This study is based on a detailed literature review of the approaches that are being used for inspecting cargos. It was concluded that especially X-rays are suitable for precise inspection of cargos due to high-quality output images. The images captured with X-Ray scanning methods are sufficient for discriminating various materials. Methods for the inspection of cargos with the help of electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies are also discussed.

Quality inspection is an indispensable part of the production process of screws for hardware manufactories. In general, hardware manufactories do the quality test of screws by using an electric screwdriver to twist screws. However, there are some limitations and shortcomings in the manual inspection. Firstly, the efficiency of manual inspection is low. Second, manual inspection is difficult to achieve continuous working for 24 hours, which will make a high wage cost. In this thesis, in order to enhance the inspection efficiency and save test costs, we propose to use the image recognition technology of memristor neural networks to check the quality of screws. Here, we discuss different training models of neural networks, namely: convolutional neural networks, one-layer memristor neural network with fixed learning rates. By using the dataset of 8,202 screw head images, experimental results show that the classification accuracy of CNNs and memristor neural networks can achieve 96% and 90%, respectively, which prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Between 60-70% of Namibia’s population practice subsistence agro-pastoralism on communal land that constitutes 41% of the total land area. Cysticercosis bovis is found worldwide, but most often in rural developing countries, where unhygienic conditions are coupled with poor cattle management practices and lack or absence of meat inspection. Because livestock is so important to the economy and social structure of the majority of people in Namibia, risks from zoonotic diseases transmitted from domestic animals to humans are a constant threat and are therefore of major concern. In addition, C.bovis is also emerging as a public health risk not only in these rural communities but also in urban areas where many infected cattle are transported, informally slaughtered and consumed. This disease has a negative impact on food safety, and thus is related to Veterinary Public Health (VPH) strategies in Namibia. Over the period from 2000 to 2004, 3232 (8%) measles detections were recorded from the 40 373 cattle slaughtered at Meatco Oshakati Abattoir. C.bovis is considered important from both an economic (loss of income to cattle owners) and human health (it is a zoonosis) point of view. The aim of the study was to do an analysis of the level of C.bovis in bovine carcasses at the abattoir, in order to identify geographical areas where the disease is prevalent in cattle in North Central Namibia and to develop a risk communication strategy, to improve the control of this disease in the target population (subsistence cattle farmers in the study area). Meat inspection was carried out for a period of 12 months and the abattoir records examined covered two years (2004 –2005). Results showed that incidence for C.bovis of cattle originating from Oshikoto Region were high: (12%). Omusati and Oshana Regions had an incidence of 7% and a much lower incidence of C.bovis (5%) was reported in cattle from the Ohangwena Region. Structured interviews with 95 farmers (99% male and 1% female) in all the four Regions of the study area, were carried out using a set of questionnaires (Appendix A). The questionnaires had provision for numerical data and comments concerning changes, constraints and suggestions for improving dissemination of information and extension services in the target areas. It was noted that between 5% and 13 % of respondents had neither pit latrines nor waterborne sewage. This leads to the conclusion that a significant proportion of the rural population is defecating in an area which is available to the cows grazing close to the homestead or cattle post. In addition, 61% of cattle from this area are marketed through informal marketing and many of them are slaughtered informally with no meat inspection taking place. This provides a high risk of infestation for the consumer, which perpetuates the parasite in the rural population. The educational level showed that 24% had no formal education and 33% had only primary school education. The language spoken by 93% of respondents is Oshiwambo and although only 20% speak English or Afrikaans, extension materials, including visual material, is not available in the vernacular. Between 58% and 96% of the respondents from the four Regions had no knowledge of the disease and how it could be diagnosed and controlled in both people and cattle. In Oshikoto Region, where the incidence in slaughtered cattle was the highest, only 4% of the respondents knew about C.bovis in cattle. The results obtained for language proficiency advocates for extension materials to be developed in Oshiwambo (which 93% of the target population are able to read and write). Skills training using visual aids and personal communication in Oshiwambo would be needed for other 7% who are illiterate. From the above, it was concluded that extension is needed to reduce the incidence of C.bovis in