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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
291

O comportamento informacional de advogados: um estudo com profissionais que atuam na cidade de Marília e região

Silva, Marli Vítor da [UNESP] 23 August 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mv_me_mar.pdf: 1273377 bytes, checksum: b36bbec5504c566d46ec5915fd963296 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Na atual sociedade globalizada e em constante modificação, o acesso à informação atualizada e confiável é de suma importância para os diversos profissionais que necessitam de tal insumo para obter sucesso em suas atividades profissionais. Para os advogados, em especial, a informação, tanto jurídica quanto de outras áreas do conhecimento, é um recurso imprescindível. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se em âmbito mais geral: identificar as características do comportamento informacional de advogados relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de suas atividades de trabalho. Em um contexto mais específico, objetivouse: a) verificar as fontes de informação utilizadas pelos advogados para identificar e obter informação; b) identificar as fontes de informação utilizadas pelos advogados; c) determinar os fatores positivos e negativos que influenciam o comportamento de busca de informação dos advogados. Para tanto, foi analisada uma amostra composta por 10 advogados que atuam na cidade de Marília e região, os quais totalizam, aproximadamente, 1000 profissionais. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e os dados coletados foram analisados qualitativamente. Os resultados demonstraram que as fontes de informação mais utilizadas para identificar informação são os livros; a fonte de informação mais utilizada para obter informação é o contato com colegas de profissão (conversa informal para troca de informações) e com profissionais de outras áreas; dentre as fontes de informação disponíveis em seus escritórios, a Internet é a mais utilizada e considerada a mais importante; as fontes formais de informação (Internet e livros) são as mais utilizadas para localizar informação; a maioria sente dificuldade para localizar e ter acesso à informação, principalmente quando se depara com algum assunto inovador ou desafiador; pedir auxílio nas... / In the present globalized society, which is in constantly changing, updated and reliable information access is essentially important to several professionals who need such input to be successful in their activities. Especially for lawyers, information, both legal and from other areas of knowledge is an essential resource. In this sense, it is intended in a general scope: to identify the informational behavior characteristics of lawyers related to their daily work. In a more specific context, the goals were: a) verify the sources of information used by lawyers to identify and obtain information; b) identify the sources of information used by lawyers; c) determine the positive and negative aspects that influence the informational behavior of lawyers. For such, a sample made of 10 lawyers who work in Marília and the nearby area was analyzed, representing a total of approximately 1,000 professionals. The data collection was carried out by a semi-structured interview and the collected data were qualitatively analyzed. Results show that the most common mechanism to obtain information is the coworker contact (informal chat for information exchange), and with professionals from other areas; among the sources of information available in their offices, the Internet is the most popular and considered the most important; the formal sources of information (the Internet and books) are the most used; most of the professionals have difficulty to find and access information, mainly when they come across some innovative or challenging subject; ask for help in the activities of information seeking is a very common practice to most of them; several aspects may influence informational behavior, but the one that is positive with the greatest influence is related to people (family and office coworkers). On the other hand, the negative aspects are related to technology. It was concluded that the proposed goals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
292

A aprendizagem da busca bibliográfica pelo estudante de graduação em enfermagem / Learning concerning bibliographic search of nursing undergraduate students

Maria Bernadete Malerbo 21 September 2011 (has links)
O advento da internet e sua constante evolução exigiu o desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação em saúde, permitindo aos alunos de enfermagem o acesso à informação mais amplo, rápido e eficaz, agregando qualidade às buscas bibliográficas. Apesar da evolução e dinâmica atualização desses recursos informacionais, além da sua disponibilização gratuita, alguns alunos ainda apresentam fragilidades quando se envolvem com a busca e recuperação dessa informação. O objetivo desse estudo qualitativo é conhecer e analisar como são realizadas as buscas bibliográficas quanto à elaboração das estratégias de busca, determinação dos descritores de assunto, uso de bases de dados bibliográficas, recuperação de documentos em texto completo e quais são as dificuldades e os avanços encontrados nesse processo por alunos de graduação em enfermagem, dos cursos de Bacharelado e Bacharelado e Licenciatura da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto-USP. Foram entrevistados 21 alunos desses cursos no mês de novembro de 2010. A partir da análise temática, foram configurados alguns temas: 1 - necessidades e práticas de busca da informação: dificuldades experimentadas pelos estudantes de enfermagem; 2 - a organização do ensino da busca bibliográfica e o papel do professor e 3 - o bibliotecário como educador. O Google destaca-se como principal recurso de busca da WEB privilegiado pelos estudantes, tendo em vista dificuldades de acesso às bases de dados bibliográficas, de domínio da língua inglesa e de recuperação de texto completo. Os alunos apontam a necessidade de orientações e apoio por parte dos professores, assim como destacam atividades educativas desenvolvidas pelo bibliotecário de modo pontual. Nesse contexto, faz-se necessário rever o ensino da busca bibliográfica, inserindo atividade educativa de modo mais integrado às disciplinas dos currículos dos cursos envolvidos, ao longo do processo de formação; reconstruir as práticas pedagógicas dessas atividades, a partir de referencial problematizador e fortalecer a parceria entre professor e bibliotecários. Este estudo também desperta reflexões sobre a formação e a prática profissional do bibliotecário, tendo em vista sua inserção mais significativa no apoio ao desenvolvimento dos cursos de graduação, no contexto da Universidade. / The advent of the Internet and its constant evolution demanded the development of health information systems, which has provided nursing students broad, fast and efficient access to information, adding quality to bibliographic searches. Despite the improved and dynamic actualization of these information resources and their free access, some students still experience difficulties when attempting to search and retrieve information. This qualitative study identifies and analyzes how these bibliographic searches are performed in terms of search strategies, choice of subject descriptors, use of bibliographic databases, recovery of full text documents and also investigates the difficulties faced and advancements achieved in this process by undergraduate nursing students from the Bachelor and Teaching Degree Programs at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto, College of Nursing. A total of 21 students from these programs were interviewed in November 2010. Some themes emerged from the thematic analysis: 1 - Needs and information-seeking practices: difficulties faced by nursing students; 2 - Organization of teaching bibliographic searches and the role of professors; and 3 - The librarian as an educator. Google stands out as the main search resource on the web used by students given the difficulties faced in accessing bibliographic databases, English-based databases, and in the recovery of full texts. Students point to the need to obtain guidance and support from professors and also stress one-time educational activities developed by the librarian. The need to review the teaching of bibliographic searching is identified in order to include educational activities in a more integrated manner with the courses from the involved programs over the educational process, reconstruct the pedagogical practices of such activities based on the problematizing framework, and strengthen the partnership between professors and librarians. This study also encourages reflecting on the education and professional practice of librarians toward a more significant participation in supporting the development of undergraduate programs in the university context.
293

