La presente investigación tiene como objetivo primordial caracterizar la percepción que tienen los Directivos de la Dirección Regional, Hospitales y Centros de Salud del Departamento de Ica, respecto al Modelo de Atención Integral de Salud, mediante una comprensión holística y constructiva del fenómeno, a la par diferenciada entre estratos muestrales. La investigación posee un abordaje cualitativo; puede ser tipificada como comunicacional, prospectiva y transversal; corresponde a un diseño de teoría fundamentada; y, posee un nivel exploratorio. Se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada, la misma que fue aplicada a una muestra homogénea no aleatoria, conformada por 17 Directivos del Ministerio de Salud de Ica, conformada por 02 Directivos de la Dirección Regional, 10 Directivos de Hospitales (2 del Hospital Regional y 8 de Hospitales de Provincias), y 05 Jefes de Centros de Salud. La recogida de información estuvo a cargo de 06 encuestadores debidamente calibrados. Se utilizó asimismo un procesamiento y análisis interactivos e imbricados con la recolección, apelando al método de teoría fundamentada, para codificar, categorizar y explicar los hallazgos. El análisis cualitativo operativizado a través de un sistema de matrices y la organización cuantitativa expresada en tablas y gráficas han permitido arribar a resultados interesantes como el hecho de que los Directivos de la Dirección Regional tienen una percepción más congruente del MAIS (100%); los Directivos del Hospital Regional han exhibido una percepción parcialmente congruente y no congruente (10%). Los Directivos de Hospitales de Provincias, aunque mostraron apreciaciones impropias en un 20%, han tenido una percepción parcialmente congruente en el 50% de los casos. Los Directivos de Centros de salud revelaron una percepción mayormente no congruente con el 60%, y parcialmente congruente con el 40%. Palabras claves: Modelo de Atención Integral de Salud – MAIS. / The present research has as primordial objective to characterize the perception that have the Directives of the Regional Direction, Hospitals and Centers of Health of the Department of Ica, regarding the Pattern of Integral Attention of Health, trough a holistic and constructive understanding of the phenomenon, at the same time differ among sample stratum. The investigation has a qualitative boarding; it can be tipificada like comunicacional, prospective, traverse, and comparative; it corresponds to a grounded theory design; and, it possesses exploratory level. A semi-structured interview, was used that was applied to a homogeneous aleatory sample, conformed by 17 Directives of the Ministry of Health of Ica, conformed by 02 Directives of the Regional Address, 10 Directives of Hospitals (2 Regional and 8 Provincias) and 05 Bosses of Centers of Health. The collection of information was in charge of 06 properly gauged searchers. A prosecution and interactive and imbricate analysis also with the gathering, appealing to the method of grounded theory, to code, categorize and o explains the discoveries. The analysis qualitative operativizado through a system of wombs and the quantitative organization expressed in charts and graphs have allowed to arrive to interesting results as the fact that the Directives of the Regional Address have a more guessed right perception of the MAIS (100%); the Directives of the Regional Hospitals have exhibited an equally incomplete and mislead perception (10%). The Directives of Hospitals, although they showed mistaken appreciations in 20%, they have had a mostly incomplete perception in 50% of the cases. The Directives of Centers of health revealed a mostly misleading perception with 60%, and minorly incomplete with 40%. Key words: Integral Attendance of Health Model - IAHM.

The purpose was to investigate how the retailer ICA could transfer its brand equity when rebranding its low price private label product Euroshopper. The study also had the intention to look at the outcome of the rebranding process through examining how customers’ brand perception and their behavior was influenced by the rebranding. What made it interesting to conduct this study was that there has been a lack in research that considers rebranding and the role of brand equity in such a process. Brand equity is a very important asset for companies, since it creates value for the customers that they use as information base when making decisions. A quantitative survey was conducted and the conclusion from it is that strong brand equity can be transferred to a product that once had a negative image and that perception can be replaced by a stronger brand image.

