Over the past decade, the popularity of regional bus services has grown in large North American cities owing to more people living in suburban areas and commuting to the Central Business District to work every day. Estimating journey time for regional buses is challenging because of the low frequencies and long commuting distances that typically characterize such services. This research project developed a mathematical model to estimate regional bus travel time using artificial neural networks (ANN). ANN outperformed other forecasting methods, namely historical average and linear regression, by an average of 35 and 26 seconds respectively. The ANN results showed, however, overestimation by 40% to 60%, which can lead to travellers missing the bus. An operational strategy is integrated into the model to minimize stakeholders’ costs when the model’s forecast time is later than the scheduled bus departure time. This operational strategy should be varied as the commuting distance decreases.

This study investigated the effects of responsibility attitudes, locus of control and their interactions on general obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptomatology and dimensions of OC symptoms. Research subjects consisted of 385 senior high school students from Fatih Sultan Mehmet High School in Ankara. The students were given the Turkish version of Responsibility Attitudes Scale (RAS), the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Locus of Control Scale (LCS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Trait- State Anxiety Inventory-Trait Anxiety Form (TAI). The factor analysis of MOCI revealed three-factor solution. The factors were labeled as rumination, cleanliness/meticulousness, and checking. In order to examine possible gender differences, separate analyses of variance were conducted for the variables of general obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, and symptom subtypes. Results indicated that cleaning was the most common symptom subtype, followed by rumination and checking symptoms among Turkish high school students. Related to the gender differences, females reported more OC symptoms than males. Furthermore, females received significantly higher scores for cleaning subscale than male. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between responsibility attitudes, locus of control and their interactions on general OC symptomatology and its symptom subtypes in high school student sample. It was found that there was a significantly positive relationship between responsibility attitudes and general OC symptomatology. However, locus of control was not a significant predictor of general OC symptomatology. Furthermore, results revealed that there was a significant interaction effect of responsibility attitudes with locus of control on OC symptomatology. That is, an inflated sense of responsibility and the presence of external locus of control produced the highest OC symptoms. However, when the level of responsibility attitudes was low, externality or internality did not influence the levels of OC symptom. Related to dimensions of OC symptoms, responsibility was a weak predictor of rumination symptoms, and moderate predictor of cleanliness and checking symptoms. It was almost equally relevant for cleaning and checking symptoms. Locus of control and its interaction with responsibility attitudes only significantly predicted rumination symptoms. These results suggested that if the individual shows an overt behavior to prevent the external danger, locus of control does not play a significant role in OCD. The findings of the present study were discussed with current literature.

Molts bacteris del grup fluorescent del gènere Pseudomonas són capaços de controlar malalties de les plantes causades per fongs i bacteris fitopatògens (ACBs) o mostren activitat com a bacteris promotors del creixement de les plantes (BPCPs). S'han descrit diversos metabòlits que intervenen de manera important en la seva activitat com a ACBs i BPCPs entre els quals en destaquen el 2,4-diacetilfloroglucinol (Phl), àcid fenazin-1-carboxílic (PCA), Pirrolnitrina (Prn), àcid cianhídric (HCN), àcid 3-indolacètic (IAA), sideròfors i quitinases.L'objectiu principal del nostre treball ha estat la comparació de les característiques d'un grup de Pseudomonas del grup fluorescent utilitzant una aproximació polifàsica amb la finalitat d'establir possibles relacions entre algunes de les característiques i la capacitat d'actuar com a ACB o BPCP.Atesa la importància en el biocontrol de la producció de metabòlits com Phl, PCA i Prn, l'objectiu preliminar ha estat la recerca i obtenció de soques productores d'aquests metabòlits. Per assolir aquest objectiu s'ha emprat una aproximació molecular basada en la detecció dels gens biosintètics implicats en la seva producció en lloc de la detecció directa dels metabòlits per evitar els efectes que poden tenir les condicions de cultiu en la inducció o repressió de la seva síntesi. S'han realitzat diferents protocols basats (i) en la cerca assistida de productors mitjançant l'ús de marcadors fenotípics i posterior confirmació per PCR i, (ii) en l'ús de la PCR per a la detecció dels gens directament dels