Formulating a Mental Model and Exhibiting Prosocial Behaviour / Förstå Kopplingen Mellan Robotar som Tar Perspektiv och Människor som Formulerar en Mental Modell och Uppvisar ett Prosocialt Beteende : Förstudie Tiago Matias Marques De Almeida, João January 2022 (has links) For effective Human-Robot Interactions, robots have to achieve the same level of understanding as humans in every aspect. Humans are highly versatile, able to switch between frames of reference and consider multiple perspectives efficiently. Additionally, humans help and care for each other in the hope of contributing to a better society. When we talk about interacting with robots, the uncertainty around how to collaborate with them has become an emerging topic in the past few years. To bring social robots into humans’ lives, researchers need to understand the conditions and implications of robots’ actions on human responses and perceptions of robots. This project aims at understanding the link between a robot taking a human’s perspective and the human’s exhibition of prosocial behaviour toward the robot. To test our hypotheses, we have designed an activity where the participant picks an object from an array of objects in front of them, after listening to the robot’s descriptions of that object. Divided into three between-subject conditions, the robot took different perspectives to address the objects in each condition. After completing the tasks, participants could either help the robot collect speech data or move on with filling the final questionnaire and finishing the experiment. Our findings show that the participants were significantly more likely to help the robot when the robot took their perspective (human-centred) compared to both the control condition (object-centred) and when the robot did not take their perspective (robot-centred). Additionally, the results show that when the robot’s descriptions of an object were ambiguous, in the first instruction, 96% of the participants perceived the robot’s first instruction using an egocentric perspective. However, when the robot made such ambiguous instructions again later, participants perceived the instructions based on the mental model developed about the robot for that condition. / Robotar måste, i alla avseenden, uppnå samma nivå av förståelse som människor, i syfte till att skapa ett effektivt samspel. Människor är versatila, kan växla mellan olika referensramar och beakta flera perspektiv på ett effektivt sätt. Dessutom hjälper dem och även tar hand om varandra i hopp om att bidra till ett bättre samhälle. När man talar om att interagera med robotar har osäkerheten kring samarbetet blivit ett framväxande ämne under de senaste åren. För att få in sociala robotar i människors liv måste forskarna förstå förutsättningar för och konsekvenser av robotars handlingar gentemot människors reaktioner och uppfattningar om dem. Detta projekt syftar därför till att förstå kopplingen mellan en robot som intar en människas perspektiv samt människans uppvisande av prosocialt beteende gentemot roboten. För att testa hypotesen har en aktivitet designats där en robot ger instruktioner till en deltagare att välja ett visst föremål som den beskriver, utifrån en rad med olika objekt. Med tanke på att deltagarna endast tilldelas ett villkor av tre möjliga, tog roboten olika perspektiv för att adressera objektet i varje betingelse. Efter den slutförda uppgiften kunde deltagarna antingen hjälpa roboten att samla in tal-data eller gå vidare med att fylla i ett sista frågeformulär och avsluta experimentet. Resultatet visar på att deltagarna var mer benägna att hjälpa roboten när den tog deras perspektiv (människokoncentrerad) i jämförelse med både kontrollvillkoren (objektcentrerad) och när roboten inte tog deras perspektiv (robotcentrerad). Dessutom visar även resultatet att robotens beskrivning av ett objekt var tvetydliga. I den första instruktionen upplevde 96% av deltagarna att robotens instruktion hade ett egocentriskt perspektiv. När roboten gjorde ytterligare sådana tvetydliga instruktioner, När roboten gjorde ytterligare sådana tvetydliga instruktioner, uppfattades instruktionerna däremot utifrån den mentala modellen som utvecklades om roboten för just det villkoret. Perspective Taking Prosocial Behaviour Human-Robot Interaction Implicit frame of reference Explicit frame of reference Human’s mental model Tomada de Perspectiva Comportamento Prosocial Interacção Humano- Robot Ponto de referência implícito Ponto de referência explícito Modelo mental humano Perspektivstagande Prosociala beteenden Interaktion mellan människa och robot Implicit referensram Explicit referensram Människans mentala modell Computer and Information Sciences Data- och informationsvetenskap
302	Ganzheitliche Potentialbewertung von Mensch-Roboter-Kooperation in produzierenden KMU Delang, Kathleen 30 September 2022 (has links) In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Vorgehensweise entwickelt, um Verbesserungspotentiale in produzierenden kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) durch den Einsatz von Mensch-Roboter-Kooperation (MRK) zu identifizieren. Die Herausforderung in der Anwendung besteht dabei in der Entwicklung von objektiven Bewertungsverfahren, um die Auswirkungen möglicher Realisierungsvarianten ökonomisch, sozial, ökologisch und technisch-technologisch zu beurteilen. Bislang gibt es nur unzureichende Ansätze, um Potentiale der neuen Technologie ganzheitlich zu bewerten. Da sich KMU durch eine hohe Bedeutung des operativen Geschäftes auszeichnen, wird ein flexibler Ansatz benötigt, der an die jeweilige Situation des Unternehmens angepasst werden kann. Entsprechend der firmenindividuellen Zielstellung werden geeignete Arbeitsplätze für den Einsatz von MRK identifiziert und deren Potentiale in verschiedenen Realisierungsvarianten bewertet. Die entwickelte Vorgehensweise wird anhand von Fallstudien mit drei produzierenden Unternehmen aus unterschiedlichen Branchen verifiziert und iterativ verbessert.:Bibliografische Beschreibung Zusammenfassung Abstract Vorwort Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis Variablenverzeichnis 1. Einleitung: Motivation und Problemstellung 2. Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik 3. Abgeleitete Forschungsfrage und Zielsetzung der Arbeit 4. Entwicklung Zieldefinition und Metamodell zur Potentialbewertung von MRK 5. Entwicklung flexibler Modelle gemäß Metamodell 6. Verifizierung der entwickelten flexiblen Modelle anhand von Fallstudien 7. Bewertung der Forschungsergebnisse 8. Zusammenfassung 9. Ausblick Quellennachweise Anhang / In the thesis, a methodology is developed to identify improvement potentials in manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through the use of human-robot-interaction (HRI). The challenge in the application is the development of objective evaluation criteria to assess the effects of possible implementation variants economically, socially, ecologically and technically-technologically. So far, there are only insufficient approaches to evaluate potentials of the new technology holistically. Since SMEs are characterized by a high importance of the operational business, a flexible approach is needed, which can be adapted to the respective situation of the company. According to the company's individual objectives, suitable workplaces for the use of HRI are identified and their potentials are evaluated in different realization variants. The developed approach will be verified and iteratively improved by means of three case studies with manufacturing companies from different industries.:Bibliografische Beschreibung Zusammenfassung Abstract Vorwort Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis Variablenverzeichnis 1. Einleitung: Motivation und Problemstellung 2. Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik 3. Abgeleitete Forschungsfrage und Zielsetzung der Arbeit 4. Entwicklung Zieldefinition und Metamodell zur Potentialbewertung von MRK 5. Entwicklung flexibler Modelle gemäß Metamodell 6. Verifizierung der entwickelten flexiblen Modelle anhand von Fallstudien 7. Bewertung der Forschungsergebnisse 8. Zusammenfassung 9. Ausblick Quellennachweise Anhang info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/600 ddc:600 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620 ddc:620 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/629 ddc:629 Mensch-Roboter-Kooperation Produktionssystem Robotik
303	Interaction Design for Remote Control of Military Unmanned Ground Vehicles Saleh, Diana January 2021 (has links) The fast technology development for military unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) has led to a considerable demand to explore the soldier’s role in an interactive UGV system. This thesis explores how to design interactive systems for UGVs for infantry soldiers in the Swedish Armed Force. This was done through a user-centered design approach in three steps; (1) identifying the design drivers of the targeted military context through qualitative observations and user interviews, (2) using the design drivers to investigate concepts for controlling the UGV, and (3) create and evaluate a prototype of an interactive UGV system design. Results from interviews indicated that design drivers depend on the physical and psychological context of the intended soldiers. In addition, exploring the different concepts showed that early conceptual designs helped the user express their needs of a non-existing system. Furthermore, the results indicate that an interactive UGV system does not necessarily need to be at the highest level of autonomy in order to be useful for the soldiers on the field. The final prototype of an interactive UGV system was evaluated using a demonstration video, a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and semi-structured user interviews. Results from this evaluation suggested that the soldiers see the potential usefulness of an interactive UGV system but are not entirely convinced. In conclusion, this thesis argues that in order to design an interactive UGV system, the most critical aspect is the soldiers’ acceptance of the new system. Moreover, for soldiers to accept the concept of military UGVs, it is necessary to understand the context of use and the needs of the soldiers. This is done by involving the soldiers already in the conceptual design process and then throughout the development phases. Human Robot Interaction (HRI) Design Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) Autonomous Systems Human Computer Interaction (HCI) Information Systems Interaction Design User Experience (UX) Unmanned Vehicles (UV) Autonomous Vehicles Interactive Systems User Interface (UI) Research Through Design Military Teleoperation Swedish Armed Forces Human Computer Interaction Information Systems, Social aspects Interaction Technologies Interaktionsteknik
304	Enhanching the Human-Team Awareness of a Robot Wåhlin, Peter January 2012 (has links) The use of autonomous robots in our society is increasing every day and a robot is no longer seen as a tool but as a team member. The robots are now working side by side with us and provide assistance during dangerous operations where humans otherwise are at risk. This development has in turn increased the need of robots with more human-awareness. Therefore, this master thesis aims at contributing to the enhancement of human-aware robotics. Specifically, we are investigating the possibilities of equipping autonomous robots with the capability of assessing and detecting activities in human teams. This capability could, for instance, be used in the robot's reasoning and planning components to create better plans that ultimately would result in improved human-robot teamwork performance. we propose to improve existing teamwork activity