El principal interés del presente estudio es empezar a llenar el vacío en la arqueología del valle de Pisco, aportando a la cronología del valle así como al conocimiento de las diferentes manifestaciones culturales que se dieron durante fines del Periodo Intermedio Temprano e inicios del Horizonte Medio en el sitio Miraflores 3A. Es nuestro propósito definir los cambios en la arquitectura, estilos cerámicos y en los comportamientos funerarios a partir de la secuencia estratigráfica registrada en el sitio. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose da Assuncao Gomes Mendes.pdf: 1427998 bytes, checksum: 6d9df0350d0b7acb752ecadbcfc1825d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-19 / The performance of speech recognition systems is commonly degraded by either speech-related disabilities or by real-world factors such as the environment s noise level and reverberation. In this research, we propose a subvocal speech recognition system based on electromyography (EMG signal) for subvocal acquisition, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for feature extraction and Neural Networks MLP for classification. We have evaluated the system s performance using a subvocal vowel phonemes database. According to the results, the methodology proposed obtained a success rate of 93.99%. / O desempenho dos sistemas de reconhecimento da fala é comumente degradado por incapacidades relacionadas com a fala ou por através de fatores do mundo real tais como nível de ruído do ambiente e reverberação. Nesta pesquisa, nós propomos um sistema de reconhecimento subvocal da fala. Este sistema é baseado em Eletromiografia de superfície (sinal EMG) para aquisição de dados subvocais, Análise de Componentes Independentes (ICA) para extração das características e Rede Neural MLP para classificação. Nós avaliamos o desempenho do sistema usando um banco de dados dos fonemas das vogais subvocais. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a metodologia proposta obteve uma taxa de sucesso de 93,99%.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aryfrance Rocha.PDF: 1042995 bytes, checksum: 91f3c0dd1f6d851ec15f8046276540d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-19 / Some methods of fault location in transmission lines have been considered in literature, of which we detach the methods based on the crossed correlation, transformed wavelet and the use of neural networks. This work presents an alternative method based upon of independent components analysis (ICA) to localize the distance at which singlephase, two-phase, two-phase grounding and three-phase faults occur in a 500 kV transmission systems starting from different angles of fault incidence at different distances along the line together with fault signals or traveling waves subject to other perturbations unrelated with the desired fault signal at the fault distance placement. Simulations results of a 500 kV high voltage transmission system got with the software Alternative transients program (ATP) show that the proposed methodology implemented with Matlab is a rather efficient tool for various fault types location. / Vários métodos de localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão têm sido propostos na literatura, dos quais podemos destacar os métodos baseados na correlação cruzada, na transformada wavelet e no uso de redes neurais. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar um método alternativo baseado na utilização de análise de componentes independentes (ICA) para localizar a distância de faltas monofásicas, bifásicas, bifásicasterra e trifásicas em um sistema de transmissão de 500 kV, a partir de diferentes ângulos de incidência de falta em diferentes distâncias ao longo da linha de transmissão e com os sinais de faltas ou ondas viajantes submetidas a outras perturbações não correlacionadas com o sinal de falta desejado na localização da distância da falta. De acordo com os resultados obtidos com a simulação de um sistema de transmissão de 500 kV de alta tensão pelo software ATP (Alternative Transient Program) mostram que a metodologia proposta implementada através do software Matlab é uma ferramenta bastante eficiente na localização de faltas para todos os tipos de faltas.

