The molecular characterization of twenty six Theileria spp. isolates and one C. felis isolate were done on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, the 5.8S gene, and the two internal transcribed spacer regions using gDNA. The SSU rRNA gene is increasingly accepted as a widely used marker for characterization, taxonomic classification, and phylogenetic analysis and this gene has been sequenced from a variety of different organisms, resulting in a large database for sequence comparisons (Chae et al. 1998; Chae et al., 1999 a,b,c; Stockham et al., 2000; Cossio-Bayugar et al., 2002; Gubbels et al., 2000). The genomic region consists of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1), the 5.8S gene, and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) (ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2 gene region) and separates the SSU rRNA gene from the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene. The 5.8S rRNA gene is highly conserved in size and nucleotide sequence, is relatively constant in molecular weight, and has an average chain length of approximately 160 nucleotides and has proven useful in dividing subgenera of Gyrodactylus ((Nazar, 1984; Zietara et al., 2002). Pairwise comparisons were done between the clones of an individual isolate and among the clones of the different isolates. Phylogenetic trees were made from the resulting sequences. This study shows that different SSU rRNA genes may be associated with ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2 gene regions of distinct sequence in the same isolate. This study also demonstrates that considerable ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2 gene region sequence variation may exist within a species. This may be useful for subspeciation designation, or may simply reflect considerable variation within the population. This study shows that the ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2 gene region may be a useful molecular marker for the taxonomy of Theileria spp.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe yra nagrinėjamos Lietuvoje žiemos metu naudojamos intelektinės transporto sistemos. Didžiausias dėmesys yra skiriamas KOSIS trūkumo – nesugebėjimo prognozuoti – pašalinimui. Darbo tikslas yra išsiaiškinti, ar yra galimybė, pasinaudojus minėtos sistemos teikiamais duomenimis, prognozuoti kritulių pradžios laiką VĮ „Vilniaus regiono keliai" prižiūrimuose keliuose. Darbo aktualumui atskleisti yra aptarta kritulių prognozės svarba tiek eismo dalyviams tiek kelių priežiūros įmonėms ypač šaltuoju metų laiku. Tikslui pasiekti yra aprašoma tyrimo metodiką, kurios pagrindą sudaro vėjo, nešančio kritulių debesis, greitis. Greičiui apskaičiuoti yra pateikiami teoriniai pagrindai, padedantys pasirinkti atitinkamus parametrus šio dydžio nustatymui. Žinant debesų judėjimo greitį yra parengtos prognozės, kurių rezultatai gretinami su realiai užfiksuotais laiko intervalais. Atlikus tyrimą yra nustatyta, kokiu spinduliu yra tikslinga atlikti tokias prognozes ir kokiam laikotarpiui galima prognozuoti. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, literatūros apžvalga, Lietuvoje naudojamos intelektinės transporto sistemos kelių priežiūroje žiemą, klimatinių sąlygų prognozavimo tyrimas, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 71 p. teksto be priedų, 35 iliustracijos, 13 lentelės, 29 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / In this master thesis there are analysed intelligent transport systems used for winter road maintenance in Lithuania. The main attention is payed to Road Weather Information system. The aim of this thesis is to find out the posibility of forecasting the precipitation start time in Vilnius region using Road Weather stations information. All stations are located within a 200 km radius to the southwest of Vilnius region. At first there is a disputed importance of precipitation forecasting to drivers and road maintenance personnel especially during the winter season. In order to achieve the aim of this thesis, there are described forecasting method based on the wind speed. Also there is a theory that explains how to select basic parameters to calculate the wind speed. There are some forecasts made in this paperwork and their results are compared with real data. It helps to find out which stations are useful for further forecasting and what is the longest time of forecasting. The thesis includes 6 parts: introduction, survey of literature, Road Weather Information systems used for winter road maintenance in Lithuania, the reserach of weather forecasting, conclusions and suggestions, references. Pages - 71 p . text, 35 figures . , 13 tables . , 39 bibliographic sources . All appendixes are separately attached.

