Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) prevail in their business communities and constitute the base of many nations’ economies. As a reason it is vital that SMEs show their active engagement and relatedness of their CSR activities making them at the core of their business strategies, as well as maintain their role as responsible citizens in their communities.CSR activities and practices being mainly developed by large corporations impede the way they can be applied on their smaller counterparts; ultimately leading to different results. SMEs require different solutions and run in different settings, which afford them unique opportunities to become sustainable enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of CSR engagement in Småland, Sweden. The study was divided into two parts, social (community wise) and environmental. We aimed to understand the reasons behind engagement and non-engagement in this matter. Also, it was important to find a pattern for future development of CSR among SMEs. We relied on previous research conducted for SMEs around Europe, and compared mainly the results from Sweden to our research findings. This study was largely done by using the quantitative survey method, where a questionnaire was designed to collect the results. Descriptive and exploratory statistics is at the core of interpreting the results. Some of the findings were confirmed by previous research while the rest were either unprecendeted or surprising, both in a positive and negative way. The CSR involvement was highly related to the size of the companies, in total more than half of the companies were involved to some extent. The main reasons for involvement in local communities were ethical as well as to satisfy own employees. The reasons for non-engagement were due to lack of resources, time and money, but also the fact that many companies simply never thought about engagement. When it comes to the environmental part, the results showed that companies act very responsibly. They are also aware and compliant to legislations and have environmental policies. Again, ethical reasons were the main driving force behind environmental concerns for the companies, but also the enhancement of the image was a chief reason. In general, companies do not seem to find economical benefits behind the engagement in CSR and less than half of the companies that engage in social responsibilities today are planning on continuing in the near future. Social involvement is voluntary and companies choose to do it mainly because of ethical reasons. On an overall basis, the engagement of SMEs in social activities is quite weak to moderate, while in environmental engagement the results are to some extent more optimistic. However, we cannot allege that a handful of Smålands SMEs see the full business benefits of engagement and as a result they cannot be said to be working towards ‘doing well by doing good’. Policy makers, municipalities and larger firms need to support the SMEs in their further engagement.

Latinos are now the largest public school minority population in the U.S. Because of a shift in the states, cities, and counties where Latinos are choosing to live, many schools that did not previously serve substantial numbers of Latinos are doing so now. Additionally, many of the Latinos in these new settlement areas are recent immigrants who speak little or no English. This qualitative study examined how immigrant Latino parents who speak little or no English supported their children in the English-speaking school system of the U.S. It specifically examined how 12 Spanish-speaking parents negotiated language and culture with their children's school in a new settlement area in the state of Utah. From the interviews I conducted with the Latino parents and school staff members, along with school observations and the collection of other data such as forms and notices, I examined how the parents negotiated language and culture with the school. I then analyzed the themes that emerged from this collection of data using a theoretical framework consisting of postcolonial theory, social and cultural capital, and the concept of social discourses. Major themes that emerged included the concern the parents had for their children's education, the parents' limited participation in the school discourse, children serving as language brokers, the maintenance and growth of their children's heritage language, the hegemony of the English language, and issues involving social and cultural capital, linking capital, and racism. Recommendations include assuring availability of interpreters, increasing bridging and linking capital, supporting children's heritage language, and being culturally sensitive and proactive to reduce racism. Hopefully, this research will add to the literature that will help educators better serve the growing Latino school population.

Authors: Sjöberg, Amelie 880410 Wallgren, Christopher 890131   Background: Due to the current competitive climate, it is of major importance for firms to distinguish and differentiate their products compared to the competitors. To achieve that, the firms need to offer a product that the customers want. Firms can integrate with external sources and receive valuable information regarding references and needs. Customer relationship management (CRM) have become a tool firm commonly use in order to receive this information. CRM is a much discussed topic among researchers, and the researchers argue that it is of major importance to identify CRM activities that generates profitability and successful performance to the firm   Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of customer relationship management (CRM) on product innovation in Scandinavian firms.   Method: The survey generated 61 responses from service and manufacturing firms operating on the Scandinavian market (Sweden, Norway and Denmark). The surveys were accessible through Keysruvey.com in April 2013 and generated a response rate of 14% Conclusion: The major conclusion of this research is that all Hypotheses were supported, which indicates that customer involvement, information sharing and long-term partnership has a positive impact on product innovation.

