"Although the United Nations (UN) has often been pivotal in forging the international response to serious human rights crimes in such settings, the justice gap in countries such as the Democratic Republic [of] Congo (DRC) (the focus of this study) underscores the need for more systematic UN efforts. The war in the DRC has resulted in one of the world's worst humanitarian crisis with over 3.4 million displaced persons scattered throughout the country. An estimated 3.5 million people have died as a result of the war. The armed conflict has been characterised by appalling widespread and systematic human rights violations, including mass killings, ethnic cleansing, rape and the destruction of property. The most pressing need to be addressed is the question of justice and accountability for these human rights atrocities in order to achieve a durable peace in the country and also in the Great Lakes region (Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Angola and the DRC, to name just a few). In this respect, this study will address the grave human rights violations committed in the DRC and the mechanisms for dealing with them. It is particularly true in post-conflict situations where justice systems have been either partially or completely destroyed, that national courts are not capapble of arriving at a uniform stance, or willing to provide justice for atrocities in the immediate future. As a result, international justice seems to be a crucial and last resort that must continue to be fortified against efforts to undermine it. ... Chapter one will set out the content of the research, identify the problem and outline the methodology. Chapter two will discuss the state obligations in international law to prosecute gross violations of human rights and gives a summary of the human rights violations situation during the Congolese war. Chapter three will discuss the available naitonal mechanisms for accountaiblity in the DRC. It will discuss if national courts and TRC are able to deal with these atrocities committed in the DRC. Chapter four will analyse the extent to which the ICC could deal with the Congolese case and challenges. Chapter five will discuss the trends towards accountability in the DRC and the way forward. Chapter six will draw a conclusion on how to break the cycle of impunity in the DRC." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004. / Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Boukongou Jean Didier and Dr. Atangcho Akonumbo at the Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

This dissertation intends to analyse the practice of amnesties in the context of grave human rights violations using northern Uganda as a case study. It also examines its consistency with the obligation upon states to protect human rights through the prosecution of perpetrators of the said violations. It will, accordingly, analyse the implications of the complementary mandate of the International Criminal Court (ICC) to national jurisdictions. Furthermore, the author also explores the tension which results from national amnesties and the principle of international criminal responsibility, a principle that the ICC has the mandate to enforce. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Ben Kiromba Twinomugisha of the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

This thesis sets out to provide what is perceived as the nature of Islam and background that inform the interpretation of the two novels ofMariama Ba as well as that of selected works by fellow Muslim writer, N awal El-Saadawi. Although the question of gender is carefully addressed, the principal viewpoint is Islamic theocratic rather than purely feminist. This study surveys the struggle of these two women writers to claim public space in a dominant patriarchal society. It examines the socio-political conditions affecting women in the Arab peninsula before the rise of Islam, also called Jahiliyyah, from Islam's inception (622 AD). It notes that the principle of equality of all the believers was established by the injunction in the Qur'an, and endorsed by Muhammad, the Prophet, after whose death, manipulation of the sacred texts, especially of the Hadiths, took place. This led to opposition to gender equality; while fitna (civil war) in Medina, led the Prophet to re-institute the hijablveil, in order to protect women from being sexually harassed. The significance of the hijab is then explored, and Fatima Mernissi's text Women and Islam (1987; 1992) is used as seminal to the argument that the hijab was not instituted to put a barrier between men and women. The question of how the Islamic tradition succeeded in transforming the Muslim woman into a submissive, marginal creature, one who once buried herself behind a veil, is considered in the light of feminist theory and practice in both the Third and Arab worlds as well as in terms of the postcolonial notion of 'writing back'. The works of Ba and El-Saadawi, chosen for discussion in this thesis, examine these common issues, and underscore the entitlement of women to equality. The proposition, that Muslim women talk/write back, is epitomized in Ramatoulaye's forceful wordsuttered after thirty years of silence and harassment: 'This time I shall speak out' (So Long a Letter, 1980; 1989: 58). This study also shows that both Ba and El-Saadawi (by employing the journalisme-verite approach) move beyond gender and cultural issues to explore the universal nature of man and woman, and that in accordance with Muslim theocracy, these writers ultimately advocate the notion of redemption through humanity, coincidentally expressed in the Wolofproverb: 'Man, man is his own remedy!' (Scarlet Song, 1981; 1994: 165). Furthermore, within the context of these concerns, a few speculative remarks on the likely future ofMuslim women in the Arab and African world are made, arguing that had Ba's life not been cut short so tragically, it is reasonable to suppose that she would, like ElSaadawi, have continued to advocate a holistic, healthy Muslim society, in which the humane treatment of women would prevail. Finally, in terms of the title Beyond the veil: Muslim women write back, an attempt has been made to show how both Ba and El-Saadawi strive by 'writing back' to move 'beyond' the veil, speaking out on behalf of fellow Muslim women in Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1999. / gm2014 / English / unrestricted