Submitted by LARISSA NOGUEIRA DE SOUZA null (larissaiftm@gmail.com) on 2017-05-24T19:31:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Larissa_Nogueira_de_Souza.pdf: 3902345 bytes, checksum: fc3833c63f2f779042077b0ab45fb745 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-24T20:56:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ln_me_jabo.pdf: 3902345 bytes, checksum: fc3833c63f2f779042077b0ab45fb745 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-24T20:56:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ln_me_jabo.pdf: 3902345 bytes, checksum: fc3833c63f2f779042077b0ab45fb745 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O clima tropical brasileiro propicia o desenvolvimento de inúmeras doenças fúngicas nas culturas produzidas, incluindo as fruteiras tropicais. O Brasil é um grande produtor de frutas, incluindo goiaba e manga, que são inclusive exportadas para outros países. Além das doenças conhecidas que incidem sobre essas culturas, sintomas atípicos têm sido observados em condições de campo, sem relação específica com patógenos já identificados. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo isolar fungos de tecidos lesionados de frutos, folhas e ramos de goiabeiras, assim como de folhas de mangueiras para estabelecer suas relações parasitárias e identificá-los molecularmente. Foram obtidos 25 isolados de goiabeiras de três municípios e dois isolados de mangueiras de um município do Estado de São Paulo. Os isolados tiveram sua região ITS rDNA (Internal Transcribed Spacer) e a região parcial do gene TEF1 (translation elongation factor 1-alpha) sequenciadas, o que proporcionou a identificação acurada dos isolados, em gênero. Os isolados de goiabeiras foram identificados como Neopestalotiopsis spp., sendo esse o primeiro relato em goiabeiras, e os isolados de mangueiras foram agrupados juntamente com as espécies Pseudopestalotiopsis theae e Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola, sendo este também o primeiro relato dessas espécies em mangueiras. Os isolados de goiabeiras e de mangueiras foram inoculados em folhas destacadas de goiabeira ‘Paluma’, em condições de laboratório, com ferimento e sem ferimento. Em adição, os isolados oriundos de mangueiras foram inoculados em folhas destacadas de mangueiras ‘Tommy Atkins’. Os isolados causaram sintomas característicos daqueles dos quais provieram, sendo com maior severidade quando em folhas previamente feridas. No entanto, os isolados de Neopestalotiopsis spp. também foram capazes de ocasionar sintomas em folhas intactas. Concluiu-se que novos gêneros de fungos estão associados a lesões em mangueiras e goiabeiras no Brasil, os quais apresentam falta de especificidade de tecidos e hospedeiros, representando novo risco à sanidade das plantas. / The Brazilian tropical climate promotes the development of numerous fungal diseases in the crops produced in the country, including tropical fruit crops. Brazil is a major producer of fruits, including guava and mango, which are even exported to other countries. Besides the known diseases that affect these crops, atypical symptoms have been observed under field conditions, with no specific relation to pathogens already identified. Thus, this work aimed to isolate fungi from such lesions of fruits, leaves and branches of guava plants, as well as from leaves of mango plants to identify them molecularly and prove their symptomatic association with such crops. We obtained 25 isolates from guava plants located in three municipalities and two isolates from mango plants located in one municipality of São Paulo state. These isolates were submitted to sequencing of ITS rDNA region (Internal Transcribed Spacer) and the partial TEF1 gene (translation elongation factor 1-alpha), which provided the accurate identification of the isolates in genus. The isolates from guava plants were identified as Neopestalotiopsis spp. It is the first report of this genus in guava. Moreover, the isolates from mango plants were grouped with the species Pseudopestalotiopsis theae and Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola. It is also the first report of these species in mango trees. Guava and mango isolates were inoculated on 'Paluma' guava leaves under laboratory conditions, with injury and without injury. In addition, the isolates from mango plants were inoculated on detached leaves of 'Tommy Atkins' mango. The isolates were able to cause symptoms similar to those from which they came in greater severity in wounded leaves. However, the isolates of Neopestalotiopsis spp. were also capable of causing symptoms on intact leaves. Thus, it was concluded that new genotypes of fungi are associated with lesions in mango and guava plants in Brazil, which present lack of tissue and host specificity, representing a new risk to the orchards sanity.