Studien syftar till att få en ökad förståelse kring hur företag använder sig av kommunikationsstrategier relaterade till hållbarhet för att lyckas påverka konsumenten. Mer precist studeras Ica och Apotekets reklamfilmer då dessa företag anses vara två av de mest hållbara företagen enligt svenska konsumenter. För att kunna utläsa vilka strategier som används samt se hur företagen utnyttjar sin position som samhällsaktörer används multimodal kritisk diskursanalys (MCDA) som teori och metod. Det teoretiska ramverket är även utökat med forskning om reklam, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) och övertalningsstrategier. Med hjälp av MCDA analyseras reklamfilmerna djupgående där både verbal och visuell text granskas. Som stöd används ett analysschema baserat på frågor som grundar sig i det teoretiska ramverket. Frågorna bidrar till en systematisk granskning av materialet och agerar stöd för tematiseringen av analysresultatet. Analysen tyder på att det finns en gemensam diskurs mellan studieobjektens sätt att bygga sin marknadskommunikation. Humor och känslor i allmänhet är centralt i materialet och de visuella valen bidrar till associationer kring hållbarhet och hälsa, utan att detta nämns uttryckligen. Både Apoteket och Ica uppfyller de etiska och filantropiska nivåerna av ansvarstagande utifrån mottagarens perspektiv. Gemensamt för de båda företagen är att konsumenten tvingas engagera sig för att Apoteket eller Ica ska kunna ta sitt ansvar. Trots detta positionerar företagen sig själva som goda medborgare som tar på sig extra ansvar och arbete. / The aim of this study is to gain a greater understanding of how companies use different communication strategies related to sustainability in order to affect the consumers’ perceptions. More precisely it is the commercials of two Swedish companies, Apoteket and Ica, that are being studied. The companies have both been awarded as the top most sustainable companies in Sweden according to Swedish consumers. In order to acknowledge which strategies are being used and to investigate how the companies take advantage of their position as authorities a multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) is being used both as theory and method. The study’s theoretical framework is enhanced with research regarding advertising, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and persuasion strategies. The commercials are profoundly examined using MCDA where both language and visual signs are being studied. Research questions based on the theoretical framework are being used in order to review the material systematically and create thematic schemes. The result indicates that common discourses exist in how the companies communicate with the public. Humour and emotions are central in the material and the visual choices contribute with associations regarding sustainability and health despite being expressed clearly. Apoteket and Ica fulfil the ethical and philanthropic stages of responsibility from the recipient’s perspective. Commonly for the two companies are the fact that the consumers are forced to engage in order for Ica and Apoteket to take their responsibility. Nonetheless the companies position themselves as good citizens who take responsibility for their businesses.

Según el estudio realizado sobre el pasado histórico de la ciudad y sus atracciones culturales; la gran concurrencia de turistas nacionales y extranjeros que visitan el lugar y sobre todo la población residente, se encontró que en la zona no existe infraestructura ni espacios públicos que apropiadas para diversas actividades culturales que imposibilita que ésta tenga un desarrollo en su formación y difusión de la cultura dentro y fuera de la ciudad. Para contrarrestar la carencia en infraestructura se propone un proyecto arquitectónico de uso cultural que aborde programas y actividades en espacios semipúblicos y públicos al aire libre, que dinamice la cultura y recreación por medio de la interacción de la población residente del lugar, los visitantes y turistas, que servirá para reconocer la gran riqueza y diversidad cultural que se alberga, dando visibilidad a expresiones artísticas, talleres, fotografías y audiovisuales, exposiciones, difusión de libros, etc.; para así rescatar los valores más preciosos de un pueblo, que es su tradición, cultura y folklore, dentro de un espacio moderno y creativo que se adapte a las necesidades de la época.