In order to better understand the specific mechanisms that may hinder high educational achievement among Latino students, this study explored the impact of parental working hours on parental involvement and school outcomes across three generations of Mexican-American youth. Results from a longitudinal data set revealed that constrained parental availability, related to increased working hours, had an impact on the amount of parental involvement for third generation students, but not on their academic outcomes. For first-generation students, parental monitoring (a form of parental involvement) was a significant positive predictor for grade 8 and 10 reading scores as well as high school completion among second-generation students. Results from this study suggest that increased parental monitoring may be beneficial for higher academic outcomes for first and second generation students. Future research will need to investigate what types of parental involvement may influence third generation students.

In order to better understand the specific mechanisms that may hinder high educational achievement among Latino students, this study explored the impact of parental working hours on parental involvement and school outcomes across three generations of Mexican-American youth. Results from a longitudinal data set revealed that constrained parental availability, related to increased working hours, had an impact on the amount of parental involvement for third generation students, but not on their academic outcomes. For first-generation students, parental monitoring (a form of parental involvement) was a significant positive predictor for grade 8 and 10 reading scores as well as high school completion among second-generation students. Results from this study suggest that increased parental monitoring may be beneficial for higher academic outcomes for first and second generation students. Future research will need to investigate what types of parental involvement may influence third generation students.

In Canada and internationally, policy makers are moving towards more comprehensive and integrated service delivery models for early learning that include parent involvement and support as integral to their design. The current study was part of an ongoing evaluation of the Best Start project in Peel Region, a municipality in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Best Start aims to integrate preschool, junior/senior kindergarten, child care, public health and parenting programs into a seamless, easily accessible early child development system. This study examined whether parents with kindergarten children enrolled in Best Start schools, where kindergarten and child care were co-located and service integration was underway, would report lower levels of parenting daily hassles compared to parents of children in demographically similar schools where there was no service integration. Parental perceptions about hassles specific to child care and early learning settings were measured using the Early Childhood-Parenting Daily Hassles Scale (EC-PDH) (Arimura, 2008). Three areas of parenting stress that could potentially be reduced through service integration were explored: (1) seamless day – seamless access to care, education and family support; (2) connectedness – parents feeling involved and connected to their child’s school; and (3) parenting capacity – parents feeling confident in their parenting role. The study also combined hassles scores from Best Start and comparison schools to examine all parents’ involvement in the early learning and care system and the hassles they may or may not face on a daily basis as a function of parent demographics and program usage. Parents from 369 families in 10 schools were included in this study. Although Best Start parents did not report lower levels of parenting daily hassles compared to comparison parents, qualitative analyses at Best Start sites where parents used child care suggested that parents were feeling supported and they were forging positive relationships with staff. The positive relationships reported among parents and ECEs or other staff were not as frequent between parents and kindergarten teachers. Combined data indicated that all parents seemed to be experiencing the greatest hassles in the parenting capacity domain. Results are discussed in terms of policy implications for parent involvement in integrated full-day early learning programs such as full-day kindergarten.