extractes bacterians, d'enriquiments d'aquests extractes i la realització de la hibridació en colònies per al posterior aïllament. La cerca assistida de productors de Phl mitjançant marcadors fenotípics i posteriorment la utilització de tècniques moleculars (amplificació per PCR del gen phlD), ha estat el millor mètode en el tipus de mostres processades en el nostre treball, on la proporció de productors és relativament baixa. En total s'han aïllat a partir de diversos ambients 4 soques portadores dels gens de la síntesi de PCA, 15 de Phl i 1 de Prn.S'ha constituït una col·lecció de 72 soques de Pseudomonas del grup fluorescent que inclou 18 aïllats propis portadors dels gens biosintètics necessaris per la producció de Phl PCA i Prn; 6 soques de referència procedents de col·leccions de cultius tipus, 14 soques productores dels diferents antibiòtics cedides per altres investigadors i una selecció de 34 soques procedents d'un treball previ realitzat en el nostre grup de recerca. A la col·lecció s'hi troben soques candidates a ACB i BPCP de diverses malalties i plantes.Les 72 soques s'han caracteritzat fenotípica i genotípicament. La caracterització fenotípica s'ha portat a terme mitjançant la identificació a nivell d'espècie amb galeries API 20NE i proves bioquímiques específiques; la producció de metabòlits com PCA, Phl, Prn, IAA, HCN, quitinases i sideròfors mitjançant l'ús de diferents tècniques; antagonisme in vitro en diversos medis enfront dos fongs (Stemphylium vesicarium i Penicillium expansum) i tres bacteris fitopatògens (Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae i Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis); l'eficàcia de la inhibició de la infecció en bioassaigs in vivo sobre material vegetal enfront els fongs P. expansum en poma i S. vesicarium en fulles de perera i enfront el bacteri E. amylovora en fruits immadurs de perera i, finalment, en assaigs de promoció de creixement en dos portaempelts comercials de Prunus. Cal destacar que P. expansum causa la podridura blava en pomes i peres en postcollita, S. vesicarium la taca bruna de la perera i E. amylovora el foc bacterià de les rosàcies.El nombre de soques de Pseudomonas, sobre el total de les 72 estudiades, productores d'IAA (4) i quitinases (6) és baix, mentre que és elevat en el cas del HCN (32), que a més està associat a la producció de Phl. Els resultats obtinguts en l'antagonisme in vitro han mostrat en el cas dels bacteris que és dependent del patogen indicador i del medi de cultiu. La presència o absència de ferro no sembla ser un factor que potencií l'antagonisme. En el cas dels fongs no s'ha observat però, influència del medi de cultiu emprat. En el total de 72 soques s'ha observat un percentatge baix de soques que manifesten antagonisme en tots els medis assajats vers 3 o 4 dels patògens (7). Solament 2 d'aquestes 7 soques han mostrat ser també efectives en bioassaigs d'inhibició de les infeccions causades per 2 dels 3 patògens assajats. Algunes de les soques efectives en els bioassaigs no són antagonistes in vitro en cap dels medis assajats enfront el mateix patogen. En el cas de la promoció del creixement, s'han observat més soques promotores del creixement del portaempelts de prunera Marianna 2624 que no en l'híbrid de presseguer-ametller GF677 i les eficàcies assolides són també majors en el cas de Marianna 2624, detectant una elevada especificitat soca/portaempeltsLa caracterització genotípica s'ha realitzat mitjançant l'anàlisi dels polimorfismes en la longitud dels fragments de restricció de DNA ribosomal (RFLP-rDNA) i l'anàlisi dels polimorfismes en la longitud dels fragments de macrorestricció genòmica de DNA cromosòmic separats per electroforesi en camp polsant (MRFLP-PFGE). Ambdues anàlisis van mostrar una gran heterogeneïtat genètica entre les soques caracteritzades i no s'ha pogut relacionar les agrupacions obtingudes amb les característiques fenotípiques o capacitat d'actuar com a ACB o BPCP. Els patrons de macrorestricció genòmica (MRFLP-PFGE) del bacteri model P. fluorescens EPS288 són estables en el temps i independents de les condicions de cultiu assajades al laboratori o en mostres naturals, mostrant ser una tècnica eficaç en la identificació de reaïllats de mostres naturals inoculades prèviament amb el bacteri.Una selecció de soques que comparteixen el fet de produir floroglucinol s'han caracteritzat mitjançant RFLP i seqüenciació del gen phlD. S'ha establert una relació entre les agrupacions obtingudes en les anàlisis RFLP-rDNA, RFLP-phlD i les seqüències del gen. En l'anàlisi filogenètica de les seqüències del gen phlD s'ha observat un elevat grau de polimorfisme obtenint-se 3 agrupacions principals. Les agrupacions semblen relacionar-se amb els patrons de producció de metabòlits (Phl, HCN i Prn en una primera agrupació; Phl i HCN en la segona i solament Phl en la tercera), però aquestes no s'han pogut relacionar amb l'origen geogràfic de les soques o la seva activitat com a ACBs i/o BPCP.Amb les dades obtingudes de la caracterització fenotípica i genotípica s'ha realitzat una anàlisi multivariant (correspondències, correlacions d'Spearman i de freqüències amb variables categòriques). S'ha demostrat la importància de