Frågeställning: Vad motiverar ICA Gruppen respektive MAXI-butikerna till hållbarhetsarbete och hur skiljer sig deras hållbarhetsmål åt? Hur integreras ICA Gruppens hållbarhetsarbete i de olika MAXI-butikerna? Vilka strategier kännetecknar ICA Gruppens och MAXI-butikernas hållbarhetsarbete? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva samverkan mellan ICA Gruppens och mellansveriges handlarägda MAXI-butikers hållbarhetsarbete. Metod: Denna kvalitativa uppsats med en abduktiv ansats, baseras på primärdata från fem separata intervjuer med chefer från fyra olika MAXI-butiker och en hållbarhetsansvarig på ICA:s huvudkontor. Förutom intervjuer har vetenskapliga artiklar med relevanta teorier, forskningsrapporter inom hållbarhetsarbete och adekvat litteratur studerats. För att utvärdera resultatet, har det empiriska materialet analyserats genom kodning. Slutsats: Både ICA Gruppen och MAXI-butikerna har ekonomiska såväl som filantropiska incitament för hållbarhetsarbetet. Det som skiljer dem åt är att butikernas hållbarhetsarbete främst sker i dess närmiljö med konsumenten i åtanke medan ICA Gruppen vill göra en insats för världen. Genom dialog och demokratiska processer sätts gemensamma mål upp. Det finns riktlinjer och olika digitala verktyg samt coacher för att hjälpa butikerna i arbetet. I butikerna sker hållbarhetsinitiativen mer spontant än hos ICA Gruppen. Där är arbetet mer långsiktigt och strategiskt med en tanke på hur varumärket kan stärkas. / Research questions: What motivates ICA Gruppen and the MAXI stores for their sustainability efforts and how do their sustainability goals differ? How do the sustainability efforts of ICA Gruppen integrate throughout the Maxi stores? What strategies characterize the sustainability efforts of ICA Gruppen and the MAXI stores? Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the interaction between ICA Gruppen and the independent MAXI stores of central Sweden, concerning their sustainability efforts. Method: This qualitative study with an abductive approach is based on primary data from five separate interviews with corporate managers of four MAXI stores and one of the CSR managers at the head office of the organisation. In addition to the interviews, scientific articles on relevant theories, research reports on sustainability efforts, and adequate literature have been studied. In order to evaluate the results, the empirical data has been analysed by coding. Conclusion: Both ICA Gruppen and the MAXI stores have financial as well as philanthropic incentives for their sustainability efforts. What differs is that the CSR efforts of the stores take place in the immediate vicinity of the customer, while ICA Gruppen wants to make an effort for the world. Through dialogue and democratic processes, common goals are set. There are guidelines and various digital tools as well as coaches to assist the stores. The stores’ CSR initiatives take place more spontaneously than at ICA Gruppen, where the work is more long-term and strategic, with a view on how the brand can be strengthened.

In the now hyper-arid desert of the south coast of Peru, the natural desiccation of human remains provides a rare and unique opportunity for detailed study into the dietary practices of the people that once lived there. My research investigates the changing subsistence strategies of four groups from the lower Ica Valley from the Early Horizon to the Late Intermediate Period. This area witnessed a dynamic history over this 1500-year time frame, including the emergence and collapse of the Nasca, the spread of influence by the highland Wari empire and the local development of the Ica-Chincha trading society. Yet very little is known about the daily life of the individuals who inhabited this area. By reconstructing their diets it has been possible to examine the economic and land use practices they used as well as the ways in which they created and maintained social relationships using food. Mummified human remains (bone, teeth, hair and skin) from the four Pre-Columbian groups - Late Ocucaje (c.100 B.C.-200 A.D.), Late Nasca (c.450-650 A.D.), Wari (c.800-1000 A.D.) and Ica-Chincha (c.1200-1400 A.D.) - have been analysed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The combination of multiple tissues has allowed analysis at the intra-individual as well as the intra- and inter-group levels creating a detailed and nuanced dietary reconstruction that incorporates dietary information about childhood, adulthood and over a short-term (monthly) period. The analysis of multiple tissues from the mummified remains has allowed a critical evaluation of the isotopic relationship between different tissues from the same individuals as well as their use for reconstructing dietary life histories. A review of all tissue isotopic comparisons including the data from this research shows that the relationships are difficult to constrain. The carbon and nitrogen isotope data show that terrestrial resources, both plant and animal, were the mainstay of the diet in all four periods. Maize was of varying importance over the time frame, with its contribution to the diet increasing over time. Marine resources did not contribute significantly to the diet, despite their abundance in the middens. The strongest case for social differentiation using food is from the Middle Horizon results, which show a high diversity between groups in terms of dietary choice and do not conform to the hypothesis based on the rich botanical data from the valley. From the observations from all four periods the existing theories about the socio-economic structure of the south coast have been critically evaluated in light of this new evidence.