Orientador: Ana Maria Goulart de Azevedo Tozzi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T03:16:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Meireles_JoseEduardodeCarvalho_M.pdf: 5457639 bytes, checksum: 2254e34efd86c3760ca5a245abf9eaf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Poecilanthe (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Brongniartieae) é em gênero sul-americano que inclui atualmente dez espécies. A heterogeneidade morfológica e química encontrada em Poecilanthe dificulta sua circunscrição e coloca em dúvida sua monofilia. Além disso, limites interespecíficos imprecisos e falta de chave de identificação dificultam o reconhecimento das espécies. Este trabalho tem como objetivos testar a monofilia de Poecilanthe e estabelecer as relações entre suas espécies, bem como revisar a taxonomia do gênero. Para tanto, uma análise filogenética de máxima parcimônia baseada em caracteres morfológicos e seqüências de ITS/5.8S (nrDNA) foi realizada. Como subsídio para a análise cladística, foi feito um estudo sobre a morfologia das sementes e embriões de Poecilanthe, que resultou no reconhecimento de quatro padrões distintos de morfologia. Os resultados da filogenia mostram que Poecilanthe não é um gênero monofilético, sendo composto por três clados parafiléticos em relação à tribo. Estes três clados foram caracterizados morfologicamente e considerados como gêneros distintos. Poecilanthe é recircunscrito para incluir apenas as espécies extra-amazônicas (Poecilanthe s.s.), compreendendo então seis espécies. O gênero Amphiodon é restabelecido, e P. ovalifolia combinada neste. Um gênero novo é descrito para incluir P. amazonica e P. hostmannii. Cada um destes gêneros foi tratado taxonomicamente, constando em cada tratamento descrições, ilustrações e chave para a identificação das espécies / Abstract: The genus Poecilanthe (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Brongniartieae) currently comprises ten South-American species. The morphological and chemical diversity that is found within this genus renders its circumscription imprecise and brings Poecilanthe¿s monophyly into question. This work aims to test the monophyly of Poecilanthe and to revise the taxonomy of the genus. A parsimony analysis based on both morphological and ITS/5.8S data was carried out. In order to provide characters to the cladistic analysis, the morphology of the seeds and embryos of Poecilanthe was analyzed, and resulted in the identification of four different morphological patterns. The phylogeny does not support Poecilanthe as monophyletic, but resolves three different well-supported lineages that are paraphyletic with respect to the tribe. These clades are morphologically characterized and ranked at the generic level. Poecilanthe is recircumscribed to include the six extra-Amazonian species only. The genus Amphiodon is reinstated and P. ovalifolia is combined. Poecilante amazonica and P. hostmannii are segregated into a new genus. Each genus was revised and descriptions, illustrations and identification key for the species are presented. / Mestrado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / ClassificaÃÃes taxonÃmicas de ostras sÃo problemÃticas, pois estes organismos possuem caracterÃsticas morfolÃgicas pouco informativas. A variabilidade da regiÃo ITS do cluster ibossÃmico tem sido bastante utilizada em estudos filogenÃticos e taxonÃmicos, visto que esta regiÃo apresenta uma variabilidade relativamente elevada e fÃcil amplificaÃÃo por termociclagem. A ostra Crassostrea brasiliana foi, por dÃcadas, confundida com C. rhizophorae, entretanto, estudos recentes indicam que sÃo duas espÃcies biologicamente distintas. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar a variabilidade da regiÃo ITS-1 de populaÃÃes de ostras C. rhizophorae em trÃs estuÃrios da costa do Estado do Cearà e investigar a presenÃa de uma segunda espÃcie de ostra pertencente ao gÃnero Crassostrea. Exemplares da ostra nativa C. cf. rhizophorae foram coletados nos estuÃrios da costa cearense para anÃlise de variabilidade populacional. Foram coletados tambÃm espÃcimes de C. cf. brasiliana para estudo de filogenia e comparaÃÃo com o primeiro grupo de ostras. ApÃs extraÃÃo de DNA e amplificaÃÃo por PCR da regiÃo ITS-1, seqÃÃncias desta regiÃo foram obtidas para anÃlise filogenÃtica realizada atravÃs dos mÃtodos de neighbour-joining e mÃxima parcimÃnia. SequÃncias de ITS-1 descritas no GenBank para 35 indivÃduos, representando 12 espÃcies de ostras do gÃnero Crassostrea, e mais duas seqÃÃncias de Saccostrea glomerata (grupo externo), foram utilizadas para os alinhamentos com as sequÃncias obtidas na presente pesquisa. A variabilidade intraespecÃfica de C.cf.rhizophorae foi estudada pelo mÃtodo da mÃxima parcimÃnia. SeqÃÃncias inÃditas de ITS-1 completo foram obtidas para C.brasiliana e C.rhizophorae, com 427 e 439 pb, respectivamente. A Ãrvore de neighbour-joining evidenciou a clara separaÃÃo de C.cf.brasiliana e C.cf.rhizophorae em ramos distintos (100%), confirmando a ocorrÃncia de, pelo menos, duas espÃcies de Crassostrea no local de estudo. O estudo sugere a ocorrÃncia de C.brasiliana no Estado do CearÃ. Embora alguns autores tenham considerado C.brasiliana sinÃnimo de C.virginica, em nosso estudo, C.virginica mostrou-se muito mais prÃxima de C.rhizophorae, com forte agrupamento (100%). A Ãrvore de mÃxima parcimÃnia mostrou que as seqÃÃncias de C.cf.brasiliana e C.cf.rhizophorae formaram um grupo monofilÃtico com as demais espÃcies de Crassostrea em 100% das repetiÃÃes. C.cf.brasiliana apresentou-se na base do ramo monofilÃtico de Crassostrea e, portanto, foi o grupo mais prÃximo de S.glomerata. Esta Ãrvore tambÃm mostrou a separaÃÃo dos exemplares de C.cf.brasiliana e C.cf.rhizophorae em ramos distintos (100%), evidenciando o forte sinal filogenÃtico observado na anÃlise. Novamente, C.cf.rhizophorae mostrou-se prÃxima de C.virginica. A anÃlise de mÃxima parcimÃnia para variabilidade intraespecÃfica de C.cf.rhizophorae nos trÃs estuÃrios estudados mostrou a formaÃÃo de 7 diferentes sequÃncias para C.cf.rhizophorae. A ligaÃÃo entre as sequÃncias encontradas sugere a presenÃa de fluxo gÃnico entre as populaÃÃes estudadas e a ocorrÃncia de sequÃncias exclusivas pode indicar a formaÃÃo de populaÃÃes residentes em cada um dos estuÃrios analisados. A regiÃo ITS-1 mostrou-se ideal para estudos de filogenia de ostras e estudos de variabilidade gÃnica populacional. A confirmaÃÃo de uma segunda espÃcie de ostra pertencente ao gÃnero Crassostrea na costa cearense à relevante para uma melhor gestÃo destes recursos, que possuem grande importÃncia ecolÃgica, econÃmica e social para nosso Estado. / Taxonomic classifications of oysters are problematic, because these bodies have little morphological information. The variability of the ITS region of the cluster ibossÃmico has been used in phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, since this region presents a relatively high variability and easy amplification by thermocycling. The oyster Crassostrea brasiliana was, by decades, confused with C. rhizophorae However, recent studies indicate that two biologically distinct species. This study aimed to analyze the variability of ITS-1 region of oyster populations of C. rhizophorae in three estuaries on the coast of Cearà State and investigate the presence of a second species of oysters belonging to the genus Crassostrea. Copies of the native oyster C. cf. rhizophorae were collected in the estuaries of the coast of Cearà for the analysis population ariability. Were also collected specimens of C. cf. brasiliana for study of phylogeny and compared with the first group of oysters. After extraction of DNA and amplification by PCR of the ITS-1 region, this region sequences were obtained for phylogenetic analysis performed by the methods of neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony. ITS-1 sequences described in GenBank for 35 individuals representing 12 species of oysters of the genus Crassostrea and two sequences of