disposar d'una tècnica que permeti depurar una col·lecció de soques descartant les soques genèticament idèntiques, ja que influeixen en els resultats de les anàlisis. Pels tres patògens assajats com a indicadors i els dos portaempelts emprats, no s'ha observat cap correlació entre la inhibició de la infecció o la promoció del creixement amb les característiques fenotípiques i genotípiques de les soques que fos significatiu i consistent en les tres tècniques emprades. / Many bacteria pertaining to the fluorescent Pseudomonas group are able to control plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal plant pathogens (BCAs). Also, some of them exhibit activity as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPBs). Several metabolites like 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (PHL), phenazin-1-carboxilic acid (PCA), pyrrolnitrin (Prn), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), indol-3-acetic acid, siderophores and chitinases has been described accounting for their ability of being BCAs or PBPBs.The aim of the present work was to compare the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of a selected group of fluorescent Pseudomonas by means of a polyphasic approach in order to establish relationships with the ability of being BCA and PGPB.Due to the importance of production of metabolites like Phl, PCA and Prn in biocontrol, the preliminary objective of this work was to search and isolate of metabolite producing strains. To achieve this objective a molecular approach was used based on the detection of biosynthetic genes, which are implicated in the metabolite production, instead of direct detection of the metabolites. The procedure was performed to avoid the effect of culture conditions on induction or repression of metabolite synthesis. Two procedures were used (i) assisted search of metabolite producing strains by means of phenotypic markers and subsequent confirmation by PCR analysis, (2) direct use of PCR for gene detection in direct extracts or enrichments from samples and subsequent colony-hybridization for assistance in strain isolation. The best method for isolation of Phl producers in the type of samples processed in the present work, where the frequency of Phl producers is very low, was the assisted search by means of phenotypic markers followed of a confirmation by PCR amplification of phlD gene. Four strains harboring the PCA genes, 15 strains with Phl genes, and one with Prn genes were isolated.A collection of 72 strains of Pseudomonas pertaining to the fluorescent group was made including 18 isolates derived from the present work which harbor the biosynthetic genes for PhL, PCA and Prn production; 6 strains from reference collections; 14 strains producing several antibiotics which were supplied by other colleagues; and a selection of 34 strains from a previous work performed by our research group. Within the collection there are many strains with promising potential as BCAs and PGPBs of several diseases and plant hosts.The collection was characterized phenotypically and genotypically. The phenotypic characterization included identification at the species level with the aid of API20NE kit and several specific biochemical tests; the production of metabolites such as PCA, Phl, Prn, IAA, HCN, chitinases and siderophores; in vitro antagonism in several culture media against two fungi (Stemphylium vesicarium and Penicillium expansum) and three bacterial pathogens (Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis); efficacy in biossays of inhibition of infection of plant material by P. expansum on apple fruit tissue and S. vesicarium on pear leaves, E. amylovora on immature pear fruit, and of growth promotion in two commercial Prunus rootstocks. P. expansum causes blue mold rot of apple and pear in postharvest, S. vesicarium cause brown spot of pear and E. amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight of rosaceous plants.The number of strains, over a total of 72 studied, producing IAA and chitinases was very low (4 producing IAA and 6 producing chitinases), whereas a high number of HCN producing strains (32) was detected which was associated to Phl production. In vitro antagonism against bacteria was highly dependent on indicator pathogen and growth medium, but the presence or absence of iron did not seem to affect. However, in the case of antagonism against fungi, no influence of the medium composition was observed. Among the collection a low frequency of strains exhibiting antagonism against 3 or 4 pathogens a total of 7 strains was observed in all tested media. Only two out of the seven strains were effective in infection inhibition bioassays caused by two of the three pathogens tested. Some of the effective strains in the in vivo assays were not antagonist for the indicator pathogen in any of the media tested. In the case of plant growth promoting strains, the growth in rootstock Marianna 2624 was more stimulated than in GF677, and there was a strain-host specificity. Genotypic characterization of strains was performed by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ribosomal DNA (RFLP-rDNA) and macrorestriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of