Biofilmes de estafilococos têm se tornado uma das grandes preocupações da indústria de lácteos, principalmente em decorrência do ritmo de produção intenso, automação das plantas de processamento e exigência cada vez maior quanto à qualidade microbiológica de leite e derivados. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar cepas de S. aureus potencialmente produtoras de biofilmes isoladas de 3 laticínios produtores de queijo Minas frescal, avaliar a influência da temperatura e da superfície de contato (aço inoxidável e polipropileno) no processo de adesão bacteriana, bem como a eficácia de um protocolo simulado de limpeza e sanificação na remoção das células aderidas. Para as análises genotípicas pesquisaram-se os genes icaA e icaD nos isolados, relacionados à produção de polissacarídeos de adesão celular e exopolissacarídeos da matriz de biofilmes. Os ensaios de biofilmes foram realizados em cupons incubados em um reator de biofilmes, comparando-se a adesão frente a duas temperaturas (5°C e 35°C), duas superfícies (aço inoxidável e polipropileno) e quatro tempos de contato (3, 6, 12 horas e após processo de limpeza e sanificação). Para avaliação da eficácia do processo na remoção das células aderidas, foram utilizados detergente neutro (3,5% v/v) e sanificante à base de hipoclorito de sódio (1000 mg.L-1), de modo a simular a situação observada em um dos laticínios estudados. Foi detectada a presença dos genes icaA e icaD em 74% e 77% dos isolados, respectivamente; 70% dos isolados apresentaram ambos os genes, enquanto 19% não apresentaram nenhum. O número de células aderidas em ambas as superfícies foi em torno de 3 e 6 log10 UFC.cm-2 nas temperaturas de 5°C e 35°C, respectivamente, para a maioria das situações avaliadas, com aumento significativo no decorrer dos períodos avaliados. De maneira geral, a temperatura de 35°C favoreceu uma maior adesão de S. aureus. A 5°C, houve considerável número de células aderidas, mas em populações significativamente inferiores às observadas a 35°C. O protocolo de limpeza e sanificação mostrou-se ineficaz na remoção das células aderidas; uma melhor atuação do hipoclorito de sódio foi observada a 5°C, o que deve estar relacionado à menor adesão observada nessa temperatura. De qualquer forma, o processo não foi capaz de reduzir a níveis seguros a quantidade de S. aureus aderida a ambas as superfícies, nas condições avaliadas. O estudo demonstrou a capacidade de adesão de S. aureus isolados de laticínios em superfícies comumente encontradas na produção de queijo Minas frescal, situação que pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de biofilmes em equipamentos e utensílios, conferindo risco à saúde dos consumidores. / Staphylococci biofilms have become a major concern for the dairy industry, mainly due to the intensive production flow, automation of processing plants and increased demand on the microbiological quality of dairy products. This study aims to identify isolated S. aureus strains potentially producers of biofilms from 3 dairies of Minas fresh cheese, evaluate the influence of temperature and the contact surface (stainless steel and polypropylene) in the bacterial adhesion process, as well as the efficacy of an hygiene and sanitation simulated protocol in removing the adhered cells. For genotypic analyzes, the presence of icaA and icaD in strains were sought related to polysaccharide production in cell adhesion and exopolysaccharide of biofilm matrix. Biofilms trials were performed in biofilm coupons incubated in biofilm reactor, comparing the adhesion with two temperatures (5°C and 35°C), two surfaces (stainless steel and polypropylene) and four contact times (3, 6, 12 hours and after cleaning and sanitizing process). To evaluate the process effectiveness in removing the adhered cells, neutral detergent (3.5% v/v) and sanitizing based on sodium hypochlorite (1000 mg.L-1) were used in order to simulate the observed situation in one of the dairy products studied. The presence of icaA and icaD genes was detected in 74% and 77% of strains, respectively; 70% of the isolates showed both genes, whereas 19% of it showed no genes. The number of cells adhered on both surfaces was about 3 and 6 log10 FCU.cm-2 in temperatures of 5 °C and 35 °C, respectively, for most situations evaluated, with a significant increase over the evaluation period. In general, the temperature of 35°C favored a greater adherence of S. aureus. At 5°C, there was a considerable number of adhered cells, but in populations significantly lower than those observed at 35°C. The cleaning and sanitizing protocol was ineffective in removing adhered cells; a better performance of sodium hypochlorite was observed at 5°C, which should be related to lower adherence observed at this temperature. At all, the process was not able to reduce the amount of S. aureus adhered on both surfaces to safe levels under the conditions evaluated. The study demonstrated the ability of adhesion of isolated S. aureus from dairy on surfaces commonly found in Minas fresh cheese production, a situation that may favor the development of biofilms on equipment and utensils, indicating health risk to the consumers.