Tout en recourant à la méthode ethnographique, nous étudions, à travers cette thèse, les projets migratoires d'un ensemble d'immigrants haïtiens arrivés en France métropolitaine entre 1991 et 2011, les relations haïtiennes intracommunautaires dans la banlieue de Saint-Denis et les liens matériels et affectifs que nos enquêtés continuent de maintenir avec leur pays originel au-delà de leur double frustration liée à la déqualification professionnelle en France et à la peur de la réinstallation en Haïti. Doublement frustrés, la plupart d'entre eux se dirigent vers des églises protestantes et d'autres associations haïtiennes à Saint-Denis dans le but de pouvoir trouver une réponse à leurs difficultés migratoires. Toutefois, décevant ces derniers, ces églises s'érigent en espaces de résurgence d'oppositions interrégionales moun nan Nò/moun nan Sid (gens du Nord/gens du Sud) issues du pays d'origine. D'autres migrants empruntant par ailleurs le chemin du réseau maçonnique feraient l'expérience de l'unification communautaire. Par contre, au-delà de l'importante contribution du réseau maçonnique à l'unification des immigrants haïtiens, les oppositions interrégionales perdurent encore... Le morcellement communautaire et la régionalisation de l'organisation commerciale des immigrants haïtiens à Saint-Denis nous portent à avancer qu'ils constituent une communauté transnationale, et non une diaspora. L'expérience de l'émigration a fait tomber une représentation paradisiaque de l'ailleurs. Au cœur de leurs tiraillements, de nombreux Haïtiens déqualifiés et frustrés à Saint-Denis décident d'emprunter la voie d'une "re-haïtianisation" incapable de dépasser toutefois les clivages interrégionaux moun nan Nò/moun nan Sid. Notre thèse comporte quatre grandes parties. Elle s'articule autour de quatre grands objectifs. Quatre disciplines majeures (philosophie, sociologie, histoire et géographie) ont été mobilisées dans la construction de notre argumentation. / While using the ethnographic method, this thesis proposes to study the migratory projects of a group of Haitians who arrived in France between 1991 and 2011 and living in Saint-Denis, the intra-community Haitian relations in this suburb, and the material and emotional ties that the respondents continue to maintain with their original country beyond a double frustration linked to their professional deskilling and their fear of returning to Haiti. Doubly frustrated, most of the immigrants studied go to haitian protestant churches in order to be able to find an answer to their migratory difficulties. However, disappointing these immigrants, these churches are erected spaces resurgence inter-regional oppositions moun nan Nò / moun nan Sid (people of the North / people of the South) from the country of origin. Other migrants who are also moving towards the Masonic network would make an entirely different experience: the experience of community unification. On the other hand, beyond the eminent contribution of the Masonic network to the unification of immigrants, the inter-regional opposition persists. The fragmentation of communities and the regionalization of the commercial organization of Haitian immigrants in Saint-Denis lead us to argue that they constitute a transnational community, not a diaspora. The experience of emigration has brought down a paradise representation of elsewhere. During their tugging, the Haitians of Saint-Denis decide to take the path of a "re-haitianization" unable to exceed the regional divisions.

1 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA KATOLICKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra teologické etiky a spirituální teologie Zdenka Kovářová Myšlení a víra Otakara A. Fundy Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Ing. Prokop Sousedík, PhD. Praha 2018 2 Abstract This diploma thesis critically analyses the thinking of professor O. A. Funda who's work contributes to the problem of secularisation and moral resurgence. The work is divided into three parts, where the first section is presenting Funda's life as a whole picture, showing how his work developed over time, and introducing thinkers who influenced him. It is the second part that presents his thinking in depth on the back of two main subjects of his interests: rationality and transcendence. The last part is a critical analysis with the objective to evaluate whether or not professor managed to overcome the model rationality/transcendence with his own key: reality = complexity of complementarities and components in correlation, in continuity and in context. Keywords ethics, culture, Christianity, God, responsibility, belief, rationality, objectivity, humanity, life, existence, world, freedom, goodness, religion.

The thesis "Concept Responsibility to Protect Within International Community: Sudan Case Study" focuses on the R2P concept and its implications since its approval at the World Summit in 2005. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the R2P concept, its constitution, the three pillars and their main principles, and categories of crimes on which the concept can be applied. This section includes an analysis of attitudes, which the key international actors adopted towards the R2P. The last chapter of the theoretical part examines the main problems, challenges and difficulties of the concept which could the international community face when implementing the concept. The practical part of this thesis relates to the conflict in Darfur. Its first chapter deals with the evolution of tensions in Sudan, which had affected the current conflict. The second chapter focuses on the present conflict since its beginning in 2003, including the debate about the possibility of potential genocide committed by the Sudanese government. The involvement of the key international actors (the UNSC and AU) in the conflict is discussed in this part as well. Finally, the last part interconnects the concept through the three pillars with the conflict and; it evaluates functioning of the R2P in the case of Sudan. The evaluation...