chromosomal DNA separated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (MRFLP-PFGE). Both techniques showed a high level of genotypic diversity within the collection of strains, and no relationships were observed between clusters and phenotypic characteristics or ability to be BCA or PGPB. Patterns of MRFLP-PFGE for the model bacterium P. fluorescens EPS288 were found stable within time and independent of cultivation conditions in the laboratory or under natural conditions. Therefore the method is highly suitable for identification of strains reisolated from natural samples previously inoculated with the bacterium.A further selection of strains which produce phloroglucinol were characterized by RFLP analysis and phlD sequencing. The groups observed were consistent among the RFLP-rDNA, RFLP-phlD and gene sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis obtained using phlD sequences showed a high level of polymorphism revealing three main clusters. These clusters appear to be related with metabolite production: a first cluster producing Phl, HCN and Prn, a second producing Phl and HCN, and a third producing only Phl. However, this groups were related neither to the geographic origin of strains nor to the activity as BCA or PGPB.A multivariate analysis (correspondence, pairwise Spearman rank correlation, and frequency analysis)was performed using data of phenotypic and genotypic characterization of strains. The results emphasize the importance of discarding from the database those strains being genetically identical because skew the final results. The three types of analysis did not revealed a significant and consistent relationship between the activity of infection inhibition or growth promotion of the strains and their characteristics.

Recent international scholarship has placed new emphasis on women’s formative role in the social, economic, political and cultural lives of their respective communities. Some researchers have suggested the greatest legacy of women’s organised contribution to those communities can be found in the history of their voluntary work. Others have urged greater recognition of that contribution through landmark recognition and historic preservation programs. To date, women’s voluntary work in Queensland has drawn limited scholarly interest and it is not well represented on the State Heritage Register. Attempts to establish links between cultural heritage and women’s history generally have been restricted to national heritage agencies in North America and Australia. However, methodologies tended to rely on existing historiography which was traditionally non-inclusive of women, and gaps in the record remained a problem. This thesis seeks to address these developments by undertaking a comprehensive gender-sensitive study of women’s voluntary work and its associated place-based dimensions, across ninety-four groups in Queensland between 1859 and 1959. A central hypothesis asserts women’s formative role as historical agents and community builders, and argues that participation in voluntary work provided opportunities to enrich and empower lives. A social history approach emphasises the diversity of women’s volunteer experiences over time and their manifestation in the built environment. The capacity of cultural heritage to effectively and comprehensively represent those experiences and map key contributions to building and shaping communities is also tested. Research confirms a direct correlation between broader historical developments and women’s volunteer responses in groups. Women reacted proactively, spontaneously and creatively to changing community needs. They committed their collective voluntary labour to address shortcomings in government policies and emerging inequalities in society, to support a nation at war and the work of various Church denominations. These findings validated women’s creative and progressive agency in volunteer-based groups to building and shaping communities, and confirmed their contribution was sustained and consistent over time. Although most volunteer experiences reflected traditional definitions of gender, more expansive opportunities were available to office-bearers, as well as those involved in self-development groups, the suffrage movement and mobilising for the war effort. Government policy did, however, attempt to restrict women’s voluntary wartime work to conventional roles, as did male-dominated ecclesiastical views within church-affiliated groups. Regardless of work or group type, evidence suggests that participation was nevertheless an empowering process. It enriched the lives of many women and facilitated their transition from the private domain of home and family to the public arena. The pioneering nature of women’s voluntary work, especially in nineteenth century Queensland, further enhanced that journey. While voluntary work over this period was dominated mostly by married upper- and middle-class women, single women were well represented. All groups benefitted from career volunteers, who displayed high levels of participation within and across groups. Many participants were motivated by strong altruist ideals, although patriotism and government propaganda played