The purpose of this study is to examine how the values at an independent school with a religious profile influence teaching, classroom climate, and work culture from the teachers' perspectives. Using a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews, data was collected from teachers at the school. The analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, resulting in three main themes: the impact on teaching and classroom climate, the influence of values on the environment and interaction in the classroom, and reflection in collaboration and work culture. The results show that the values play a central role in creating an inclusive and respectful learning environment. Teachers use the school's religious profile to reinforce value principles, contributing to a cohesive and supportive school environment.  The study also identifies challenges in integrating values within a multicultural context. Limitations of the study include a gender imbalance among interviewees and the unique context of the specific school, which may affect generalizability. Future research should focus on exploring how different types of schools can work with their values to promote an inclusive and supportive learning environment. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur värdegrunden på en fristående skola med religiös profil påverkar undervisningen, klassrumsklimatet och arbetskulturen ur lärarnas perspektiv. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer har data samlats in från lärare på skolan. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av tematisk analys, vilket resulterade i tre huvudteman: påverkan på undervisning och klassrumsklimat, värdegrundens påverkan på miljön och interaktionen i klassrummet samt reflektion i samarbete och arbetskultur. Resultaten visar att värdegrunden spelar en central roll i att skapa en inkluderande och respektfull lärandemiljö. Lärarna använder skolans religiösa profil för att förstärka värdegrundsprinciperna, vilket bidrar till en sammanhängande och stödjande skolmiljö.  Studien identifierar även utmaningar med att integrera värdegrunden i en mångkulturell kontext. Begränsningarna i studien inkluderar en snedfördelning av kön bland intervjupersonerna och den specifika skolans unika kontext, vilket kan påverka generaliserbarheten. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att undersöka hur olika typer av skolor kan arbeta med sina värdegrunder för att främja en inkluderande och stödjande lärandemiljö.

This study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to investigate the experiences of African immigrant mothers living in the UK with a child diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Six mothers took part in one-off semi-structured interviews. The results indicated five themes: caring for a child we didn’t expect, the pain of stigma and rejection, making sense of our child’s difficulties and diagnosis, negotiating conflicting belief systems and faith as “key”. Many aspects of the mothers’ experiences appear related to their position as immigrants from cultures with very different belief systems regarding child development and disability. Stigma, blame and social isolation appeared to compound the difficulties they experienced. Conflicts between African cultural beliefs and a western, medical understanding of ASD, appeared to create a feeling of cognitive dissonance for the mothers. The strategies they used to negotiate this appear to map onto Berry’s (2005) acculturation strategies, suggesting the experience of having a child with ASD impacts upon the acculturation process. Implications for clinical practice and policy are discussed, including the importance of raising awareness of ASD among immigrant communities, supporting parents to integrate conflicting belief systems and facilitating the development of peer-support groups within minority communities.

Student mobility policies have become a high priority of the European Union since they are expected to result in private and social returns. However, at the same time these policies risk leading to unwanted geographical consequences, particularly brain drain from lagging to core regions, as formerly mobile students may not return on completion of their studies. Accordingly, this thesis focuses on both the private returns to student mobility and the determinants of return migration. It is important to note that, currently, the literature about the mobility of students is scarce and provides mixed evidence regarding both these issues. We contribute to the current academic debate in this field by doing a case study on the Master and Back programme, which was implemented since 2005 by the Italian lagging region of Sardinia. The programme is co-financed by the European Social Fund and consists of providing talented Sardinian students with generous scholarships to pursue Master's and Doctoral degrees in the world's best universities. Concerning the private returns to migration, we evaluate the impact of this scheme on the odds of employment and net monthly income of the recipients. Moreover, we assess whether the scheme has been able to improve their job matching. To perform this analysis we access unique administrative data on the recipients and a suitable control group, complemented by a purpose-designed web survey. In addition, we enquire into the determinants of return migration and the underlying decision-making process by using a mixed-methods approach, which is particularly well-suited for very complex phenomena like the one at hand.