Saccostrea glomerata (external group) were used for the alignments with the sequences obtained in this study. The intraspecific variability of C.cf.rhizophorae was studied by the method of maximum parsimony. Unpublished sequences of ITS-1 were obtained for full C.brasiliana and C.rhizophorae with 427 and 439 bp, respectively. The neighbor-joining tree, showed the clear separation of C.cf.brasiliana and C.cf.rhizophorae in separate branches (100%), confirming the occurrence of at least two species of Crassostrea place of study. The study suggests the occurrence of C.brasiliana in the state of CearÃ. Although some authors have considered C.brasiliana synonymous with C.virginica in our study, C.virginica was very close to C.rhizophorae, with a strong group (100%). The tree of maximum parsimony showed that the sequences of C.cf.brasiliana and C.cf.rhizophorae formed a monophyletic group with other species of Crassostrea in 100% of replicates. C.cf.brasiliana presented on the basis of branch of Crassostrea monophyletic and, therefore, was the group nearest S.glomerata. This tree also showed the separation of the copies of C.cf.brasiliana and C.cf.rhizophorae in different branches (100%), showing the strong signal observed in the phylogenetic analysis. Again, C.cf.rhizophorae showed up near C.virginica. The maximum parsimony analysis of intraspecific variability of C.cf.rhizophorae for the three estuaries studied showed the formation of 7 different sequences for C.cf.rhizophorae. The connection between the sequences found suggests the presence of gene flow between populations and the occurrence of unique sequences may indicate the formation of resident populations in each of the estuaries examined. The region ITS-1 proved to be ideal for studies of phylogeny of oysters and studies of population genetic variability. Confirmation of a second species of oysters belonging to the genus Crassostrea in Cearà coast is important for better management of these resources, which have important ecological, economic and social to our state.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T12:31:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexander Sibajev.pdf: 606940 bytes, checksum: 9c6a8d6a72194ece920cce39baa6aa55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-14 / The determination of the prevailing species responsible for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) and the detection at species level of the varieties of the protozoan parasite agent of this endemic disease at the Amazon region are important for determination of the clinical evolution and to better indicate the therapeutic conduct due to the different responses to chemotherapeutic drugs by the Leishmania species. By now we are not aware of an available test to Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis capable of detecting its intra-specific varieties obtained from human clinical presentations or from vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. We succeed to discriminate Leishmania (V.) guyanensis from Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and also from Leishmania (V.) panamensis through a polimerase chain reaction direct genomic DNA amplification aimed at the transcribed internal spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA). The positive reaction is visualized at the agarose gel electrophoresis by the presence of an aproximatedly 229 nucleotides size band for L. guyanensis that is absent for the two other species L. braziliensis and L. panamensis. The diagnosis can be done using culture material, skin biopsy or squashing the sand fly vector and having the DNA extracted. In a second step of the investigation, the ITS rDNA was sequenced in L. lainsoni; L. naiffi and four L. guyanensis strains, two of them presenting a muco-cutaneous form of Leishmaniasis. These sequences were compared to others available at the Genbank Database, confirming the previous data from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and ITS restriction