Ikääntyneiden informaatiokäyttäytyminen:laadullinen tutkimus arkielämän informaatiokäytännöistä ja toimintaan aktivoitumisesta

Niemelä, R. (Raimo) 28 November 2006 (has links)
Abstract This study focuses on the information behaviour of older adults. The interdisciplinary approach combines everyday life information-seeking, a gerontological notion of successful ageing and research on media use. First, the media repertoires of older adults are examined from the perspective of their course of life. Their information behaviour when they have retired is analysed in Pamela McKenzie's terms of information practices, i.e. 1) active seeking, 2) active scanning, 3) non-directed monitoring and 4) getting information by proxy. A new viewpoint to information use in information studies is independent and activating media use. The theoretical framework applies a gerontological life course approach, which connects former life events to latter events in one's information behaviour. The framework in this study encompasses everyday information behaviour more generally than information-seeking. The main concepts of the framework are information practices, media use, and as a new concept, enactment. The study is based on a qualitative approach that utilizes methodological triangulation. The empirical data was gathered from 319 elderly Finns. The longitudinal material was gathered from 13 retired teachers. The methods used were interview (2004), questionnaire (2001 & 2004), sentence completion task (2001 & 2004) and the Depression-Happiness Scale (2004). A second set of material consisted of 306 media diaries from the national Yksi päivä mediaa (Media use in one day) material collected in 2001. The main methods of analysis were a narrative life review and content analysis. Different methods and material collected at two different times increase the reliability of the results and illustrate changes in the explored phenomena. This study indicates that the life course approach should be taken into account in information studies, at least when research focuses on older adults. An interesting result is the concept of enactment, which describes the activating role of media. Analysis of the data indicated that media use of older adults is connected, for example, to organising their daily programme, food, physical exercise and health, language skills, civil debate, crosswords, competitions and games, time of devotion, and lending, borrowing and recycling of material. Another notable result is the application of McKenzie's model of information practices to structure the information behaviour in everyday life. The model is also improved by applying a new information practice, abstaining from information. Its role in the information behaviour of everyday life should be studied further. The activating role of media use among populations other than the elderly is another important issue in a media environment that will be more interactive in the future. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus kohdistuu ikääntyneiden informaatiokäyttäytymiseen. Tieteidenvälisessä tarkastelussa yhdistyvät informaatiotutkimuksen arkielämän tiedonhankinnan tutkimus, gerontologiasta omaksuttu käsitys onnistuvasta vanhenemisesta ja viestinnän alan mediankäytön tutkimus. Aluksi tarkastellaan ikääntyneiden mediarepertuaarien muutoksia heidän elämänkulkunsa ajalta. Eläkkeellä olon aikaista informaatiokäyttäytymistä analysoidaan arjen informaatiokäytäntöinä, joita Pamela McKenzien teoreettisen mallin mukaisesti ovat 1) aktiivinen etsintä, 2) aktiivinen seuranta, 3) kohdentumaton havainnointi ja 4) informaation saaminen toisen henkilön kautta. Informaatiotutkimuksessa uutena tiedonkäytön sovellusalana on omaehtoinen ja aktiivinen mediankäyttö. Teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä sovelletaan gerontologista elämänkulun lähtökohtaa. Sen mukaisesti ihmisten aiemmilla elämänkokemuksilla on yhteyksiä heidän myöhempään informaatiokäyttäytymiseensä. Viitekehys kattaa tiedonhankintaa yleisemmin arkielämän informaatiokäyttäytymisen. Siinä keskeisiä ovat informaatiokäytäntöjen ja mediankäytön käsitteet sekä uutena esitetty toimintaan aktivoitumisen (enactment) käsite. Tutkimus perustuu laadulliseen lähestymistapaan, jossa sovelletaan menetelmätriangulaatiota. Empiirinen aineisto on koottu yhteensä 319 ikääntyneeltä suomalaiselta. Pitkittäisaineisto koostuu 13 opettajaeläkeläiseltä saaduista tiedoista. Menetelminä olivat haastattelu (2004), kysely (2001 ja 2004), lauseentäydennystehtävä (2001 ja 2004) ja The Depression-Happiness Scale -mittari (2004). Toisena aineistona olivat 306 mediapäiväkirjaa, jotka on kerätty Yksi päivä mediaa -kirjoitustapahtumassa (2001). Pääasiallisina analyysimenetelminä olivat narratiivinen elämäntarkastelu ja sisällönanalyysi. Eri menetelmillä ja kahtena eri ajankohtana kerätyn aineiston analyysi lisää tulosten luotettavuutta ja nostaa esille tutkittavien ilmiöiden muutoksia. Tutkimuksen perusteella elämänkulun lähtökohta tulisi ottaa huomioon informaatiotutkimuksen teoreettisissa malleissa. Tämä koskee ainakin ikääntyneiden informaatiokäyttäytymistä. Kiinnostava tulos on toimintaan aktivoitumisen käsitteen esittäminen. Käsite kuvaa sitä, miten mediankäyttö aktivoi toimintaan. Esimerkiksi päiväohjelman organisointi, ravinto, liikunta ja terveys, kielitaidon ylläpitäminen, yhteiskunnalliseen keskusteluun osallistuminen, sanaristikot, kilpailut ja pelaaminen, hiljentyminen sekä aineiston vaihto, lainaaminen ja kierrätys nousivat esille aineiston analyysissä. Merkittävä tulos on myös McKenzien informaatiokäytäntöjen mallin soveltaminen ihmisten arkisen informaatiokäyttäytymisen jäsentämiseen sekä mallin täydentäminen informaatiosta pidättäytymisen informaatiokäytännöllä. Informaatiokäyttäytymisen käsitteen vakiinnuttaminen alan suomenkieliseen terminologiaan selkiyttäisi arkielämän tiedonhankinnasta käytettyä käsitteistöä. Jatkotutkimuksissa olisi selvitettävä informaatiosta pidättäytymistä osana laajempaa informaatiokäyttäytymistä. Mediankäytön toimintaan aktivoivaa merkitystä olisi tutkittava myös muista väestöryhmistä kuin ikääntyneistä. Lisäksi olisi tutkittava sitä, millaisia vaikutuksia median vuorovaikutuksellisuuden lisääntymisellä on ihmisten arkiseen toimintaan.
294

