<p>Datum: 2009-10-30</p><p>Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 hp</p><p>Författare: Annelie Källebo och Douglas Labrell</p><p>Handledare: Nazeem Sayed-Muhamed</p><p> </p><p>Titel: Etableringen av IBS Rental på uthyrningsmarknaden – en behovsanalys hos potentiella kunder på en företagsmarknad</p><p>Frågeställning: Hur ska IBS skapa hög kundnöjdhet med sin nya produkt IBS Rental?</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att, genom en behovsanalys, bidra till att ge IBS en bättre kännedom över dess potentiella kunders behov. Förhoppningen är att kunna ge rekommendationer om vad IBS bör göra för att skapa hög kundnöjdhet.</p><p>Metod: En studie av potentiella kunders behov med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med IBS potentiella kunder på uthyrningsmarknaden för byggmaskiner och utrustning.</p><p>Slutsats: För att skapa hög kundnöjdhet måste IBS främst utgå från de potentiella kundernas behov. På en företagsmarknad är varje kund unik och bör således ses som ett eget segment. Detta kombinerat med att kundernas behov funnits vara mycket differentierade gör det viktigt att IBS skräddarsyr produkten i största möjliga mån. Genom att tillfredställa kundernas behov beträffande system- informations- och servicekvalitet samt implementera lösningen framgångsrikt kan IBS skapa en hög kundnöjdhet genom produkten IBS Rental.</p>

Datum: 2009-10-30 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 hp Författare: Annelie Källebo och Douglas Labrell Handledare: Nazeem Sayed-Muhamed   Titel: Etableringen av IBS Rental på uthyrningsmarknaden – en behovsanalys hos potentiella kunder på en företagsmarknad Frågeställning: Hur ska IBS skapa hög kundnöjdhet med sin nya produkt IBS Rental? Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att, genom en behovsanalys, bidra till att ge IBS en bättre kännedom över dess potentiella kunders behov. Förhoppningen är att kunna ge rekommendationer om vad IBS bör göra för att skapa hög kundnöjdhet. Metod: En studie av potentiella kunders behov med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med IBS potentiella kunder på uthyrningsmarknaden för byggmaskiner och utrustning. Slutsats: För att skapa hög kundnöjdhet måste IBS främst utgå från de potentiella kundernas behov. På en företagsmarknad är varje kund unik och bör således ses som ett eget segment. Detta kombinerat med att kundernas behov funnits vara mycket differentierade gör det viktigt att IBS skräddarsyr produkten i största möjliga mån. Genom att tillfredställa kundernas behov beträffande system- informations- och servicekvalitet samt implementera lösningen framgångsrikt kan IBS skapa en hög kundnöjdhet genom produkten IBS Rental.

This works studies novel emergent quantum phases. Here, the local electronic structure of a spin-orbit assisted Mott insulator, Sr₂IrO₄ and of the member of the iron-based superconductors (IBS), Li doped NaFeAs, are investigated using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S).

<p>Denna uppsats behandlar den dolda folksjukdomen IBS och dess konsekvenser för individens sociala delaktighet. Syftet med studien är att studera individens upplevelse av delaktighet och erfarenhet av att leva med sjukdomen. IBS är en så kallad funktionell mag- och tarmsjukdom och står för Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Colon/Kolon irritabile), Irriterad tarm i svenskt tal och kännetecknas av återkommande eller kroniska symtom från mag- tarmkanalen. Medicinskt sett anses IBS vara en godartad sjukdom, men den kan vara besvärlig att leva med och ibland ge nästintill handlingsförlamande konsekvenser för individen och dennes sociala livsvärld. Forskarna vet inte orsaken bakom IBS och det finns inget medicinskt test som visar att det är IBS som en patient lider av, men man vet att individens sjukdomshistoria ofta är typisk och att sjukdomen är vanligast bland kvinnor. Av världens alla invånare lever det många människor med sjukdomen IBS, som kommit att bli en ny folksjukdom, då man beräknar att närmare 10-20 procent av den vuxna befolkningen har IBS. Individens upplevelse av vad som är normalt kontra avvikande när det gäller det friska och det sjuka visar en bild av hur samhället tycks vara skapat. Individens hälsotillstånd påverkar livskvaliteten och diagnosen bidrar till en förändrad identitet, och för varje individ som lever med IBS har begreppet delaktighet; att vara social med andra och i samhället i stort, fått en helt ny mening i och med deras sjukdom. <strong> </strong></p><p>Min förhoppning är att denna studie ska uppmärksamma läsaren kring den nya folksjukdomen IBS och hur den påverkar individens sociala liv.