fragment lenght polymorphisms analysis, positioning L. lainsoni and L. naiffi as more divergent species as compared to L. braziliensis, L. panamensis and L. guyanensis species inside de Viannia sub-genus. A correlation was observed in grouping nearer the two L. guyanensis strains, respectively IM4243 and IM4235, responsible for the muco-cutaneous form. This protozoan belonging to sub-genus Viannia show clinical and epidemiological importance in South America north region, particularly the Amazon region and this study can be considered an advance in providing a tool to better understand the parasite species silvatic cycle and in providing tools to characterize the main species responsible for the clinical form presentation of tegumentary leishmaniasis in the human population at this region. / A determinação da espécie responsável pela Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana e a detecção específica das variedades do protozoário agente dessa doença endêmica na Amazônia, é importante para determinação do comportamento clínico e indicação da conduta terapêutica, devido as diversas respostas aos quimioterápicos pelas espécies de Leishmania. No momento se desconhece um teste disponível para a Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, que seja capaz também de incluir suas variedades intra-específicas obtidas de casos humanos e de hospedeiros e vetores silvestres. Neste trabalho se conseguiu discriminar alguns isolados de Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis e também de Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis através da reação em cadeia da polimerase direcionada para a amplificação do espaçador transcrito interno (ITS) do gene do RNA ribossomal. A reação positiva é dada pela visualização de um fragmento amplificado de cerca de 229 nucleotídeos, para L. (V.) guyanensis e ausente para as outras duas espécies. O diagnóstico pode ser feito com o DNA extraído de cultivo do parasita, diretamente das amastigotas da borda de lesão cutânea ulcerada ou do vetor infectado pela promastigota de Leishmania. Numa etapa seguinte a região ITS do rDNA foi sequenciada para L. lainsoni, L. naiffi e quatro cepas de L. guyanensis em que duas apresentavam forma muco-cutânea e duas outras a forma cutânea da leishmaniose. Essas sequências foram comparadas com as disponíveis em banco de dados como o Genbank, resultando na confirmação dos dados obtidos de variabilidade genética por outros autores, quando utilizada a técnica de isoenzimas e ITS-RFLP. O posicionamento de L. lainsoni e L. naiffi se mostrou mais divergente que L. guyanensis, L. braziliensis e L. panamensis, dentro do subgênero Viannia. Foi também encontrada uma relação de proximidade entre os isolados de L. guyanensis IM4243 e IM4235 apresentando lesão cutâneo-mucosa. As leishmânias do sub-gênero Viannia apresentam importância epidemiológica na América do Sul, sobretudo na região amazônica e esse estudo poder ser considerado importante ao desenvolver meios de diagnóstico específico do parasita, detectando sua presença em vetores e reservatórios silvestres em certas áreas e servindo como marcador para a principal espécie responsável pelas formas clínicas de leishmaniose nessa região.

Os Cubozoa são animais de águas tropicais e subtropicais ao redor do mundo. A cubomedusa Chiropsalmus cf. quadrumanus (Cubozoa: Chiropsalmidae) habita na costa Atlântica americana entre os 35°N e 27°S, uma área com barreiras putativas que poderiam impedir a distribuição contínua de C. cf. quadrumanus, tornando-se um modelo interessante para estudos de estrutura populacional e filogeografia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a estrutura haplotípica de quatro populações da C. cf. quadrumanus da costa brasileira. Nossas análises foram baseadas nos marcadores mitocondriais COI e 16S e a região nuclear ITS de 40 indivíduos provenientes de Ceará (03°43S 038°29W); Rio de Janeiro (22°37S 041°54W); São Paulo (23°26S 45°04 W) e Paraná (25°41\'S 048°25\'W), assim como por estudos morfométricos