The purpose of this study was to investigate psychiatric staff’s descriptions of working with children of the clients and furthermore to analyse recollections on how the staff supports their clients in their parenting role. We’ve taken inspiration from a hermeneutic approach and conducted interviews with four individuals in closed psychiatry. The interviews was carried out using a semistructured conversation methodology. The analysis of staff depositions in our study shows that the work with the children happens both direct and indirect. It also shows that staff feel that they must have the ability to see their clients individual needs of emotional support, but also that their working to strengthen the clients self trust. The staff has to be aware that their work indirectly have an impact on the client’s children. As psychiatric staff it’s important to support the client in their current situation. As a professional, you should also be able to see everyone’s equal value, independent of diagnosis or committed crimes.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to investigate what approach or approaches the Church of Sweden have to meditation and how meditation is used by the parishes that this investigation is built upon. I have made two question formulations to meet this purposes:  Why does the parishes I have studied organize meditation?  How is meditation used and performed by the parishes in the Church of Sweden that I have studied? I have in order to answer this questions used a ritual theoretic model, composed of Peter Habbe´s theory as it is described in Att se och tänka med ritual – kontrakterande ritualer i de isländska släktsagorna and Caroline Humphrey and James Laidlaw´s ritual theory that is presented in their work The Archetypal Actions of Ritual – A theory of ritual illustrated by the Jain rite of worship. The theoretical model that I have put together consists of what is characterizing a ritual, and through this model I have examined my empirical material, the phenomenon of meditation and how it crystallizes in the context of the Church of Sweden. The empirical material consists of five interviews with five leaders of meditation in the Church of Sweden and three participative observations at three meditation occasions held by parishes in the Church of Sweden. The interviews are qualitative deep interviews that have a semi–structured nature. Based on this material, I have then typologized the phenomenon through my theoretical model and from there answered the research questions that my purpose demanded. The meditation in the parishes that I have visited in this study are very similar, and there is conformity among the parishes in order how the meditation is to be executed. The most differentiating inquiry among the parishes is why they are organizing meditation, if it is because the participants are to embrace the Christian faith, or if everyone is free to participate with the faith or non–faith he or she has got. In this question there is a split up in two groups among my informants, those who deem that the meditation has to have a pronounced Christian orientation, and those who deem that it isn´t possible to divide the meditation activity in confession or non–confession, and that it is up to everyone to decide the orientation of the meditation. / Denna c-uppsats har som syfte att undersöka vilket eller vilka förhållningsätt Svenska kyrkan har till aktiviteten meditation och hur den används inom de församlingar som ligger till grund för denna undersökning. För att möta denna föresats har jag formulerat två frågeställningar:  Varför anordnar de församlingar jag studerat meditation?  Hur används och utförs meditation av de församlingar i Svenska kyrkan jag studerat? För att besvara dessa frågor har jag använt mig av en ritualteoretisk modell, sammansatt av Peter Habbes teori som beskrivs i Att se och tänka med ritual – kontrakterande ritualer i de isländska släktsagorna samt Caroline Humphrey och James Laidlaws ritualteori som läggs fram i deras verk The Archetypal Actions of Ritual – A theory of ritual illustrated by the Jain rite of worship. Den teoretiska modell jag satt samman utifrån dessa teorier består av vad som karaktäriserar ett ritual och jag har genom denna undersökt mitt empiriska material och fenomenet meditation och hur det utkristalliserar sig i Svenska kyrkans kontext. Mitt empiriska material består av fem intervjuer med fem meditationsledare inom Svenska kyrkan samt tre deltagande observationer på tre meditationstillfällen anordnade av församlingar inom Svenska kyrkan. Intervjuerna är kvalitativa djupintervjuer som är semi–strukturerade till sin natur. Utifrån detta material har jag sedan typologiserat fenomenet utifrån min teoretiska modell och därifrån besvarat de forskningsfrågor som mitt syfte krävt. Meditationen inom de olika församlingarna jag har besökt i denna studie är mycket likartad och det råder konformitet mellan församlingarna när det gäller hur de utför och lär ut meditation. Det som skiljer mest mellan församlingarna är frågan om varför man anordnar meditation, om det är för att deltagarna ska anamma den kristna tron eller om var och en är fri att delta med den tro eller icke–tro hen har. I denna fråga kan mina informanter delas upp i två grupper, de som anser att meditationen måste ha en uttalat kristen inriktning för att användas inom Svenska kyrkan, och de som anser att meditation inte kan delas in i konfessionell eller icke–konfessionell och att det är upp till var och en att bestämma inriktning på meditationen.