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer comment les solidarités familiales, en particulier autour des parents vieillissants, se concrétisent dans les familles immigrantes chinoises. Ces solidarités familiales renvoient à un double contexte dont il faut tenir compte et qui constitue la spécificité de notre objet de recherche, à savoir celui de la migration internationale d’une part et de la politique de l’enfant unique en Chine, d’autre part. La méthode qualitative est utilisée dans cette recherche. Un échantillon de 14 participants ont été recrutés et rencontrés pour des entrevues. Le statut d’être immigrant, la catégorie d’immigration, être enfant unique ou non, et le sexe sont choisis comme des critères de sélection. La grille d’entretien, de type semi-directif couvrait les thèmes suivants : la motivation à immigrer en considérant des parents âgés, l’installation à Montréal, et des pratiques de solidarité familiale dans la vie quotidienne. Le cadre théorique mobilisé est celui de la solidarité intergénérationnelle proposée par Bengtson et al.. Ce cadre distingue six dimensions dans ces solidarités, à savoir la solidarité normative, affective, consensuelle, associative, fonctionnelle et structurelle. Les résultats montrent que l’inégalité de développement entre la Chine et le Canada est le facteur le plus important qui encourage la migration entre ces deux pays, ceci au prix d’une dispersion du réseau potentiel de solidarité. La surpopulation, la relation complexe au marché du travail, et la pollution, sont tous considérés comme des « push » facteurs de la Chine qui poussent à l’émigration. Du côté du Canada, des « pull » facteurs sont l’éducation, les ouvertures du marché du travail, un bon environnement, et une politique d’immigration incitative. Les immigrants chinois recourent beaucoup aux solidarités associatives et fonctionnelles. La communication transnationale et des voyages de retour sont deux formes importantes de la solidarité associative. Néanmoins, le mode et la fréquence de communication diffèrent beaucoup d’une personne à l’autre, ce qui est révélateur des formes de solidarité normative et de solidarité affective avec des membres de famille en Chine. Quant à la solidarité fonctionnelle, elle prend la forme d’échanges financiers, de « grandparenting » et les soins donnés aux parents âgés. Néanmoins, les immigrants chinois sont souvent forcés de faire certains compromis dans la mise en œuvre des solidarités car ils sont tributaires des limites inhérentes au contexte de migration et de la politique de l’enfant unique. / This study aims to explore how family solidarity, especially pertaining to elderly parents, is materialized in Chinese immigrant families in Montreal. These solidarities are restricted to the dual-context of international migration and the one-child policy, which distinguishes this study from others. The qualitative research method is used in this study. Fourteen participants were recruited for the interviews based on criteria such as their residence status in Canada, their immigration category, their gender, and their family structure (whether have siblings or not). The semi-directed interview grid was designed with the following themes: motivation to immigrate in consideration of the need of care for elderly parents, establishment in Montreal, and daily activities of family solidarity. To design the study and to analyze the data, the intergenerational solidarity theory from Bengtson et al., which is composed of six dimensions (normative, affective, consensual, associative, functional, and structural solidarity), was used. The results show that the different level of development between China and Canada is the core-motivating factor of migration between these two countries. The over-sized population, the complicated relationship in the job market, and the high-level of pollution are considered as “push” factors that drive people to emigrate from China. As for Canada, its “pull” factors are education, relatively simple relationship in job market, good environment, and its relatively welcoming immigration policy. The results also show that Chinese immigrants depend a lot on associative and functional solidarity while enacting transnational solidarity. Transnational communication and return visits are two important dimensions of associative solidarity. However, the method and the frequency of such a communication varies from person to person, which is strongly related to normative solidarity and affective solidarity with non-migrant parents. As for functional solidarity, it is usually manifested by financial exchange, grandparenting, and elderly care. However, Chinese immigrants have to compromise somehow while enacting functional solidarity because of the limited capacity determined by the two context of this study, namely international migration and the one-child policy.

This study is an enquiry into the processes shaping rural livelihoods in peripheral areas. The study is situated in the field of livelihood research and departs in the persistent crisis within African smallholder agriculture and in rural policy debates during the postindependence era. The research takes a critical stance to the way that people-centred and actor-oriented approaches have dominated livelihood research, thereby over-shadowing structural and macro-oriented features. The aim of this study is to, through a historical perspective on rural livelihoods and policy regimes, uncover the political and economic processes, with their discursive foundations, that shape contemporary rural livelihoods in peripheral areas. The analytical framework emphasises four key factors: ideas of development and modernity; the terms of incorporation into the global economy; rural policy regimes; smallholders’ ways of making a living. Inspiration is gained from critical political geography, world-systems analysis and different perspectives on rural livelihoods and development. The empirical study is based on fieldwork in Chipata District in Eastern Zambia, investigations at the National Archives of Zambia, the British National Archives and library research. The findings are presented in three parts. The first part looks into contemporary policies and the situation among smallholders in Chipata District. The second part examines the history of the area up to independence in 1964. The third part examines the post-independence period which links colonial experience to the contemporary situation. The findings suggest that smallholders’ livelihoods are shaped by long-term politicaleconomic- discursive processes, rooted in the terms of the study area’s integration into the world-economy in the colonial period. Colonial policies peripheralised the area through tax, labour, and market policies and the creation of native reserves, all of which have led to contemporary problems of food insecurity, soil depletion and a marginal role in agricultural markets. Since the inception of colonial rule, semi-proletarianisation has been a dominant process in the area. Current diversified livelihoods are more a contemporary expression of this semi-proletarianisation than a consequence of postcolonial policies. The households in the study area show preference for a farming way of life. However, the development goal of modernity has since long led to an ‘othering’ of smallholders, labelling them backwards and resistant to change. In the early twenty-first century this ‘othering’ has been played out through a development programme aimed at changing attitudes and mindsets among the farmers in line with individualistic and entrepreneurial behaviour. The ‘othering’ discourses of contemporary and colonial policymakers display striking similarities in this case.

No description available.