</p><p> </p> / <p>This essay deals with the new widespread disease IBS and its consequences for the social participation of the individual. The purpose of the study is to look at the experience of social participation of the individual and her experience of living with this disease. IBS is a so-called dynamic/functional belly- and intestinal disease, which stands for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and is symbolized by recurrent or chronical symptom from the belly- and intestinal canal. From a medical view IBS is considered as a benign disease, but it can be tricky to live with and sometimes give heavy problems for the individual and its social life. The scientists doesn`t know what the cause is behind the disease and it doesn`t exist any medical test who can prove that a patient is suffering by IBS, but they do know that the case-history of the individual is very typical and that the disease is more common among women. From a social view studies show that the social life of the individual is strongly affected, and that the identity and how she look at normalcy/variation is no longer the same as it was when she was healthy. For every individual whos is living with this disease has also the concept of participation; to be social with other people and in society at large, got a whole new meaning as a result of their disease.</p>

Denna uppsats behandlar den dolda folksjukdomen IBS och dess konsekvenser för individens sociala delaktighet. Syftet med studien är att studera individens upplevelse av delaktighet och erfarenhet av att leva med sjukdomen. IBS är en så kallad funktionell mag- och tarmsjukdom och står för Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Colon/Kolon irritabile), Irriterad tarm i svenskt tal och kännetecknas av återkommande eller kroniska symtom från mag- tarmkanalen. Medicinskt sett anses IBS vara en godartad sjukdom, men den kan vara besvärlig att leva med och ibland ge nästintill handlingsförlamande konsekvenser för individen och dennes sociala livsvärld. Forskarna vet inte orsaken bakom IBS och det finns inget medicinskt test som visar att det är IBS som en patient lider av, men man vet att individens sjukdomshistoria ofta är typisk och att sjukdomen är vanligast bland kvinnor. Av världens alla invånare lever det många människor med sjukdomen IBS, som kommit att bli en ny folksjukdom, då man beräknar att närmare 10-20 procent av den vuxna befolkningen har IBS. Individens upplevelse av vad som är normalt kontra avvikande när det gäller det friska och det sjuka visar en bild av hur samhället tycks vara skapat. Individens hälsotillstånd påverkar livskvaliteten och diagnosen bidrar till en förändrad identitet, och för varje individ som lever med IBS har begreppet delaktighet; att vara social med andra och i samhället i stort, fått en helt ny mening i och med deras sjukdom.   Min förhoppning är att denna studie ska uppmärksamma läsaren kring den nya folksjukdomen IBS och hur den påverkar individens sociala liv. / This essay deals with the new widespread disease IBS and its consequences for the social participation of the individual. The purpose of the study is to look at the experience of social participation of the individual and her experience of living with this disease. IBS is a so-called dynamic/functional belly- and intestinal disease, which stands for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and is symbolized by recurrent or chronical symptom from the belly- and intestinal canal. From a medical view IBS is considered as a benign disease, but it can be tricky to live with and sometimes give heavy problems for the individual and its social life. The scientists doesn`t know what the cause is behind the disease and it doesn`t exist any medical test who can prove that a patient is suffering by IBS, but they do know that the case-history of the individual is very typical and that the disease is more common among women. From a social view studies show that the social life of the individual is strongly affected, and that the identity and how she look at normalcy/variation is no longer the same as it was when she was healthy. For every individual whos is living with this disease has also the concept of participation; to be social with other people and in society at large, got a whole new meaning as a result of their disease.