No description available.

[pt] A pesquisa que realizamos fundamenta-se na herança espiritual-carismática de santo Aníbal Maria Di Francia e na doutrina espiritual de santa Teresa de Jesus. Aníbal Maria, através do carisma do Rogate, consagrou sua vida a Deus por meio de uma intensa vida de oração e união a Cristo expressa na caridade em prol dos mais necessitados. Fundou o Instituto das Filhas do Divino Zelo e deu o Rogate como caminho de salvação às suas religiosas e à messe que lhes é confiada. O fundador buscou iluminação para sua vida e para a vida de seu Instituto na espiritualidade carmelita. Em muitos de seus escritos aponta para os santos carmelitas como modelo de vida espiritual e apostólica. Dentre estes, damos destaque à proximidade com santa Teresa de Jesus, doutora da Igreja. Nos escritos da santa de Ávila, Aníbal encontra aspectos que impulsionam a espiritualidade e missão do Rogate. No percurso deste trabalho evidenciamos alguns destes aspectos que incidiram na vida do fundador e que hoje incidem diretamente na vida espiritual-carismática da Filha do Divino Zelo, ressignificando e iluminando o processo de conformação a Cristo dessas religiosas. Destacamos: a oração em santa Teresa, sua profunda contemplação sobre a Sagrada Humanidade de Cristo, o Matrimônio Espiritual, a caridade como reflexo do profundo trato de Amizade com o Divino Esposo, o amor à eucaristia e a Maria. Elementos que colaboram para que a Filha do Divino Zelo esteja sempre mais unida ao Divino Esposo e com Ele possa entregar a própria vida pela salvação das almas e para que a Ele se juntem sempre mais fortes amigos. / [en] The study we carry out is based on the spiritual-charismatic heritage of Saint Hannibal Mary Di Francia and on the spiritual doctrine of Saint Teresa of Jesus. Hannibal, through the charism of Rogate, consecrated his life to God through an intense life of prayer and union with Christ expressed in charity for the most needy. He founded the Institute of the Daughters of Divine Zeal and offered the Rogate as a way of salvation to his sisters and to the duty that is entrusted to them. The founder sought enlightenment for his life and for the life of his Institute in Carmelite spirituality. In many of his writings, he demonstrates the Carmelite saints as a model of spiritual and apostolic life. Among these, we highlight the proximity to St. Teresa of Jesus, Doctor of the Church. In the writings of the Saint of Avila, Hannibal finds aspects that boost Rogate s spirituality and mission. In the course of this study, we highlight some of these aspects that influenced the life of the founder and which today directly affect the spiritual-charismatic life of the Daughter of Divine Zeal, redefining and illuminating the process of conformation to Christ of these nuns. We highlight: prayer aspects in Saint Teresa, her profound contemplation of the Sacred Humanity of Christ, the Spiritual Marriage, charity as a reflection of the profound treatment of Friendship with the Divine Spouse, the love for the Eucharist and Mary. All these listed elements have collaborated so that the Daughter of the Divine Zeal is always more united to the Divine Spouse and with Him can surrender his own life for the salvation of souls in order to allow potential friends to seek God.

Three houses are presented in this book. Each house has been designed with distinct site parameters with the expectation that obvious differences in form would occur. The focus of this investigation lies within the significant parallels that exist between the projects and how those parallels relate to the principles that constitute a framework of operation for a designer. / Master of Architecture

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This dissertation analyzes the critique of charity and philanthropy implicit in Melville’s short fiction written for periodicals between 1853 and 1856. Melville utilized narrative and tone to conceal his opposition to prevailing ideologies and manipulated narrative structures to make the reader complicit in the problematic assumptions of a market economy. Integrating close readings with critical theory, I establish that Melville was challenging the new rhetoric of philanthropy that created a moral identity for wealthy men in industrial capitalist society. Through his short fiction, Melville exposed self-serving conduct and rationalizations when they masqueraded as civic-minded responses to the needs of the community. Melville was joining a public conversation about philanthropy and civic leadership in an American society that, in its pursuit of private wealth, he believed was losing touch with the democratic and civic ideals on which the nation had been founded. Melville’s objection was not with charitable giving; rather, he objected to its use as a diversion from honest reflection on one’s responsibilities to others.