This paper is about multilingualism in school and how teachers work with pupils who haveanother native language then Swedish. The aim of the study is to find out how teachers workwith Swedish as second language and what they found functional in their classroom. Theresearch questions are about how teachers defines Swedish as second language, how teacherswork and which work procedures that they think give a positive effect on the pupil’sknowledge. From the interviews with teachers from two different schools I have found out that it isimportant to proceed from the pupil’s experience and knowledge. The education in Swedishas second language is structured differently but the common thing is that the pupils will workwith the same thing as their classmates. Swedish as second language is a subject for thosepupils who have another native language than Swedish. It is also important to involve thelanguage in every subject in school, for example mathematics and natural science, to createunderstanding and this can be made by building a bridge between the pupil’s native languageand the Swedish. / Den här studien handlar om flerspråkighet i skolan och hur lärare arbetar med flerspråkiga elever. Syftet är att ta reda på hur lärare arbetar med svenska som andraspråk och vad de tycker fungerar i undervisningen. Forskningsfrågorna handlar om hur svenska som andraspråk definieras, hur lärare arbetar och vilka arbetssätt lärare tycker är kunskapsutvecklande för eleverna. Genom att intervjua tre lärare från två olika skolor har jag genom studien kommit fram till att det är viktigt att utgå från elevernas erfarenheter och kunskaper. Undervisningen i svenska som andraspråk ser olika ut på skolorna men gemensamt för dem är att de utgår från att eleverna ska arbeta med samma saker som övriga klasskamrater. Svenska som andraspråk är ett ämne för de elever som har ett annat modersmål än svenska. Det är också viktigt att arbeta med språket i alla undervisning för att skap förståelse hos eleverna och detta kan göras genom att skapa en brygga mellan elevernas modersmål och svenskan.

<p>PROBLEM DISCUSSION: Vaggeryd is a small municipality Småland. In addition to its</p><p>strategic position along the main traffic route E4, Vaggeryd is very interesting also because</p><p>of its advanced view on growing of the business sector, in both short and long-term per-</p><p>spective.</p><p>To meet that goal the municipality of Vaggeryd started to invest in “Egenföretagareutbildningen”</p><p>EFU in cooperation with Jönköping International Business School (JIBS). The</p><p>main idea is that students attend the courses that are held by JIBS and during their studies start their own business in a local business incubator called Fenix.</p><p>PURPOSE: To host such education requires a huge amount of energy and resources from</p><p>the municipality, which consequently would like to get answers to questions like “Is it worth investing in the education?” or “What are the results of such education?”</p><p>The aim of this paper is to give the answers to those crucial questions though I believe that</p><p>the time that has passed from the beginning of the education is too short and that the</p><p>number of the students was not large enough to get definitive answers.</p><p>This paper concentrates on a narrow part of the qualitative research methods – an inter-</p><p>view. It is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and the empirical findings.</p><p>FINDINGS: The research showed that six students out of a total of ten from generation 2005 started a new venture, three will take over a family business, and one has not decided</p><p>to start a business yet. Of six students in generation 2003 four have started a business and one of them finished in bankruptcy, one plans to start a business in the future and one does not have a good business idea.</p><p>RECOMMENDATIONS: Answers that the interviews returned gave interesting sugges-</p><p>tions to both the municipality of Vaggeryd and JIBS about how to improve EFU. I would</p><p>emphasise two, I believe, the most important recommendations. First municipality has to</p><p>attract neighbouring municipalities in the EFU project. In addition, a greater effort should be made to help students build a spider’s web of business contacts.</p>

This study explored public library provision to the Tamil Community in Singapore using a focus group methodology. Results of the study were analysed and implications for the library services for the Tamil community in Singapore outlined. Improvement is needed in collections, facilities, programming and services, particularly in the area of provision to young people. Among other suggestions, the participants proposed an Internet portal in Tamil. Many indicated that the library could help in promoting the usage of Tamil language in Singapore through facilitating the reading and use of the Tamil language. Participants perceived this as vital to preserve the Tamil culture in Singapore and ensure its survival as part of the country’s unique cultural heritage in the future. The Tamil language among the other Indian languages has been given official status in Singapore, and this recognition of Tamil as a national language has given the Tamils intrinsic satisfaction. The language provides them with a living link to their ethnic culture. They believe the library can help them regain their cultural identities and also assist them in repositioning themselves well in Singaporean society. The contribution of this study to the professional literature is the idea of cultural identity being central in public library services to special user groups.