La technologie des microbolomètres est à ce jour la plus avancée pour l'imagerie IR non refroidie. Le LETI développe une technologie basée sur l'utilisation du silicium amorphe comme matériau thermistor. L'introduction d'un matériau alternatif doit permettre de poursuivre l'amélioration des performances. Cette étude considère une solution alternative à base de films minces d'oxydes nanocristallins. Deux procédés sont envisagés : le dépôt IBS et le dépôt MOCVD. L'étude des procédés ainsi que la caractérisation des matériaux ont permis la maîtrise et la compréhension des évolutions structurales et fonctionnelles mises en jeux. Des caractérisations électriques (résistivité, TCR, bruit en 1/f) sur dispositifs ont permis de débattre de l'intérêt de ces nouveaux matériaux. Une réflexion a été menée sur les relations microstructure-propriétés. / Microbolometers FPAs are nowadays the most advanced technology for uncooled IR imaging. Developments at CEA-LETI are based on the use of amorphous silicon as thermistor material. Introduction of an alternative material is necessary to keep on improving detectors performances. This study considersnanocrystalline oxides thin films as an alternative material. Two deposition techniques have been studied : IBS and MOCVD. Process studies as well as materials characterizations allowed us to control and understand the involved micro-structural evolutions. Electrical characterizations (resistivity, TCR, 1/f noise) on integrated devices were achievedin order to estimate the potential of these new materials. Microstructure-property relationships are also discussed.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) är en av de vanligaste diagnostiserade GI-tillstånden idag och är en störning av gastrointestinalkanalen (GI-kanalen). Det finns inget botemedel mot IBS på grund av att patogenesen är oklar och därför är fokusen symtomlindring vid behandling.  De vanligaste symtom som förekommer är buksmärta, obehag i buk, uppblåsthet, utspänd buk och förändring av avföringens konsistens och frekvens. Patofysiologin är inte fullt klarlagd men en rubbning i tarm-hjärn-axeln kan leda till förändring i GI-rörelser. Neurotransmittorerna noradrenalin och serotonin (5-HT) är troligen viktiga faktorer för patofysiologin kopplad till tarm-hjärn-axeln. Syftet var att undersöka effektiviteten och säkerheten för de antidepressiva läkemedlen vid behandling av IBS. De antidepressiva som undersöktes i arbetet var tianeptin, amitriptylin, escitalopram, venlafaxin, vortioxetin och mirtazapin. De fem artiklarna som användes i detta arbete upptäcktes med hjälp av databaserna Pubmed och Onesearch. Sökord som användes var ”IBS” AND ”antidepressants” och ”IBS” AND ”SSRI”.  Alla antidepressiva visade en signifikant förbättring för livskvalitén hos deltagarna i studierna. Tianeptin, amitriptylin, escitalopram, venlafaxin och mirtazapin undersökte förändring av buksmärta och alla hade en signifikant förbättring förutom escitalopram. Escitalopram jämfördes mot rektal ballongutvidgning vid behandling hos IBS med förstoppning (IBS-C). Ballongutvidgningen visade bättre resultat än escitalopram och denna jämförelse gör det svårt att dra någon slutsats om escitalopram i arbetet. Amitriptylin, tianeptin och mirtazapin undersökte förändring av avföringskonsistensesn och frekvensen och visade en signifikant förbättring hos IBS med diarré (IBS-D). Venlafaxin visade signifikant förbättring för både lös och hård avföringsfrekvens och studerade ingen specifik IBS-grupp. Vortioxetin undersökte alla IBS-grupper och endast förändring av livskvalitén, depression och ångest vilket också gör det svårt att dra slutsats om effekt hos IBS. Det var inga av de depressiva medlen som gav allvarliga biverkningar, dock kan vissa biverkningar tolkas som mer obehagliga än andra. För vissa antidepressiva var det deltagare som avslutade studien på grund av biverkningar. Amitriptylin, tianeptin, venlafaxin vortioxetin och mirtazapin visade alla god effekt och säkerhet. Om effektiviteten ock säkerheten jämförs bland dessa har tianeptin det bästa resultatet. / Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most diagnosed conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract today and is a disorder of the GI tract. There is no cure for IBS, which is probably due to the fact that the pathogenesis is unclear, and therefore the focus has been a symptom-relieving treatment. The most common symptoms that occur are abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, bloating, distension of the abdomen, and change in the consistency and frequency of the stool. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, but a disorder of the gut-brain axis can lead to a change in GI movements. The neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) are probably important factors for pathophysiology and linked to the gut-brain axis.  The aim was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of antidepressants used in IBS treatment. The antidepressants examined in this literature were tianeptine, amitriptyline, escitalopram, venlafaxine, vortioxetine, and mirtazapine. The five articles on which current litter tour work is based were obtained using the PubMed and OneSearch databases. Keywords used were "IBS" AND "antidepressants" and "IBS" AND "SSRI."  All the antidepressants examined showed a significant improvement in the participants' quality of life in the studies. The studies also examined changes in abdominal pain using tianeptine, amitriptyline, escitalopram, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine. All participants showed a significant improvement and reduced abdominal pain except when ingesting escitalopram. Intake of escitalopram was compared against rectal balloon enlargement as a treatment for IBS with constipation (IBS-C). The balloon expansion showed better results than escitalopram, and this comparison makes it difficult to draw any conclusion about escitalopram and its actual effect in different types of IBS. Amitriptyline, tianeptine, and mirtazapine investigated stool consistency and stool frequency changes and showed a significant improvement in these symptoms in IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). Venlafaxine showed significant improvement for both loose and hard stool frequency; however, no specific IBS group was studied in this study. When ingesting vortioxetine, all different IBS groups and changes in quality of life, depression, and anxiety were examined, making it difficult to conclude about the effect of the drug in IBS. None of the antidepressant medicines produced severe side effects. However, some side effects can be interpreted as more unpleasant than others, and hence there was some loss during some studies.  Amitriptyline, tianeptine, venlafaxine vortioxetine, and mirtazapine showed good efficacy and safety. If the effectiveness and safety were to be compared between these drugs, tianeptine would be the first choice in treating IBS.