recognizers by adding intangible features, such as stress, motivation and focus, originating from human behavior models. Hidden markov models have earlier been proven very efficient for activity recognition and have therefore been utilized in this work as a method for classification of behaviors. In order for a robot to provide effective assistance to a human team it must not only consider spatio-temporal parameters for team members but also the psychological.To assess psychological parameters this master thesis suggests to use the body signals of team members. Body signals such as heart rate and skin conductance. Combined with the body signals we investigate the possibility of using System Dynamics models to interpret the current psychological states of the human team members, thus enhancing the human-awareness of a robot. / Användningen av autonoma robotar i vårt samhälle ökar varje dag och en robot ses inte längre som ett verktyg utan som en gruppmedlem. Robotarna arbetar nu sida vid sida med oss och ger oss stöd under farliga arbeten där människor annars är utsatta för risker. Denna utveckling har i sin tur ökat behovet av robotar med mer människo-medvetenhet. Därför är målet med detta examensarbete att bidra till en stärkt människo-medvetenhet hos robotar. Specifikt undersöker vi möjligheterna att utrusta autonoma robotar med förmågan att bedöma och upptäcka olika beteenden hos mänskliga lag. Denna förmåga skulle till exempel kunna användas i robotens resonemang och planering för att ta beslut och i sin tur förbättra samarbetet mellan människa och robot. Vi föreslår att förbättra befintliga aktivitetsidentifierare genom att tillföra förmågan att tolka immateriella beteenden hos människan, såsom stress, motivation och fokus. Att kunna urskilja lagaktiviteter inom ett mänskligt lag är grundläggande för en robot som ska vara till stöd för laget. Dolda markovmodeller har tidigare visat sig vara mycket effektiva för just aktivitetsidentifiering och har därför använts i detta arbete. För att en robot ska kunna ha möjlighet att ge ett effektivt stöd till ett mänskligtlag måste den inte bara ta hänsyn till rumsliga parametrar hos lagmedlemmarna utan även de psykologiska. För att tyda psykologiska parametrar hos människor förespråkar denna masteravhandling utnyttjandet av mänskliga kroppssignaler. Signaler så som hjärtfrekvens och hudkonduktans. Kombinerat med kroppenssignalerar påvisar vi möjligheten att använda systemdynamiksmodeller för att tolka immateriella beteenden, vilket i sin tur kan stärka människo-medvetenheten hos en robot. / <p>The thesis work was conducted in Stockholm, Kista at the department of Informatics and Aero System at Swedish Defence Research Agency.</p> robotics Artificial Intelligence AI System Dynamics Wireless Body Area Network WBAN sensors Psychology physiology human behavior Human-Robot-Interaction HRI robot Human-Team awareness human-robot RapidMiner Vensim JaHMM hidden markov models HMM eclipse rcp ARFF recognizer classification cross-validation human behavior stress detection Galvanic Skin Response Heart Rate Skin Temperature Finger Temperature Electrocardiogram ECG GSR ST Pupil Diameter PD Patient monitoring GPS Data acquisition dataset data set MODERE Yerkes-Dodson SD model SD Confusion matrix spatial MOUT Java Agent robotic agent Machine Learning activity recognition team oriented robot Evaluation Decoding Learning Forward Algorithm Backward Algorithm Baum-Welch feedback loop Situation Awareness SA Shared Mental Models SMM
305	A Low-Cost Social Companion Robot for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Velor, Tosan 11 November 2020 (has links) Robot assisted therapy is becoming increasingly popular. Research has proven it can be of benefit to persons dealing with a variety of disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and it can also provide a source of emotional support e.g. to persons living in seniors’ residences. The advancement in technology and a decrease in cost of products related to consumer electronics, computing and communication has enabled the development of more advanced social robots at a lower cost. This brings us closer to developing such tools at a price that makes them affordable to lower income individuals and families. Currently, in several cases, intensive treatment for patients with certain disorders (to the level of becoming effective) is practically not possible through the public health system due to resource limitations and a large existing backlog. Pursuing treatment through the private sector is expensive and unattainable for those with a lower income, placing them at a disadvantage. Design and effective integration of technology, such as using social robots in treatment, reduces the cost considerably, potentially making it financially accessible to lower income individuals and families in need. The Objective of the research reported in this manuscript is to design and implement a social robot that meets the low-cost criteria, while also containing the required functions to support children with ASD. The design considered contains knowledge acquired in the past through research involving the use of various types of technology for the treatment of mental and/or emotional disabilities. Autism spectrum disorder Robot Assisted Therapy Social companion robot Low-cost treatment tool for autism Amazon Alexa voice service Teddy-bear robot Technology aided intervention for autism Soft robot design Robot safety Human robot systems Social HRI robotic design Physical human-robot interaction Robot companions Education Robots Humanoid robot Motion detection robot Robotic technology Children with Autism Social skills development Voice controlled technology robot Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Children’s Treatment Centre Lexa-Bear robot Animal-like robots RaspberryPi robot design

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