L'implicite dans la requête adressée à un moteur de recherche Web / The implicit in query sent to Web engine

Zouhri, Talal 04 July 2013 (has links)
L'objet de notre étude est la requête adressée à un moteur de recherche Web par un usager dans le cadre d'une recherche d'information. Nous souhaitons mieux comprendre l'étape de la recherche d'information située entre le besoin d'information et la formulation / reformulation de la requête. Notre thèse est articulée autour de deux hypothèses de recherche. D'abord, nous avons émis l'hypothèse qu'une requête adressée à un moteur de recherche Web peut receler de l'implicite. Ensuite, nous avons considéré que ce contenu implicite peut être utilisé par les usagers dans des tactiques de formulation / reformulation de la requête. Nous avons notamment analysé le discours de 61 étudiants que nous avons interrogés sur leur intention de recherche. Ce discours était principalement constitué d'un niveau sémantique (qui décrit le thème de la recherche) et d'un niveau pragmatique (composé d'un but seul ou d'un but ou plusieurs sous-but(s)). Les termes représentant le niveau sémantique pouvaient être complètement ou partiellement formulés dans la requête, mais ceux représentant le niveau pragmatique n'étaient généralement pas formulés. Cette situation de communication s'apparente à une négociation entre le moteur de recherche et l'usager. Le moteur de recherche tente de disposer d'éléments sur le besoin d'information de l'usager et ce dernier tente d'obtenir à partir d'un contenu explicitement formulé dans sa requête, un ensemble d'information afin de progresser sur la résolution de son problème / The object of our study is the query, sent to a Web search engine, by an Internet user. We aim to reach a better understanding of the phase of information seeking located between the information need and the query formulation. Our thesis is based on two core hypotheses, all related to the query. Firstly, we considered that the query expressed partially the user’s information need and therefore contain an implicit part. Secondly, we also considered that the implicit part can be used by the users in their query formulation tactics. We notably analyzed 61 students’ speech about their search intent. The speech was based mainly on a semantic level (the terms representing the topic of the research) and a pragmatic level (composed of an only purpose or purpose and of many under purposes). The terms representing the semantic level could be rather completely or partially formulated in the query but those representing the pragmatic level weren’t formulated. This situation of communication is similar to a negotiation between the Web search engine and the user. The search engine Web tries to have elements on user’s information need and the user tries to obtain, from a contents explicitly formulated in his query, a set of information in order to progress on his resolution of its problem
295

Middle School Students in Virtual Learning Environments

Wyatt, Erin Drankwalter 08 1900 (has links)
This ethnographic study examined middle school students engaged in a virtual learning environment used in concert with face-to-face instruction in order to complete a collaborative research project. Thirty-eight students from three eighth grade classes participated in this study where data were collected through observation of student work within the virtual learning environment, an online survey, and focus group sessions with students involved in the project. Results indicated students found the virtual learning environment to be valuable as a platform to complete a collaborative research assignment because of portability, ease of use, and organization. Embedded resources within the environment were helpful because of the convenience. Other people, including peers and teachers, were the preferred source of help when problems navigating the environment or finding information arose. Students communicated within the virtual learning environment as a social outlet, a way to check in, and a means to offer content related comments. Ideally the study's findings will give insight into student experiences in a virtual learning environment in order to help educators design more effective learning experiences and incorporate useful supports within such environments.
296

Redes eletrônicas e necessidades de informação : abordagem do Sense-Making para estudo de comportamento de usuários do Instituto de Fisica da USP / Electronic Networking and Information needs: the SenseMaking Approach to study information seeking behavior with users at Physics Institute at University of São Paulo