de 5 indivíduos de cada população. Análises filogenéticas e de redes de haplótipos de cada marcador revelaram uma profunda divergência gênica entre duas linhagens, Ceará - São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro - Paraná, dados estes corroborados por alguns caracteres das analises morfométricas. Nossos resultados sugerem que a espécie Chiropsalmus cf. quadrumanus é um complexo de espécies resultado da combinação entre taxonomia conservadora e especiação críptica. Estudos mais abrangentes que contenham espécimes de outros pontos da costa brasileira, incluída a localidade tipo (Santa Catarina, Müller, 1859), poderão verificar a existência de outras possíveis espécies crípticas e ampliar o conhecimento sobre a distribuição das duas linhagens encontradas neste estudo. As conseqüências taxonômicas do presente trabalho são importantes e ainda deverão ser trabalhadas. A falta de informação sobre a espécie, em conjunto com atitudes taxonômicas conservadoras e eventos de especiação críptica, não nos permitem delimitar as novas espécies com clareza. De qualquer maneira, nossos resultados revelam que há um complexo de espécies com o nome Chiropsalmus quadrumanus no Atlântico Americano. O presente trabalho constitui o primeiro estudo filogeográfico para qualquer espécie de cubozoário. / Cubozoans live in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. Chiropsalmus cf. quadrumanus (Cubozoa: Chiropsalmidae) inhabits the Atlantic coast of America between 35°N and 27°S, an area with putative barriers that could prevent the continuous distribution of C. cf. quadrumanus, turning the species an interesting model to study population structure and phylogeography. The aim of this work was to analyze the haplotype structure of four populations of C. cf. quadrumanus from the Brazilian coast. We carried out our analyses based on the COI and 16S mitochondrial markers and the nuclear ITS region of 40 individuals from Ceará (03°43S 038°29W); Rio de Janeiro (22°37S 041°54W); São Paulo (23°26S 45°04 W) and Paraná (25°41\'S 048°25\'W), as well by morphometric surveys of 5 individuals from each population. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses of each marker reveled a deep genetic divergence between two lineages, Ceará - São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro - Paraná, this data were corroborated by some characters of the morphometrical analyses. Our results suggest that the species Chiropsalmus cf. quadrumanus is a complex of species resulting of the mixture of over-conservative taxonomy and cryptic speciation. More inclusive studies containing specimens from other points of the Brazilian coast, including the type locality (Santa Catarina, Müller, 1859),could verify the existence of other possible cryptic species and increase the knowledge about the distribution of the two lineages found in this study. The taxonomic consequences of this survey are important and should be overwrought. Lack of information about the species, conservative taxonomic attitudes and cryptic speciation events prevent us to delimit new species clearly. However, our results revealed a species complex named Chiropsalmus quadrumanus in the Atlantic coast of America. The present work represents the first phylogeographic approach of any cubozoan species.

The thesis deals with the study of communication models for cooperative intelligent transport systems and the development of the application used for testing. The ETSI ITS-G5 and IEEE 1609.x DSRC/WAVE comunication stacks were compared to standartizes layered ISO/OSI reference model. The basic principes of comunication in inteligent transport systems are described for each model. Besides that the common messages structures for defining alert messages, the intersection geometry and trafic lights signals are described in further detail. Based on these structures and other requirements, an application is created that allows easy definition of alert messages, intersection geometry and its traffic light states.