Background - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a poorly understood functional gastrointestinal disorder and is a major cause of abdominal discomfort and gut dysfunction. IBS symptoms encompass abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence and irregular bowel movements such as constipation, diarrhoea and alternating bowels, bloating, flatulence and irregular bowel movements. Physiological studies have shown that manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by antibiotics, prebiotics or probiotics can affect intestinal functions in the pathogenesis of IBS. The probiotic concept suggests that supplementation of the intestinal microbiota with the right type and number of live microorganisms can improve gut microbiota composition and promote health in IBS sufferers. Aim - The aim of the main clinical trial is to determine whether ingestion of fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173010 is associated with improved defecation frequency, stool consistency and quality of life in black South African females with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). Methods - A pilot and process evaluation approach was employed during the current study to examine and understand the feasibility of implementing the study and to explore the facilitating implementation of the main clinical trial. Twenty black female participants, aged 18-60, with IBS-C were recruited from the practices of gastroenterologists, specialist physicians and medical doctors in Soweto. Participants fulfilling the Rome III criteria for IBS-C and inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups to participate in a 4-week, double blind, placebo controlled study. The placebo group received unflavoured sweetened, white base yoghurt and the intervention group received similar yoghurt with the probiotic, Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173010 [>3,4X10⁷ CFU/g]. Participants were required to record their bowel movements daily and IBS symptoms weekly in questionnaires during the four-week study period. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Participants visited the study unit weekly to collect the placebo or probiotic study products and return the completed questionnaires during the study period. Results - Seventeen participants completed the study (eight intervention and nine placebo). There were not significant differences in IBS symptoms between the two groups, but differences were observed overtime within groups. The severity of abdominal pain score within both groups was statistically significant (p=0.004), and the number of days with pain was also statistically significant (p=0.00001). The frequency of normal stools reported was statistically significant different compared to all the other stool types (constipation and loose stools) throughout the four-week study period in both the intervention and placebo group. There was no significant difference in the quality of life between the intervention group compared to the placebo group. Conclusion - Process evaluation allows for the monitoring of a programme and corrections of problems as they occur. The intervention is feasible to implement, acceptable and safe to participants. The study indicates that consumption of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173010 for four weeks is not superior to the placebo in relieving IBS symptoms. / MSc (Dietetics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Background - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a poorly understood functional gastrointestinal disorder and is a major cause of abdominal discomfort and gut dysfunction. IBS symptoms encompass abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence and irregular bowel movements such as constipation, diarrhoea and alternating bowels, bloating, flatulence and irregular bowel movements. Physiological studies have shown that manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by antibiotics, prebiotics or probiotics can affect intestinal functions in the pathogenesis of IBS. The probiotic concept suggests that supplementation of the intestinal microbiota with the right type and number of live microorganisms can improve gut microbiota composition and promote health in IBS sufferers. Aim - The aim of the main clinical trial is to determine whether ingestion of fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173010 is associated with improved defecation frequency, stool consistency and quality of life in black South African females with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). Methods - A pilot and process evaluation approach was employed during the current study to examine and understand the feasibility of implementing the study and to explore the facilitating implementation of the main clinical trial. Twenty black female participants, aged 18-60, with IBS-C were recruited from the practices of gastroenterologists, specialist physicians and medical doctors in Soweto. Participants fulfilling the Rome III criteria for IBS-C and inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups to participate in a 4-week, double blind, placebo controlled study. The placebo group received unflavoured sweetened, white base yoghurt and the intervention group received similar yoghurt with the probiotic, Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173010 [>3,4X10⁷ CFU/g]. Participants were required to record their bowel movements daily and IBS symptoms weekly in questionnaires during the four-week study period. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Participants visited the study unit weekly to collect the placebo or probiotic study products and return the completed questionnaires during the study period. Results - Seventeen participants completed the study (eight intervention and nine placebo). There were not significant differences in IBS symptoms between the two groups, but differences were observed overtime within groups. The severity of abdominal pain score within both groups was statistically significant (p=0.004), and the number of days with pain was also statistically significant (p=0.00001). The frequency of normal stools reported was statistically significant different compared to all the other stool types (constipation and loose stools) throughout the four-week study period in both the intervention and placebo group. There was no significant difference in the quality of life between the intervention group compared to the placebo group. Conclusion - Process evaluation allows for the monitoring of a programme and corrections of problems as they occur. The intervention is feasible to implement, acceptable and safe to participants. The study indicates that consumption of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173010 for four weeks is not superior to the placebo in relieving IBS symptoms. / MSc (Dietetics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

In a population prevalence questionnaire study we demonstrated that constipation and fecal incontinence are common problems in the general Swedish population with a similar magnitude as in other Western countries. 95.6% of the population had between three bowel movements per day and three per week. Constipation was mostly defined by “hard stools” and “the need of using laxatives”. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain/discomfort and abnormal bowel habits. The diagnostic criteria of IBS are based on clinical symptoms. Division of IBS patients into symptom subgroups appears important as their bowel symptoms are characterized by heterogeneity. International criteria to subgroup IBS (Rome II) are based on expert consensus and not on evidence. We investigated the variation of stool consistency and defecatory symptoms in 135 IBS patients by symptom diary cards. Most patients had alternating stool consistency. When subgroups were based on stool consistency, all kinds of defecatory symptoms (straining, urgency, and feeling of incomplete evacuations) were frequently present in all subgroups. Stool frequency was in the normal range in the majority of patients. We propose that IBS subgroups should be based on stool consistency. We suggest that Rome II supportive criteria must be reconsidered as the determination of presence or absence of specific symptoms does not work as an instrument for categorization of IBS patients into diarrhoea- and constipation-predominant. We also propose that abnormal stool frequency should be excluded to define subgroups of IBS. Alternating stool consistency and presence of different defecatory symptoms, regardless of stool consistency should be included as criteria for IBS. Stress is known to play an important role in the onset and modulation of IBS symptoms. From experimental studies there is evidence for a stress-dependent alteration of visceral sensitivity. The biological mechanisms responsible for the causal link between stress and IBS symptoms are not completely understood, but the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the autonomous nervous system seem to play a prominent role in the pathophysiology of IBS. We investigated visceral sensitivity and the effect of repeated maximal tolerable rectal distensions on salivary cortisol levels and skin conductance in patients with IBS, chronic constipation and healthy volunteers. We found that the expectancy of the experimental situation per se (provocation of bowel symptoms by rectal distensions) compared to non-experimental days at home measured as salivary cortisol had a high impact on the level of arousal in IBS. IBS patients had higher skin conductance values than controls in the beginning of distension series and lower rectal thresholds for first sensation, urge and discomfort than healthy controls and constipation patients. IBS patients demonstrated habituation to repeated subjective maximal tolerable rectal distensions according to sympathetic activity although patients continued to rate their discomfort as maximal. Constipation patients had lower sympathetic activity than IBS patients before and during repeated rectal distensions. None of the groups demonstrated a significant increase in cortisol after repetitive rectal distensions. We conclude that Rome II supportive criteria for IBS should be reconsidered according to our findings. IBS patients are more sensitive to pre-experimental stress than healthy controls and patients with constipation. This should be considered in the design of experimental IBS studies. IBS patients habituated to subjective maximal tolerable, repetitive rectal distensions with decreasing sympathetic activity. Since responses to repeated stimuli of close-to-pain intensities are resistant to habituation this finding could be caused by psychological influences on perception, that is, perceptual response bias.