cattle. The most important extension messages, as determined by an expert opinion survey of veterinarians in Namibia, were firstly that families should be treated for tapeworms and secondly that they should only buy meat that has been inspected after slaughter at an abattoir. It was recommended that stakeholders in the livestock industry, and the state as well as the Department of Health should be made aware of the high level of cysticercosis and the equally high level of ignorance about the disease in rural areas of North Central Namibia. Veterinary and agriculture staff should be motivated to communicate and combine efforts to assist each other, as transport is expensive and one of the main constraints to successful extension because of the great distances in North Central Namibia. Funding should also be found for production of extension materials in the vernacular. / Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Paraclinical Sciences / MSc / unrestricted

This is a qualitative study that investigated the experience of school inspectors in ensuring quality teaching and learning in primary schools in Northern Uganda, using hermeneutics phenomenological design. The study was underpinned by relative ontology, personal epistemology and accountability theory. In-depth interviews and document analysis were used to explore the understanding of the school inspectors on quality teaching and learning, techniques they use to ensure quality teaching and learning, their effectiveness and challenges. The study revealed that the inspectors understand quality teaching and learning as a multidimensional reality that entails attaining of literacy and numeracy; life skills; holistic development of learners; teachers’ competencies and professionalism; measure of learning achievement; broadness without ambiguity; collaborative; innovate; dynamic and contextual issue. The main techniques that the inspectors used to ensure quality teaching and learning in the primary schools are: assessment of quality of inputs into educational programs; assessment of educational processes; assessment of learning outcomes;psychosocial support; ensuring compliance with educational standards, laws and regulations; creating awareness on educational standards, laws and regulations; administration of rewards and sanctions. The study showed that the inspectors believe that they have been effective in supporting teachers; improving learning, learning environment and professional development of teachers; fighting corruption and malpractices among teachers. They however experienced insubordination of teachers; negative attitude of teachers towards the teaching profession; inadequate training of teachers; failure of teachers to adhere to educational laws; policies and regulations; excess work overload to the school inspectors; negative perception of some teachers on school inspection; corruption; lack of resources for school inspection; ineffectiveness of the head teachers; and difficulties in enforcing educational standards, rules, regulations and laws. They mainly use laws, policies and regulations and peer to peer support as the strategies to solve problems which they encounter in ensuring quality teaching and learning in the primary schools. The unique contribution of the study is that quality teaching and learning as understood by primary school inspectors is a multidimensional reality that can best be achieved using a logical, psychosocial legal approach. Policies, practices and future studies need to examine critically the dynamics and characteristics of these approaches to quality teaching and learning in primary schools. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / pt2021 / Education Management and Policy Studies / PhD / Unrestricted

Syftet med följande examensarbete har varit att undersöka vilken effekt implementering av drönare har vid överlåtelsebesiktningar, samt om detta är praktiskt genomförbart. Svårigheter med att besikta yttertak på grund av rådande arbetsmiljöregler samt den betydande fallrisken det medför ligger till grund för detta arbete. Arbetet har genomlyst rådande lagstiftning kring användandet av drönare som visar på att det är juridiskt genomförbart att använda denna metod. Studien har senare utförts genom aktionsforskning där en drönare har köpts in av företaget och utvärderats efter ett antal överlåtelsebesiktningar. I samband med flygningarna har ett antal frågor besvarats för att undersöka besiktningsteknikernas upplevelser av drönarflygningarnas nytta vid dessa besiktningar. Svaren har sedan sammanställts och i resultatdelen redovisas vilka effekter besiktningsteknikerna ansåg att drönare hade vid överlåtelsebesiktning.    Rapporten har visat att det finns flera fördelar med att använda drönarteknik i samband med överlåtelsebesiktning. Rekommendationen är därför att drönarteknik bör vara standard vid överlåtelsebesiktning. / This thesis aims to examine the effects of implementing drone techniques in support of transfer inspections, and also if this technique is feasible. Difficulties in conducting roof inspections due to current working environment regulations and the considerable risk of falling is the underlying reason of this thesis. Current legislation regarding drone usage has been reviewed, with the conclusion that this technique is legally applicable. The study has later on been conducted as actionresearch, where a drone has been purchased and evaluated after a number of transfer inspections has been performed. A number of questions have been answered during the flights in order to determine whether drone techniques have been of use for the inspection technicians. The answers have then been compiled in the results section, showing the technicians’ experienced effects of using drones in conjunction with transfer inspections. The report demonstrates several gains and advantages with drone techniques during inspections. Therefore, the recommendation is that drone techniques should be a standard when conducting transfer inspections. / <p>Betyg 2021-06-04</p>