Sueli Mara Soares Pinto Ferreira 06 June 1995 (has links)
Redes eletrônicas e necessidades informacionais, integradas para evidenciar comportamento de busca e uso da informação e compreender o papel dessa tecnologia no ambiente universitário, são os objetivos desta tese. Dividida em três partes, enfoca primeiro o plano metodológico. A seguir, dois estudos de revisão fundamentam o trabalho: (1) rastreando a evolução de redes eletrônicas internacional e nacionalmente para sistematizar a matéria; (2) evidenciando pontos tradicionais de estudos de necessidades de informação para alcançar aqueles centrados no usuário. Na terceira parte apresenta pesquisa peculiar, em ambiente da USP cujo Instituto de Física constitui o universo de observação. Por meio do correio eletrônico é perscrutada a conduta de busca e uso da informação de 87 usuários da rede local do IFUSP, no período outubro / novembro de 1994. A abordagem metodológica utilizada é adaptada do Sense-Making de Brenda Dervin, uma abordagem alternativa ou da percepção, que tem o usuário como objeto de pesquisa. Submetidos a três tipos de análise, os resultados obtidos assim se configuram: (a) utilização das redes: tempo de experiência, freqüência, propósitos, barreiras e dificuldades, treinamentos; (b) busca e uso de informação: contexto de uso, natureza e foco das necessidades de informação, estratégias empregadas para solucionar problemas, esforço dependido para localizar respostas as necessidades, expectativa de uso da informação, recursos informacionais utilizados, completeza e satisfação com as respostas obtidas e fontes efetivas de auxílio e (c) necessidades de informação não solucionadas: contexto de uso, natureza e foco das necessidades, expectativa de uso e estratégias para solução. Ponto significativo da pesquisa foi à categorização de usuários em 4 grupos, conforme as etapas gradativas do seu desempenho no uso das redes: fase 1 descobrindo a existência das redes eletrônicas e seus benefícios; fase 2 - já utilizando as três funções básicas da rede (correio eletrônico, ftp e telnet), porém de modo restrito, apenas usufruindo mais agilmente os recursos computacionais locais; fase 3 - buscas de solução a questões imediatistas, pontuais e de caráter variado; fase 4 - uso denotando experiência, segurança nas várias funções das RE. Dessa categorização e pelas VÍ solução a questões imediatistas, pontuais e de caráter variado; fase 4 - uso denotando experiência, segurança nas várias funções das RE. \"Dessa categorização e pelas freqüências observadas em cada fase, infere-se que as redes eletrônicas têm sido utilizadas mais como um instrumento de comunicação do que real fonte de informação. Similaridades nos procedimentos de busca e uso da informação entre os grupos estudados contribuíram também para delinear o perfil de necessidades informacionais de comunidade acadêmica que utiliza redes eletrônicas. Para otimizar o uso das RE, sugere-se o desenvolvimento de estudos específicos das necessidades dos usuários; serviços pertinentes a essas necessidades; programas de capacitação de profissionais intermediários entre serviços e usuários finais, de formação em serviços e treinamento de usuários. / Electronic Networks and Information Needs are integrated in order to search information seeking behavior of the academic community and to understand the impact of this technology in the university activities. Those are the issues of this dissertation, which is presented in 3 parts. First - the methodology. Second - review studies which contain the fundamentation of this work: (1) electronic networking evolution; and (b) traditional versus oriented approach to study the user needs. Third - information seeking behavior research of the electronic networking users at the Physics Institute of the University of São Paulo based in Brenda Dervin\'s Sense-Making Approach. The electronic mail was used in order to get information from 87 users of IFUSP local network. The results were submitted to three types of analysis: (a) use of the electronic network: amount of experience, frequency and purpose of use, barriers and difficulties, amount of training and context of use; (b) search and use of information: nature and entity focus, strategy used, amount of effort, resource used, user expectation and actual uses, completeness of the answers obtained, usefulness of the answers, sources that effectível y helped to find the information; (c) unsolved information needs: failure, analysis of user\'s problems when their information needs remained unsolved was performed. Users were classified in 4 groups, according their performance in networking: (1) those in discovering electronic networks benefits stage; (2) those using basic functions (email, ftp and telnet) but only locally; (3) those seeking for solutions or immediate issues; (4) expert users. From this characterization and due to the user\'s frequencies in each of these stages, an inference of IFUSP net is done: most users are just at the communication stage, not using networks as an information source. Similarities in the information seeking behavior of those IFUSPnet users contribute to outline the community user needs characterization. As suggestions in order to improve the electronic networks use, it should develop specific studies of user needs, offer users competence program and professional in service training.
297

Mental health related Internet use among psychiatric patients: a cross-sectional analysis

Kalckreuth, Sophie, Trefflich, Friederike, Rummel-Kluge, Christine January 2014 (has links)
Background: The Internet is of great importance in today’s health sector, as most Internet users utilize online functions for health related purposes. Concerning the mental health care sector, little data exist about the Internet use of psychiatric patients. It is the scope of this current study to analyze the quantity and pattern of Internet usage among mental health patients. Methods: Patients from all services of the Department of Psychiatry at a university hospital were surveyed by completing a 29-item questionnaire. The data analysis included evaluation of frequencies, as well as group comparisons. Results: 337 patients participated in the survey, of whom 79.5% were Internet users. Social media was utilized by less than half of the users: social networks (47.8%), forums (19.4%), chats (18.7%), blogs (12.3%). 70.9% used the Internet for mental health related reasons. The contents accessed by the patients included: information on mental disorders (57.8%), information on medication (43.7%), search for mental health services (38.8%), platforms with other patients (19.8%) and platforms with mental health professionals (17.2%). Differences in the pattern of use between users with low, medium and high frequency of Internet use were statistically significant for all entities of social media (p < 0.01), search for mental health services (p = 0.017) and usage of platforms with mental health professionals (p = 0. 048). The analysis of differences in Internet use depending on the participants’ type of mental disorder revealed no statistically significant differences, with one exception. Regarding the Internet’s role in mental health care, the participants showed differing opinions: 36.2% believe that the Internet has or may have helped them in coping with their mental disorder, while 38.4% stated the contrary. Conclusions: Most psychiatric patients are Internet users. Mental health related Internet use is common among patients, mainly for information seeking. The use of social media is generally less frequent. It varies significantly between different user types and was shown to be associated with high frequency of Internet use. The results illustrate the importance of the Internet in mental health related contexts and may contribute to the further development of mental health related online offers.
298