In Canada and internationally, policy makers are moving towards more comprehensive and integrated service delivery models for early learning that include parent involvement and support as integral to their design. The current study was part of an ongoing evaluation of the Best Start project in Peel Region, a municipality in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Best Start aims to integrate preschool, junior/senior kindergarten, child care, public health and parenting programs into a seamless, easily accessible early child development system. This study examined whether parents with kindergarten children enrolled in Best Start schools, where kindergarten and child care were co-located and service integration was underway, would report lower levels of parenting daily hassles compared to parents of children in demographically similar schools where there was no service integration. Parental perceptions about hassles specific to child care and early learning settings were measured using the Early Childhood-Parenting Daily Hassles Scale (EC-PDH) (Arimura, 2008). Three areas of parenting stress that could potentially be reduced through service integration were explored: (1) seamless day – seamless access to care, education and family support; (2) connectedness – parents feeling involved and connected to their child’s school; and (3) parenting capacity – parents feeling confident in their parenting role. The study also combined hassles scores from Best Start and comparison schools to examine all parents’ involvement in the early learning and care system and the hassles they may or may not face on a daily basis as a function of parent demographics and program usage. Parents from 369 families in 10 schools were included in this study. Although Best Start parents did not report lower levels of parenting daily hassles compared to comparison parents, qualitative analyses at Best Start sites where parents used child care suggested that parents were feeling supported and they were forging positive relationships with staff. The positive relationships reported among parents and ECEs or other staff were not as frequent between parents and kindergarten teachers. Combined data indicated that all parents seemed to be experiencing the greatest hassles in the parenting capacity domain. Results are discussed in terms of policy implications for parent involvement in integrated full-day early learning programs such as full-day kindergarten.

2012年9月，NCC終於初步解禁置入性行銷，並公布有關於電視節目置入的暫行條款。事實上，美日等先進國家之置入性行銷早已成熟，韓國政府也鼓勵韓國企業進行置入，以資助影視產業的發展，而台灣雖然過去已有業者進行置入性行銷，但囿於法令限制，在置入性行銷的發展仍是相當遲緩的，也因此，台灣在影視產業一直得不到到足夠的資金去拍攝優質影片。 幸好，目前政府已逐步開放置入性行銷，不過目前國內廠商對於置入性行銷收費標準仍然相當混亂，因此，本研究期盼能透過釐清各置入點之效果以提供國內廠商收費的參考指標。過去研究置入性行銷效果多以問卷方式調查，然而使用問卷方式調查會有事後回憶誤差等問題，本研究採用眼動儀來直接測量受測者之收視過程，紀錄受測者之眼球掃視軌跡以及凝視個數、凝視時間，輔以問卷測量消費者之回憶度、辨識度、品牌態度以及購買意願，以更嚴謹的方式找出最佳置入點。 本研究參考過往文獻，找出涉入度以及置入手法兩個自變項，確認涉入度與置入手法對於消費者在觀看戲劇時是否有不同的感受，怎麼樣的情形置入效果會最佳。 研究以實驗法進行，自變項為涉入度以及置入手法，因此本研究將受測者分為高涉入度顯性、高涉入度隱性、低涉入度顯性、低涉入度隱性共四組。研究結果發現，顯性置入與隱性置入在受測者回憶度上有顯著的差別，且在隱性置入的情況，低涉入度的產品相較於高涉入度的產品更容易被忽略。 研究也發現，受測者在觀賞戲劇時，影響置入效果最大的因素是置入產品與劇情的相關性，其餘的影響因素還有大小、顏色、位置、競爭等要素， 建議未來廠商在進行置入時可依據本身產品特性並考慮各種影響因素，以達到最佳置入效果。 / Because of our government’s restriction, in the past few years, product placement has always been a debated issue. Due to these restrictions, our TV and movie industries are always lack of funding to produce high quality content. Fortunately, on 2012 August, NCC finally agreed gradually deregulation. However, our development of product placement still falls behind other countries and the charging standard is still in a mess. In order to provide domestic firms a charging reference, we started this research, hoping to understand the effect of every location. Instead of using questionnaire as our only measurement, we also use eye tracking to help us understand the effect more clearly. According to the references, we found out product placement and involvement as our independent variables and divided our subjects to four groups. Those are high involvement explicit, low involvement explicit, high involvement implicit and low involvement implicit. The research outcome shows that different location would bring to significantly different degree of recall. People who were exposure to the explicit drama clip would have higher degree of recall than those who were exposure in the implicit drama clip. And we also found out that if our product was a low involvement product, the product would not be noticed especially in the implicit drama clip. We also found that when people saw a drama, the most important factor to affect their memory was the product’s connection with the plot. Other factors were color, size, placement and competition. We suggested that when domestic firms want to make a product placement, they could consider their own product’s attribute and all these factors together to make the best product placement effect.