Dans le présent travail de recherche, nous proposons, à travers quelques essais empiriques, un nouveau regard sur les enjeux économiques de la migration internationale et le développement des pays d’origine. Tout d’abord, nous commençons par étudier le lien entre la migration internationale et le commerce extérieur en nous appuyant sur des données bilatérales d’un groupe de 27 pays, choisis selon des critères bien particuliers. Les résultats mettent en exergue un lien de complémentarité entre le commerce et la migration. Par la suite, nous étudions l’impact de la migration à travers d’autres canaux de transmissions tels que le capital humain et l’investissement. Il s’agit de retracer l’impact des transferts de fonds des migrants sur la croissance économique des pays d’origine de court et long terme. L’impact est ambigu dans l’espace et le temps. Enfin nous avons choisi de mener une étude complémentaire, à caractère micro-économique, et qui se focalise sur la migration de retour au pays du Maghreb et en particulier en Tunisie. Elle explique comment le migrant de retour contribue au développement de son pays d’origine à travers le canal investissement. Les résultats attestent un biais régional en défaveur de la région du Sud tunisien. / The present research proposes an attempt at explicitly analyzing the interrelationship between the economic effects of international migration and development in origin countries. By relying on bilateral data of a group of 27 countries selected according to very specific criteria, we start by studying the link between international migration and foreign trade, and show a complementary relationship between trade and migration. Then, we investigate the impact of migration through other transmission channels, such as human capital and investment, in order to trace the impact of migrants' remittances on economic growth of origin countries in the medium and long term. The impact is found ambiguous in space and time. Finally, we perform an additional study, at micro-economic level, which focuses on return migration to the Maghreb countries, with a particular attention to Tunisia. It aims at explaining how return migrants might contribute to the development of origin countries through the investment channel. The results show a regional bias to the detriment of the region of southern of Tunisia.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa uppsats var att belysa ämnet transferfasen och undersöka hur transferfasen påverkar vuxna immigranters psykiska och fysiska hälsa. För att fånga ämnets subjektiva dimension genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med två kvinnor och fyra män. Intervjuerna visade att alla informanter har genomgått en svår transferfas. För att analysera det empiriska materialet användes Lazarus och Folkmans copingteori. De resultat som framkommit i analysen visar att transferfasen har betydelse för immigrantens hälsa. Vidare visar resultatet att informanterna använde copingstrategier som ett verktyg för att orka hantera sin vardag. Undersökningen kan ligga till grund för andra forskare som i framtiden vill göra fortsatta studier av transferfasens betydelse för immigranten. / The purpose of this qualitative thesis was to examine the transfer-phase, and examine how the transfer-phase affects adult immigrant`s mental and physical health. To capture the subjective dimension of the subject semi-structured interviews with two women and four men were conducted. The interviews showed that all respondents had undergone a difficult transfer-phase. In order to analyze the empirical material, Lazarus and Folkman's coping theory was used. The results obtained in the analysis shows that the transfer-phase is important for immigrant`s health. Furthermore, the results show that the informants used coping strategies as a tool for managing their daily lives. The study may form the basis for other researchers who in the future want to make further studies of the importance of the transfer-phase for the immigrant.

Since 2001, Australia’s increasingly securitised and exclusionary asylum policy has been legitimated through a damaging discourse surrounding people who seek asylum. This discourse, reinforced by successive Australian Prime Ministers, has been instrumental in shaping policies which have a devastating human impact. While political elites across the West are distancing themselves from a discourse of inclusive multiculturalism, Australia continues to celebrate its multicultural success despite the ongoing tension between a rhetoric of inclusion and one justifying exclusion. Since discourse is both productive and reflective of the social world, shaping discourse can be understood as a means to shape reality. This thesis explores how discourse is constructed and reproduced through framing; a discursive practice that influences how certain issues are understood. The texts analysed are those in which Australian Prime Ministers and senior political figures defend policies of exclusion against people who seek asylum by boat as part of a broader policy vision for a Safe, Secure & Free Australia. In order to contrast the frames, narratives and discourses associated with exclusion, communications promoting the policy vision of an inclusive Multicultural Australia have also been analysed. The frames identified in the material reproduce particular narratives which help to maintain the hegemonic position of discourses which present Australia as a humanitarian, welcoming and inclusive multicultural society and situate people who seek asylum by boat as illegal, seeking an unfair advantage, and as a threat to national security. By identifying frames that consistently appear in the messaging of Australian political elites, we can understand how certain narratives have come to be accepted as truth.

The PhD thesis 'Vietnamese in Czechia and the world: migration and adaptation tendencies' sheds light on the development of international migration of the Vietnamese since the mid 20th century to the present with special emphasis on Czechia as a country of destination. The main aim is to identify the key factors that initiate international migration of the Vietnamese and how they determine main directions of these movements, affect migrants' and non-migrants' expectations and determine adaptation strategies. In this respect, the methodology of the paper is based on the combination of macro-level and micro-level approaches. Therefore, the thesis brings an analysis of main structural factors encouraging international migration of the Vietnamese such as economic development, economic and political reforms Đổi Mới and pro-emigration policy of the Vietnamese government; and also an analysis of actors' personal interpretations of these factors. The key part of the thesis is also identifying the transformation of importance of these factors depending on the stage of migration and on the socio-economic-political context of migration or migration-decision making. The paper stems from the analysis of available statistical data and legal documents, and results of three-year research, which was carried out...