Das Internet als erkrankungsbezogene Informationsquelle und soziales Medium für PatientInnen mit psychischen Erkrankungen

Kalckreuth, Sophie 14 December 2015 (has links)
Hintergrund: Das Internet spielt heutzutage in Gesundheitsfragen eine große Rolle. Fast alle Internetnutzer greifen im Zusammenhang mit Erkrankungen auf Onlineangebote zurück, um beispielsweise Informationen über Krankheitsbilder oder Medikamente zu suchen. Speziell für den Bereich seelische Gesundheit verfügt das Internet darüber hinaus noch über weiteres Potential: Mit der Entwicklung von Online-Programmen wurden in den letzten Jahren neue Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für psychische Erkrankungen geschaffen. Diese verwenden die multimedialen Möglichkeiten des Internets zu therapeutischen Zwecken und konnten in zahlreichen Studien vielversprechende Ergebnisse zeigen. Für die Nutzung der Programme sind dabei regelmäßiger Internetzugang und Routine im Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Internetfunktionen notwendig - insbesondere mit sozialen Medien. Ausmaß und Muster der Internetnutzung psychiatrischer Patienten im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Erkrankung sind jedoch bislang kaum erforscht. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, das erkrankungsbezogene Internetnutzungsverhalten dieser Patientengruppe zu erfassen und zu analysieren. Methode: Patienten aller Stationen und Ambulanzen der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig wurden mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens zu ihrem Internetnutzungsverhalten befragt. Anhand von 29 Items wurden soziodemographische Daten, das allgemeine Internetnutzungsverhalten und die erkrankungsbezogene Internetnutzung (mental-health related Internet use) erfasst. Die Datenanalyse beinhaltete die Bestimmung von Häufigkeiten und Gruppenvergleiche. Hierzu wurde vornehmlich der Chi-Quadrat-Test verwendet. Ergebnisse: 337 Patienten nahmen an der Studie teil. 79.5% von ihnen waren Internetnutzer und wurden in Abhängigkeit von ihrer wöchentlichen Nutzungsdauer in die Subgruppen Wenig-, Mittel- und Vielnutzer eingeteilt. Soziale Medien wurden von weniger als der Hälfte der Nutzer verwendet: Soziale Netzwerke (47.8%), Foren (19.4%), Chats (18.7%), Blogs (12.3%). 70.9% nutzten das Internet im Kontext ihrer psychischen Erkrankung. Hierbei handelte es sich um folgende Inhalte: Informationen zu psychischen Erkrankungen (57.8%), Informationen zu Medikamenten (43.7%), Suche nach Psychiatern bzw. psychiatrischen Kliniken (38.8%), Erfahrungsaustausch mit anderen Betroffenen (19.8%), Nutzung von Foren mit Psychiatern (17.2%). Unterschiede im Nutzungsmuster zwischen Wenig-, Mittel- und Vielnutzern waren statistisch signifikant für alle Formen sozialer Medien (p<0.01), für die Suche nach Psychiatern und Kliniken (p=0.017) und für die Nutzung von Foren mit Psychiatern (p=0.048). Die Analyse der Internetnutzung in Abhängigkeit von der psychiatrischen Diagnose zeigte mit einer Ausnahme (Suche nach Psychiatern bzw. psychiatrischen Kliniken) keine statistisch signifikanten Ergebnisse. Die Rolle des Internets im Zusammenhang mit psychischen Erkrankungen wurde von den Studienteilnehmern unterschiedlich eingeschätzt: 36.2% waren der Meinung, dass das Internet bei der Bewältigung ihrer psychischen Erkrankungen eine Hilfe war oder sein könnte, während 38.4% das Gegenteil behaupteten. 27.6% der Befragten hatten Interesse an internetbasierten Selbstmanagementprogrammen teilzunehmen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Mehrzahl der psychiatrischen Patienten nutzt das Internet. Die Internetnutzung im Zusammenhang mit psychischen Erkrankungen ist verbreitet und dient vor allem der Informationssuche. Soziale Medien werden generell weniger genutzt, hierbei bestehen jedoch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Nutzergruppen. Die Möglichkeiten des Internets im Zusammenhang mit Krankheitsbewältigung und Selbstmanagement werden von Studienteilnehmern unterschiedlich bewertet. Die psychiatrische Diagnose und die Krankheitsschwere scheinen auf das Internetnutzungsverhalten einen vergleichsweise geringen Einfluss zu haben. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigen die Bedeutung des Internets im Kontext psychischer Erkrankungen und könnten bei der weiteren Entwicklung von Internetangeboten für psychisch Erkrankte Berücksichtigung finden.
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Informationsbedarf und Informationsverhalten von Melanom-Patienten zertifizierter deutscher Hauttumorzentren