Inom intensivvård bedrivs omvårdnad i en högteknologisk miljö. Flera av patienterna är i behov av andningshjälp i form av ventilatorbehandling vilket medför att patienten är sederad och har en endotrachealtub i trachea. Patienten kan inte själv utföra sin munvård och blir därför beroende av intensivvårdsjuksköterskans hjälp. Syftet med studien var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans erfarenhet av munvård av intuberade intensivvårdspatienter. Studien utfördes med en fokusgruppsintervju och analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Kategorierna som framkom i studien var att munvård handlar om prioritering, risker, teamarbete och kommunikation, utförande, patientperspektiv och ansvar. Förslag på fortsatt forskning skulle kunna leda till ett validerat bedömningsinstrument för munvård av intuberad patient samt evidensbaserade riktlinjer för munvård. / Intensive care is conducted in a high technological environment. Many of the patients are in need of breathing assistance with the help of a ventilator, which means that the patient is sedated and intubated. The patients can´t perform their oral care by themselves and therefore dependent on the help of intensive care nurses. The purpose of this study was to elucidate critical care nurses' experiences of oral care in intubated ICU patients. The study was performed with a focus group interview and analyzed by a content analysis. The categories that emerged from the study were that oral care is about priorities, risks, teamwork and communication, performance, patient perspective and responsibility. Suggestions for further research could lead to a validated assessment tool for oral care of intubated patients and evidensbased guidelines for oral care.

Film is a medium which is mainly used for entertainment. It is a medium that is constantly expanding, and beside from it being a relaxing activity it can also be used for educational purposes. This is an aspect of film that should be valued, since it has the possibility to engage, educate and move its viewers. This is a study which aim is to analyze how employees within the care of disabled in Umeå have perceived educational movies. The movies that the staff has watched are a part of a basic training program, which all employees are required to fulfill. It is a total of three movies that have been watched by the workers. To examine their opinions six qualitative interviews were held with members of the staff. This study has therefor analyzed the employees’ views of the movies, rather than the movies themselves. The interviews were later analyzed in relation to the study’s theories, which include reception analyses, encoding/decoding and learning within an organization.The study has shown that the educational movies had both positive and negative aspects. When it comes to the movies' content, the informants had mostly positive things to say. They liked the information, the way the movies were made and have in some aspects incorporated what they learnt from the movies in their everyday life. When it comes to the experience of watching the movies, the informants have a more negative view. This mostly comes from the fact that they were disturbed while watching the movies, but also tired since they watched the movies late in the afternoon. These factors made it hard for the employees to concentrate while watching the movies.The study have shown that both the movies' content and the experience of watching the movies play two key roles in how the employees have perceived them. It is important that both parts satisfy the staff, in order for the organization to get their message across.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att se hur lärare i årskurs 1, 3 och 6 i olika socioekonomiska områden resonerar kring fostran i skolan. Studien grundar sig i en fundering som framkom i och med min C-uppsats: hur ser lärare på begreppet fostran? I den svenska läroplanen talas det om en fostran som inte är definierad och då det är lärarna som senare ska implementera sin tolkning av begreppet i sin verksamhet, är det intressant att se hur lärare resonerar kring begreppet. Denna studie utgår ifrån sex stycken forskningsfrågor som syftar till att belysa hur de intervjuade lärarna ser på fostran i skolan: vad fostran är och hur det kommer till uttryck; vad lärarna utgår ifrån när de fostrar; om det är någon skillnad mellan olika årskurser och sociala områden samt om de anser att det finns någon gräns mellan skolans och hemmets ansvar i fostran av eleverna. Studien bygger på semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sex stycken lärare på låg- och mellanstadiet i olika socioekonomiska områden. Empirin har analyserats med semantisk innehållsanalys genom att det insamlade materialet har kodats och tilldelats tematiska rubriker. Resultatet visar att lärarna har reflekterat relativt lite över begreppet fostran och vad det kan innebära. Tre huvudkategorier gällande fostran framkom: att föra över samhällets normer och värderingar till eleverna; att eleverna ska lära sig att umgås tillsammans i grupp och att eleverna ska lära sig hur man beter sig i klassrummet. Inga betydande skillnader framkom mellan hur de intervjuade lärarna resonerar kring fostran, varken i de olika årskurserna eller i de olika sociala områdena men i området som var mindre kulturellt homogent fokuserade lärarna lite mer på att försöka överbygga dessa skillnader. Det framkom inte heller någon skillnad angående lärarnas utgångspunkter för fostran utan de tog alla upp sunt förnuft och personliga erfarenheter som utgångspunkter. Angående forskningsfrågan om var de intervjuade lärarna upplever att en gräns mellan hemmet och skolans ansvar går var svaren varken entydiga eller tydliga. Den egentliga enda gemensamma uppfattningen bland lärarna var att det är elevens grundläggande fysiska nödvändigheterna som definitivt ligger på föräldrarnas ansvarsområde. Lärarna uttrycker en önskan om att inte behöva fostra eleverna och menar att det egentligen inte ingår i deras yrke, även om verkligheten dock ser annorlunda ut. Lärarna upplever att det över tid har blivit mer fostran för dem och mindre för föräldrarna då lärarna också får hantera och lösa saker som händer utanför skolans domän. Resultaten har analyserats med hjälp av läroplansteori och utifrån teorier om den dolda läroplanen. Analysen visade att lärarnas uppfattning om fostran är relaterat till det som händer i samhället samt att fostran inte bara handlar om att skapa demokratiska medborgare utan det handlar även om att skapa normaliserade människor som har en förmåga att anpassa sig till och följa regler. Förslag för framtida forskning är bl.a. studier över hur elever och föräldrar ser på fostran för att på så sätt kunna få en mer heltäckande bild över vad fostran i dagens skola innebär.