The goal of this essay was to study if the way gaming review sites presented their review evaluation has any influences the level of product involvement in the users it attracts. The assumption we did during the essay was that there was a connection between user’s level of product involvement and the quality of the community. To test this assumption we started out by performing observations on the comment sections in three gaming news sites which varied in their method for evaluating games. The result of these observations showed a significantly higher community quality in one of the websites. To see if this had any connection to the level of product involvement in the users and their preferences regarding evaluation method in reviews we distributed a questionnaire in gaming forums. The overall result of this essay showed that the review site which didn’t show a number in its scoring had the higher community quality but no connections could be found between this and level of involvement users had regarding gaming.

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar att vårdstudenter har stor nytta av att få delta i patientarbete i sin utbildning och fortsatta yrkeskarriär. Patienter i hälso- och sjukvård har generellt en positiv attityd till studentmedverkan. Dock är forskningen om vilken uppfattning patienter inom psykiatrisk vård har till studentmedverkan mycket begränsad. Syfte: Att undersöka hur patienter inom psykiatrisk vård upplever studenters medverkan i vården Metod: Kvantitativ studie, en enkätstudie. Patienter från tre verksamhetsområden på ett universitetsjukhus i Mellansverige tillfrågades om att svara på enkätfrågor. Resultat: Resultatet blev 655 besvarade enkäter. Av respondenterna uppgav 95 % att de ansåg att det var viktigt att studenter får träffa patienter under sin utbildning. Sjuttiosex procent var bekväma med att studenter deltar i vårdbesöket och 61 % var bekväma med att träffa studenter för enskilt samtal. Kvinnliga patienter var mindre bekväma med manliga studenter i jämförelse med kvinnliga studenter, de var också mindre bekväma om studenten var mycket ung. För manliga patienter hade vare sig kön eller ålder på studenten någon betydelse för hur bekväma de var med studentmedverkan. Patienter som träffat studenter tidigare var överlag mer bekväma med studentmedverkan. Slutsats: Patienter inom psykiatrisk vård har en positiv attityd till studentmedverkan, för kvinnliga patienter har studentens kön betydelse för hur bekväma de är. Patienter vill bli tillfrågade om studentmedverkan i god tid och på ett respektfullt sätt. Om handledare utbildas i vad som är viktigt för patienter att få veta innan de beslutar sig för om en student får delta eller inte, kommer det ytterligare öka möjligheterna för studentmedverkan.   Nyckelord: Psykiatrisk vård, Studentmedverkan, Patienters attityder / ABSTRACT Background: Previous research shows that nursing students benefit greatly from participation in patient care in their education and future careers. Patients in health care generally have a positive attitude to student participation. However, research on how patients in psychiatric care perceive student participation is very limited. Aim: To investigate how patients in psychiatric care experience student involvement in their care. Method: Quantitative study, a questionnaire study. Patients from three psychiatric departments at a university hospital in central Sweden were asked to respond to survey questions. Result: The result showed 655 completed questionnaires. Of the respondents, 95 % stated that it was important that students get to meet patients during their training. Seventy-six percent were comfortable with students participating in the health care visits and 61 % were comfortable with meeting students for individual conversation. Female patients were less comfortable with male students compared to female students and they were also less comfortable if the student was very young. For male patients either the sex or the age of the student was of any significance to how comfortable they were with student participation. Patients who had met students previously were generally more comfortable with student participation. Conclusion: Patients in psychiatric care has a positive approach to student participation, for female patients the student’s gender has an impact on how comfortable they are. Patients want to be consulted on student participation in a timely and respectful manner. If supervisors are trained in what is important for patients to know before they decide whether a student may participate or not, it will further increase opportunities for student participation. Alpha Keywords: Psychiatric Care, Student Involvement, Patient Attitudes.