Brütting, Julia 29 April 2020 (has links)
Hintergrund: Das Informationsbedürfnis zählt zu den wichtigsten Bedürfnissen von Melanom-Patienten (MP). Diesem zu entsprechen und Patienten adäquat über ihren gesundheitlichen Zustand zu informieren, ist daher auch eine der wichtigsten supportiven Maßnahmen der Krebstherapie. Über die eigene Situation konkret Bescheid zu wissen, trägt dazu bei, Angst zu reduzieren, das persönliche Krankheitskontrollgefühl zu erhöhen sowie die Erkrankung besser bewältigen zu können. In Konsequenz ist die Zufriedenheit und Lebensqualität bei Krebspatienten höher, die sich gut aufgeklärt fühlen. Dennoch bleibt das Informationsbedürfnis häufig auch unerfüllt. Primäre Informationsquelle für Krebspatienten in Deutschland ist das persönliche Gespräch mit dem Arzt oder der Ärztin. Ist die Zeit für Arzt-Patienten- Gespräche jedoch knapp und/oder werden viele (medizinische) Informationen auf einmal vermittelt, ist es möglich, dass sich die Patienten überfordert und anschließend nicht angemessen informiert fühlen. Krebs- und so auch MP, nutzen verschiedene weitere Informationsquellen um Informationsdefizite auszugleichen. Trotz der steigenden Bedeutung des Internets, variieren Nutzung und Präferenzen der Informationsquellen mit Patientensubgruppen – so u.a. mit dem Alter, dem Bildungsstatus, dem sozio-ökonomischen Status, der Nationalität und dem generellen Bedarf nach umfassender Aufklärung über den eigenen Gesundheits- und Behandlungsstand. Analog variieren Inhalte und Umfang der Informationsbedürfnisse von MP u.a. mit dem Geschlecht, dem Alter, dem Stadium im Verlauf der Tumorerkrankung und der Erkrankungsschwere. An Primärdaten aus Deutschland fehlt es jedoch bislang. Zudem werden auch die spezifischen Bedürfnisse von MP mit Metastasen in der Literatur nur unzureichend abgedeckt. Um die Informationsbereitstellung und -versorgung von MP in Deutschland optimieren sowie bedarfsgerechter gestalten zu können, ist es grundlegend deren Informationsbedarf und Informationsverhalten zu kennen. Fragestellung: Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, a) die Informationsbedürfnisse von MP in Deutschland (und deren Subgruppen) sowie b) die durch sie bevorzugten Informationsquellen explorativ zu ermitteln. Es sollten Ansatzpunkte für Optimierungen bei der Informationsversorgung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf mediale Neu- oder Weiterentwicklungen aufgezeigt werden. Methodik: Zwischen Juli und Oktober 2016 wurde an insgesamt 27 zertifizierten deutschen Hauttumorzentren eine multizentrische (Querschnitts-)Befragung unter MP durchgeführt. MP konnten daran teilnehmen, wenn sie mindestens 18 Jahre alt und der deutschen Sprache mächtig waren. Patienten, die während des Befragungszeitraums eines der Hauttumorzentren besuchten, wurden konsekutiv zur Teilnahme eingeladen. Für die Befragung wurde ein eigens entwickelter, standardisierter Papierfragebogen genutzt, der kollektiv mit Patienten deutscher Hautkrebsselbsthilfegruppen, medizinischem sowie Sozialwissenschaftlichem Personal entwickelt wurde. Ein Pretest der präfinalen Version erfolgte mit zwanzig MP am Hauttumorzentrum Dresden. Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte mittels SPSS (Version 23). Um Subgruppenunterschiede bei den Informationsbedürfnissen sowie dem Informationsverhalten zu ermitteln, wurde für kategoriale Variablen der Chi² Unabhängigkeitstest und für metrische Variablen der nichtparametrische U-Test nach Mann-Whitney bzw. der Kruskal-Wallis-Test angewandt. Die binär logistische Regression wurde angewandt, um Prädiktoren für a) die Präsenz unerfüllter Informationsbedürfnisse, b) die Zufriedenheit mit dem eigenen Informationsstand sowie c) die Präferenzen verschiedener medialer Informationsquellen (Internet, Broschüren, TV/Videos, Journale/Magazine) zu ermitteln. Die statistische Signifikanz für alle Tests wurde für p < 0.05 festgelegt. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt 542 Melanom-Patienten nahmen an der Befragung teil. Die Daten von 529 Patienten (Response-Rate: 54%) konnten ausgewertet werden. Von den Teilnehmern waren 56% männlich, 61% älter als 55 Jahre, 67% waren von Metastasen betroffen (klinisches Stadium III oder IV), 49% erhielten zum Befragungszeitpunkt eine medizinische Behandlung und 47% befanden sich in der Nachsorge. 14% der MP wurden stationär und 83% ambulant betreut. Informationsbedarf: 69% der Befragten gaben an, sich generell so viele Informationen wie möglich über ihre Erkrankung und deren Behandlung zu wünschen und 78% gaben an sehr oder eher zufrieden mit dem eigenen Informationsstand zu sein. Gleichzeitig äußerten 55% der Befragten jedoch auch, weiteren Informationsbedarf zu haben. Am wenigsten fühlten sich die MP über psychosoziale Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten (24-31% kaum oder gar nicht) informiert. Am häufigsten (von jeweils 35%) wurden sich mehr Informationen zum voraussichtlichen Krankheitsverlauf, Behandlungsoptionen und Heilungschancen gewünscht. Den höchsten Informationsbedarf gaben MP mit Tumorprogression an. Außerdem berichteten MP < 55 Jahren signifikant häufiger als ältere MP (63% vs. 50%; p = .003) weiteren Informationsbedarf zu verschiedenen Aspekten der Erkrankung, ebenso wie MP die sich aktuell in Behandlung befanden im Vergleich zu Nachsorgepatienten (63% vs. 47%; p < .001). Die binäre Regressionsanalyse ergab u.a., dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit unerfüllte Informationsbedürfnisse zu haben bei MP, die sich generell viele Informationen wünschten, um 2.4 Mal höher war als bei denen, die sich durch viele Informationen eher überfordert fühlten. Subguppenunterschiede zeigten sich zudem bei den inhaltlichen Präferenzen, so z.B. wünschten sich Frauen und MP < 55 Jahren häufiger Informationen zu psychologischer Unterstützung als Männer (28% vs. 15%; p < .001) und MP ≥ 55 Jahre (25% vs. 17%; p = .038). Informationsverhalten: 81% der Befragten nutzten am häufigsten das persönliche Gespräch mit dem Arzt/der Ärztin um sich über ihre Erkrankung zu informieren. 