Over the last two decades public service broadcasting (PSB) around the world has faced increasing pressures from accelerating commercialisation and the fragmentation of the broadcasting landscape. This has led a number of media commentators in the system's traditional heartlands to ask whether the idea has now outlived its usefulness. Against the grain of this international trend, Taiwan has moved in the opposite direction, democratising its state-owned television system and introducing a form of public broadcasting for the first time. Against the grain of growing enthusiasm for a privatised solution supporters presented PSB as a necessary counter to the perceived deficiencies of the existing system, in serving a society moving from authoritarian to competitive party rule. This study sets out to explore how the expansion of PSB in Taiwan has been socially defined and constructed, and by whom. The various constructions in play were mapped through in-depth interviews with a range of claim-makers involved in the process. A systematic content analysis of the mainstream Taiwanese press was then conducted to explore the ways contending positions and issues were presented in the public domain and to identify the key voices given a public platform. This analysis demonstrated that the opinions and concerns of the general public were largely missing from a debate dominated by political and academic elites. Against the grain of their own claims to be representing the public key actors constructed public debate as a series of monologues, advancing their own sectional and paternalistic interpretations of the public interest. These findings point to the supremely ironic conclusion that a process ostensibly dedicated to reconstructing broadcasting as key element in a new, democratic, public sphere, excluded the public from active participation and relegated them to the role of spectators.

This bachelor thesis had the aim to investigate how young female students experience their safety situation in their own neighbourhood, around the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Previous research shows that women tend to feel more fear of crime in public spaces than men, and this feeling is restricting their mobility in time and space. This gender structure is a worldwide phenomenon and is by feminist geographers explained as an expression of the patriarchy. A phenomenological approach was used in this research to gain an understanding of how this gender structure is affecting individual female’s lives. The used method was focus group interviews and two groups were interviewed, with totally seven respondents. The sessions were analysed by using constructivist grounded theory and partly narrative analysis. The interviewees explained that there were certain spaces that they experience as dangerous, foremost dark places without visibility and few people passing. They also stated that places where people had been robbed, raped or kidnapped earlier were more threating. The potential criminal was portrayed as a non-student male, and the male students were described as their potential protectors. The fear was always present in their lives, they felt more or less unsafe in all parts of the campus and even in their homes. This threat restricted their daily mobility in both time and space, and they used different strategies to avoid different types of crimes.