Objective. To assess the acceptability of cervical screening using direct visual inspection after acetic acid application followed by immediate cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women in rural Guatemala. Materials and Methods. An unselected group of 1,052 women voluntarily registered to undergo cervical screening using direct visual inspection of the cervix after acetic acid application. Women with acetowhite changes consistent with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were offered immediate cryotherapy. Results. Cervical screening was deferred in 80 (7.6%) registrants, and 18 (1.7%) refused to undergo an examination. Among the 954 registrants screened, 125 (13%) had findings consistent with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cryotherapy was deferred in three patients. A total of 121 (99%) women agreed to immediate cryotherapy. Conclusion. Direct cervical visualization after acetic acid application followed by immediate cryotherapy for acetowhite changes consistent with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia would be a well-accepted method of cervical screening in rural Guatemala.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21365号 / 工博第4524号 / 新制||工||1705(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 西山 峰広, 教授 竹脇 出, 教授 河野 広隆 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Today, the construction industry is one of the largest industries in Sweden, with a turnover of nearly 600 billion SEK in 2021 and employing 341,500 people. The civil engineering industry accounted for 19% of the turnover. Ensuring the quality of construction projects is one way for contractors to reduce potential errors and deficiencies in their work. The cost of addressing these deficiencies typically amounts to around 5% of the total contract cost. A part of this is the self-inspections which, generally within the industry, have been at a low level and lacked credibility. One aspect of this is self-inspections, which have generally been at a low level in the industry and have had lower credibility, resulting in quality deficiencies in the work performed.   The purpose of this study is to analyze the significance of self-inspections and the requirements for execution and documentation. The study also aims to provide an overview of how quality management, specifically self-inspections, operates in the construction and civil engineering industry during the production phase. The goal of the study is to provide an updated analysis of the construction industry's work with self-inspections and identify further development opportunities to improve the level of the final product in the company.   A qualitative research method is employed in this study, as it seeks greater knowledge and understanding of the area under investigation, which is not solely based on raw data such as numbers and surveys. The data collected will be based on words and descriptions obtained through a semi-structured interview with a focus group.   The results of the study show that the main purpose of self-inspection for the company is to verify the quality of the work, ensure that the work was done correctly according to the construction documents, and to serve as evidence for billing purposes to the client. The study also shows that the administrative part and requirements from the client can take over, which could distract from other important tasks. The results also show that the company wants to move towards a more digitized self-inspection, which would ultimately reduce administrative work.   The general conclusions drawn from this study are that education on the importance of quality assurance is crucial in providing the necessary knowledge and tools and creating a culture that strives for high quality. Additionally, there is a need for industry-wide standards for self-inspections to promote uniformity, maintain a consistently high level of quality and credibility, facilitate collaboration and knowledge exchange, and promote sustainability within the construction industry. Specifically for the case company, the work on continuous improvement needs to be developed, including encouraging employees to constantly seek improvement opportunities, and creating an environment where knowledge and innovation are shared. Another conclusion from the study is the implementation of digital tools, which would enhance the company's work on self-inspections and quality. This would enable more efficient data collection, reduce the risk of errors, and save time and resources by minimizing paper handling. / Idag är byggbranschen en av de största branscherna i Sverige och omsatte närmare 600 miljarder kronor 2021 samt sysselsatte 341 500 personer. 