58% wünschten sich von diesem jedoch auch Empfehlungen zu Informationsquellen, die sie außerhalb der Klinik nutzen können. Das Internet (63%) und Patientenbroschüren (58%) wurden am häufigsten als erst- oder zweitwichtigstes Medium für die indikationsbezogene Informationsbeschaffung angegeben. Die Angebote von Selbsthilfegruppen und Krebsberatungsstellen wurden nur durch 8 bzw. 12% jemals oder überhaupt genutzt. Als Prädiktoren für die präferierte Internetnutzung erwiesen sich das Alter < 55 Jahre, ein höherer Bildungsabschluss, ein generell hoher Informationsbedarf sowie Unwissenheit über den eigenen, aktuellen Stand der Erkrankung. Audiovisuelle Medien wurden hingegen von MP mit geringeren Bildungsabschlüssen präferiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse sensibilisieren dafür, welche Inhalte MP deutscher Hauttumorzentren primär interessieren, welche Defizite bei der Informationsversorgung aktuell bestehen und welche Inhalte für bestimmte Subgruppen wichtig sind. Diese Kenntnisse sind für die Führung von Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächen wichtig. Zum anderen liefern sie wichtige Anhaltspunkte für die inhaltliche Ausgestaltung bedarfsgerechter Informationsangebote. Die Ermittlung der wichtigsten medialen Informationsquellen ist richtungsweisend für künftige Entwicklungen im Bereich der Medien zur Informationsversorgung von MP. Den Gründen für die geringe Inanspruchnahme der Angebote von Selbsthilfegruppen und Krebsberatungsstellen durch MP sollte weiter nachgegangen werden, da beide Institutionsformen wichtige, unterstützende, supplementäre Angebote zur klinischen Versorgung darstellen.:Abkürzungen 4 1. Einführung in die Thematik 5 1.1 Wissenschaftliche Ausgangssituation 6 1.1.1 Verbreitung des Melanoms in Deutschland 6 1.1.2 Forschungsstand zu Informationsbedürfnissen von Melanom-Patienten 7 1.1.3 Forschungsstand zum Informationsverhalten von Melanom-Patienten 8 1.2 Theoretischer und wissenschaftlicher Ansatz der eigenen Arbeiten 9 1.2.1 Fragebogenentwicklung 9 1.2.2 Studiendurchführung 10 1.2.3 Datenauswertung 10 1.3 Erarbeitete wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse 11 1.3.1 Charakteristika der teilnehmenden Melanom-Patienten 11 1.3.2 Informationsstand der Patienten zu verschiedenen Aspekten ihrer Erkrankung 11 1.3.3 Zufriedenheit mit dem eigenen Informationsstand 11 1.3.4 Präsenz unerfüllter Informationsbedürfnisse 12 1.3.5 Inhaltliche Informationsbedürfnisse und -präferenzen 12 1.3.6 Nutzung verschiedener Informationsquellen 12 1.3.7 Präferenzen medialer Informationsquellen 13 1.3.8 Rolle des Arztes bzw. der Ärztin 13 1.3.9 Zufriedenheit mit erhaltenen Informationen aus verschiedenen Informationsquellen 13 2. Publikation 1: Unmet information needs of patients with melanoma in Germany 15 3. Publikation 2: Information-seeking and use of information resources among melanoma patients of German skin cancer centers 25 4. Diskussion und Ausblick 35 4.1 Limitationen 40 4.2 Ausblick 41 5. Zusammenfassung 43 6. Summary 46 7. Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis 49 Anlagen / Background: The need for information is one of the greatest needs reported by melanoma patients (MP). Satisfying unmet information needs (UIN) is an important measure of supportive cancer care since it can reduce anxiety, improve compliance with therapy and, increase the feeling of personal control, thereby improving coping with the disease itself. Cancer patients in Germany prefer consultations with the physician to acquire information about their condition. However, the physician’s time is usually limited and sometimes many detailed medical facts are provided at once. In such cases patients may have difficulty in understanding or be unable to absorb all the information and recall them correctly. This can lead to their feeling inadequately informed. Another problem is that patients may fail to address all their concerns during medical consultations and thus some questions may remain unanswered. To compensate for information deficits, many cancer patients search and use other information resources (IR). Recent research suggests that the information-seeking behavior of cancer patients, including those with melanoma, has been changing alongside the application of modern media. However, not all cancer patients use and prefer the internet or smartphone apps to seek for information, for instance. Rather, usage and preferences of IR vary with the patient’s age, education, socioeconomic status, nationality and the general need in receiving comprehensive information about their own condition. Previous research further has shown that information and supportive care for melanoma patients has to be adapted to the stage of disease, the patients’ gender age and educational level. So far, the UIN of melanoma patients in Germany and of MP with metastases are not covered well in the literature. In order to optimize and adapt information provision to the needs of MPs in Germany, it is essential to know about their specific UIN and informationseeking behavior. Objective: The aim of the present study was therefore, to exploratively investigate a) the UIN of MP in Germany (and their subgroups), and b) to determine the IR they prefer. Starting points for the optimization of information provision in MP should be determined, in particular in terms of developments in the media. Methods: From July to October 2016, a multicenter cross-sectional survey of MP was conducted at 27 accredited German skin cancer centers. MPs were eligible for participation if they had a minimum age of 18 years and were able to understand and speak the German language. Patients attending a skin cancer center during the survey period were consecutively invited to participate. For the survey, a standardized paper questionnaire was specially devised, and was developed collectively with patients of German skin cancer self-help groups as well as medical and scientific staff. A pretest was done by twenty MP at the Dresden skin cancer center. For data analysis SPSS (version 23) was used. The Chi² test was used for categorical variables and the non-parametric U-test (Mann-Whitney) or the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for metric variables to identify subgroup differences in UIN and the information-seeking behavior. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of a) the presence of UIN, b) satisfaction with the MPs’ own information level, and c) the preferences of various media (internet, booklets, TV/videos, journals/magazines). Statistical significance was set at p <0.05 for all tests. Results: 542 questionnaires were returned, and the data of 529 questionnaires was analyzed, corresponding to a response rate of 54%.Of the participating MP, 56% were male, 61% aged > 55 years, 67% were affected by metastatic melanoma, and 49% received medical treatment at the time of the survey. 14% of participants were inpatients and 83% received outpatient care. Unmet information needs: In general, 69% of the MP preferred to be informed on their condition as much as possible, and 78% described themselves as rather or even very satisfied with their knowledge about their condition. However, more than half of the participants (55%) reported UIN. They most often felt poorly or not at all informed about social (31%) and psychological support (24%), and about the consequences of the disease for their private life (23%). Most MP wished more information on treatments, the course of disease and chances of cure (each for 35%). The significantly highest number of UIN was reported by MP with tumor progression. Furthermore, MP aging < 55 years as well as MPs currently receiving medical treatment reported UIN significantly more often than older MPs (63% vs. 50%, p = .003) and post-treatment MP (63% vs. 47%, p <.001). Binary regression analysis indicated that the probability of having UIN was 2.4 times higher for MPs who generally preferred as much information as possible, than for those who felt overwhelmed by too much information. Subgroup differences were also found in the content preferences, e.g. women and MP aging < 55 years more often wished information on psychological support than men (28% vs. 15%, p <.001) and MP ≥ 55 years (25% vs. 17%, p = .038). Information-seeking: 81% of the MP reported consultations with the physician as the source of information they most frequently used to acquire information about their own condition. However, 58% also wanted recommendations on sources of information that they could use outside the clinic. When asked about how important particular media were, 63% of MP awarded the internet and 58% awarded booklets as first or second most important for information-seeking. Services from self-help groups and cancer counseling centers were used by only 8% - 12% of the surveyed MP at all. Aging < 55 years, a higher education, a generally high need for information as well as unawareness about the own current condition proved to be predictors of the preferred internet use. Audiovisual media, however, were preferred by MP with lower education. Conclusions: The results raise awareness of topics that are primarily of interest for MP of German skin cancer centers, which deficits in information provision currently exist and what topics are more important to several subgroups. The findings are important to be considered during medical consultations. On the other hand, they indicate what content MPs expect to be educated about, even by media. The identification of media preferences points out what information resources will be important to MPs for information acquisition in the future, and in which area developments should be forced. Current underuse of peer support from self-help groups and cancer counseling centers by MP should be further explored and ideally remedied because both types of facility provide help in various respects and can supplement clinical care.:Abkürzungen 4 1. Einführung in die Thematik 5 1.1 Wissenschaftliche Ausgangssituation 6 1.1.1 Verbreitung des Melanoms in Deutschland 6 1.1.2 Forschungsstand zu Informationsbedürfnissen von Melanom-Patienten 7 1.1.3 Forschungsstand zum Informationsverhalten von Melanom-Patienten 8 1.2 Theoretischer und wissenschaftlicher Ansatz der eigenen Arbeiten 9 1.2.1 Fragebogenentwicklung 9 1.2.2 Studiendurchführung 10 1.2.3 Datenauswertung 10 1.3 Erarbeitete wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse 11 1.3.1 Charakteristika der teilnehmenden Melanom-Patienten 11 1.3.2 Informationsstand der Patienten zu verschiedenen Aspekten ihrer Erkrankung 11 1.3.3 Zufriedenheit mit dem eigenen Informationsstand 11 1.3.4 Präsenz unerfüllter Informationsbedürfnisse 12 1.3.5 Inhaltliche Informationsbedürfnisse und -präferenzen 12 1.3.6 Nutzung verschiedener Informationsquellen 12 1.3.7 Präferenzen medialer Informationsquellen 13 1.3.8 Rolle des Arztes bzw. der Ärztin 13 1.3.9 Zufriedenheit mit erhaltenen Informationen aus verschiedenen Informationsquellen 13 2. Publikation 1: Unmet information needs of patients with melanoma in Germany 15 3. Publikation 2: Information-seeking and use of information resources among melanoma patients of German skin cancer centers 25 4. Diskussion und Ausblick 35 4.1 Limitationen 40 4.2 Ausblick 41 5. Zusammenfassung 43 6. Summary 46 7. Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis 49 Anlagen
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Informační chování rodičů při hledání informací o zdraví a nemoci / Health information seeking behaviour of parents

Zoufalá, Kamila January 2019 (has links)
The thesis aims to map the health information behaviour of parents. Behaviour of parents represents a significant part in the life of child and therefore the attention of this thesis is focused on this topic. Its theoretical part introduces the areas characterising the topic - information behaviour, models and process of information behaviour, health, health literacy and phenomena affecting information behaviour (such as advertisement in health service or information overload). The research part contains a methodological basis of work and describes the research design. In the final part, analytical results of the interviews are elaborated.

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