This thesis investigates the important potential of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) onmobility and society. C-ITS appears as a promising solution to reinvent transportation and become avital part of the ever-evolving environment as developments in technology continue to change the world.The goal of this study is to investigate how C-ITS can enhance and promote various forms of mobility.It additionally investigates at how C-ITS applications and policy objectives interact, highlighting C-ITS’contribution to the development of a sustainable society.A thorough examination of the current literature, case studies, and pertinent policies was conductedin order to analyse the possible advantages and difficulties related to C-ITS in detail. In order toprovide seamless communication and interaction between C-ITS systems and other devices, the researchemphasizes the importance of early integration and adoption of C-ITS as a solution. It also emphasizesthe need for standardization, interoperability, and collaborative efforts among stakeholders.Findings demonstrate that C-ITS has the capacity to support policies aimed at improving transportationsystems and mobility in the cities. C-ITS usage has enormous potential for influencing society andmobility. C-ITS reduces accidents while enhancing road safety through real-time communication. Byenhancing traffic flow and promoting alternative modes of transportation, it supports environmentalsustainability. It also has secondary effects such as reducing pollutants and improving air andnoise quality. Through the integration of numerous mobility choices and the provision of real-timeinformation, C-ITS improves accessibility. For implementation to be successful, privacy and securityissues as well as economic reasons must be taken into consideration. To solve the issues posed byconcerns about data privacy, security, and economic factors, however, strong policies, legislation,and safe data processing techniques are needed. C-ITS has the potential to help create a future oftransportation that is safer, more environmentally friendly, and more effective.In the concluding part, the paper suggests numerous possibilities for C-ITS research going forward.It advises combining policies and guiding documents to offer a clearer strategy for utilizing C-ITSsuccessfully. Additionally, creating more complex mathematical models that include equations can helpus comprehend the importance of the variables better. Iterative procedures integrated into detailedmodels allow for the comparison of many scenarios, addressing the various desires of stakeholders andexperts. Additionally, combining C-ITS with Vehicle-to-Everything (VoT) systems offer a chance toinvestigate the real advantages and make it simpler to make comparisons with other variables. Furtherresearch should be carried out on the likelihood of developing an automated mobility system.

Des techniques fiables de radiolocalisation s’avèrent indispensables au développement d’un grand nombre de nouveaux systèmes pertinents. Les techniques de localisation basées sur les réseaux de communication sans-fil (WNs) sont particulièrement adéquates aux espaces confinés et fortement urbanisés. Le présent projet de recherche s’intéresse aux systèmes de localisation en temps réel (RTLS) basés sur les technologies de communication sans-fil existantes. Deux nouvelles techniques de radiolocalisation alternatives sont proposées pour améliorer la précision de positionnement des nœuds sans-fil mobiles par rapport aux méthodes conventionnelles basées sur la puissance des signaux reçus (RSS). La première méthode de type géométrique propose une nouvelle métrique de compensation entre les puissances de signaux reçus par rapport à des paires de stations réceptrices fixes. L’avantage de cette technique est de réduire l’effet des variations du milieu de propagation et des puissances d’émission des signaux sur la précision de localisation. La même métrique est sélectionnée pour former les signatures utilisées pour créer la carte radio de l’environnement de localisation durant la phase hors-ligne dans la deuxième méthode de type analyse de situation. Durant la phase de localisation en temps réel, la technique d’acquisition comprimée (CS) est appliquée pour retrouver les positions des nœuds mobiles à partir d’un nombre réduit d’échantillons de signaux reçus en les comparant à la carte radio préétablie. Le calcul d’algèbre multilinéaire proposé dans ce travail permet l’utilisation de ce type de métrique ternaire, équivalemment la différence des temps d’arrivée (TDOA), pour calculer les positions des cibles selon la technique de CS. Les deux méthodes sont ensuite validées par des simulations et des expérimentations effectuées dans des environnements à deux et à trois dimensions. Les expériences ont été menées dans un bâtiment multi-étages (MFB) en utilisant l’infrastructure sans-fil existante pour retrouver conjointement la position et l’étage des cibles en utilisant les techniques proposées. Un exemple emblématique de l’application des RTLS dans les zones urbaines est celui des systèmes de transport intelligents (ITS) pour améliorer la sécurité routière. Ce projet s’intéresse également à la performance d’une application de sécurité des piétons au niveau des intersections routières. L’accomplissement d’un tel système repose sur l’échange fiable, sous des contraintes temporelles sévères, des données de positionnement géographique entre nœuds mobiles pour se tenir mutuellement informés de leurs présences et positions afin de prévenir les risques de collision. Ce projet mène une étude comparative entre deux architectures d’un système ITS permettant la communication entre piétons et véhicules, directement et via une unité de l’infrastructure, conformément aux standards de communication dans les réseaux ad hoc véhiculaires (VANETs).