19 % av omsättningen stod anläggningsbranschen för. Att säkra kvaliteten på byggprojekt är ett sätt för entreprenören att minska eventuella fel och brister på utfört arbete. Kostnaden för att avhjälpa dessa brister och fel ligger vanligtvis runt 5 % av den totala entreprenadkostnaden. En del i detta är egenkontrollerna som generellt i branschen har hållit en låg nivå och haft en sämre trovärdighet vilket lett till brister i kvalitet på utfört arbete.   Syftet med studien är att analysera innebörden av egenkontroller och vilka krav som ställs på utförande och dokumentation. Studien syftar också till att få en övergriplig bild av hur kvalitetsarbetet och mer specifikt egenkontroller fungerar i bygg- och anläggningsbranschen under produktionsfasen. Målet med studien är att ge en uppdaterad analys av byggbranschens arbete med egenkontroller och hitta fortsatta utvecklingsmöjligheter för att höja nivån på slutprodukten på företaget.   I denna studie så används en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod då det eftersöks en större kunskap och förståelse för området som undersöks som i stora drag inte heller baseras på rå data som exempelvis siffror och enkäter. Den data som kommer att tas fram baseras på ord och beskrivningar som fås fram genom en semistrukturerad intervju med fokusgrupp.   Resultatet av studien visar att det främsta syftet med egenkontrollerna för företaget är att kunna verifiera kvaliteten, att utfört moment gjordes korrekt efter bygghandlingar samt att det även fungerar som ett bevis gentemot beställare för att i slutändan kunna ta betalt. Vidare så visar studien på att den administrativa delen och kraven från beställare kan ta över hand vilket i sin tur tar fokus från andra uppgifter. Resultatet visar även på företaget vill gå mot en mer digitaliserad egenkontroll vilket i det långa loppet skulle minska de administrativa delarna.    De generella slutsatserna som kan dras av denna studie är att utbildning om vikten av kvalitetssäkring för att ge nödvändiga kunskaper och verktyg samt skapa en kultur där strävas efter att hålla en hög kvalitet. Sedan bör det även finnas branschövergripande standarder för egenkontroller för att byggbranschen ska kunna främja enhetlighet, hålla en jämnhög kvalitet och trovärdighet, underlätta samarbete och kunskapsutbyte samt främja hållbarhet. Mer specifikt för fallföretaget så skulle arbetet med ständig förbättring behöva utvecklas bland annat genom att uppmuntra medarbetare att hela tiden söka förbättringsmöjligheter och därigenom skapa en miljö där kunskaper och innovation delas. En annan av studiens slutsatser är att implementera digitala verktyg vilket är något som skulle utveckla fallföretaget arbete med egenkontroller och kvalitet. Detta skulle möjliggöra en effektivare datainsamling, minska risken för fel samt spara tid och resurser genom att minska pappershanteringen.

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A widely employed instructional design approach, the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model, has been one of the most popular and well documented instructional design models (Wilson, Jonassen, and Cole, 1993) for decades. Despite its widespread use, Thiagarajan, a leading instructional technologist, asserts that ADDIE, as an instructional design approach, is comparable to an outdated 1950's manufacturing model (Zemke, 2002). Since the 1950's, manufacturing has evolved, focusing initially on reducing inspection or evaluation costs and later on shifting these cost improvements throughout the organization. Just as manufacturing models and their application have evolved, service operations models such as instructional design models and especially their application are evolving. This dissertation reviews these changes in manufacturing models and associated service operations models in order to examine how these changes have informed instructional design models such as ADDIE and their usage in practice by those attempting to design conditions for learning and to create associated learning objects. In order to better understand how this shift may be applied to both theory and practice in instructional design, this dissertation uses an exploratory case study methodology to examine best practices in the inspection/evaluation process employed during the development of courses. This methodology reflects procedures used in a major study (Institute for Higher Education Policy, 2000). They followed a three-step process, which included a comprehensive literature review, the identification of subjects that "have substantial experience and are providing leadership in distance education." (p.9), and surveying leaders. In similar fashion, during the first phase of the study reported in this research, quality management and instructional design literature is reviewed. In the second phase, the case study subject, the Center for Instructional Design at a major university is selected. In the third phase, instructional design practices used at the Center were studied and areas for reducing inspection/evaluation costs were identified. Principles and methods surmised from the literature reviews and the case study research are presented along with application examples from the case study. These principles and methods illustrate how ADDIE has evolved and continues to be a viable model for the creation of instruction.