a major role during the war years, as did the influence of the Church and strong Christian beliefs for those involved in groups with a religious affiliation. A key outcome of the study is the identification of some 700 cultural heritages sites, just over half of which appear on an indicative list of places by theme. They reflect the diversity and development of women’s volunteer experiences in Queensland between 1859 and 1959 and provide tangible evidence of their sustained contribution in volunteer-based groups to processes that build and shape communities over time. Collectively, however, these sites tend to strengthen the conservative view of women’s roles, in that they were associated with services which often reflected concerns about issues impacting on home and family. Groups pursuing social or political reform were also disadvantaged in that their sites were restricted in number and frequently limited to public space and bureaucratic or ministerial offices. Likewise, the efforts of Church-based groups were diffused, given their sites of association were, in many cases, not their own. As the first of its kind in a Queensland setting, this study provides substantive findings in an area not well served by scholarly researchers in the past. It also offers an alternative gender-sensitive approach to establishing links between women’s history and cultural heritage. In addition, it has the potential to lift the visibility of women’s voluntary work through landmark recognition and historic preservation programs, whether as new entries on heritage registers, additional information for existing listings, plaque placement or memorial programs and heritage trails.

Recent international scholarship has placed new emphasis on women’s formative role in the social, economic, political and cultural lives of their respective communities. Some researchers have suggested the greatest legacy of women’s organised contribution to those communities can be found in the history of their voluntary work. Others have urged greater recognition of that contribution through landmark recognition and historic preservation programs. To date, women’s voluntary work in Queensland has drawn limited scholarly interest and it is not well represented on the State Heritage Register. Attempts to establish links between cultural heritage and women’s history generally have been restricted to national heritage agencies in North America and Australia. However, methodologies tended to rely on existing historiography which was traditionally non-inclusive of women, and gaps in the record remained a problem. This thesis seeks to address these developments by undertaking a comprehensive gender-sensitive study of women’s voluntary work and its associated place-based dimensions, across ninety-four groups in Queensland between 1859 and 1959. A central hypothesis asserts women’s formative role as historical agents and community builders, and argues that participation in voluntary work provided opportunities to enrich and empower lives. A social history approach emphasises the diversity of women’s volunteer experiences over time and their manifestation in the built environment. The capacity of cultural heritage to effectively and comprehensively represent those experiences and map key contributions to building and shaping communities is also tested. Research confirms a direct correlation between broader historical developments and women’s volunteer responses in groups. Women reacted proactively, spontaneously and creatively to changing community needs. They committed their collective voluntary labour to address shortcomings in government policies and emerging inequalities in society, to support a nation at war and the work of various Church denominations. These findings validated women’s creative and progressive agency in volunteer-based groups to building and shaping communities, and confirmed their contribution was sustained and consistent over time. Although most volunteer experiences reflected traditional definitions of gender, more expansive opportunities were available to office-bearers, as well as those involved in self-development groups, the suffrage movement and mobilising for the war effort. Government policy did, however, attempt to restrict women’s voluntary wartime work to conventional roles, as did male-dominated ecclesiastical views within church-affiliated groups. Regardless of work or group type, evidence suggests that participation was nevertheless an empowering process. It enriched the lives of many women and facilitated their transition from the private domain of home and family to the public arena. The pioneering nature of women’s voluntary work, especially in nineteenth century Queensland, further enhanced that journey. While voluntary work over this period was dominated mostly by married upper- and middle-class women, single women were well represented. All groups benefitted from career volunteers, who displayed high levels of participation within and across groups. Many participants were motivated by strong altruist ideals, although patriotism and government propaganda played a major role during the war years, as did the influence of the Church and strong Christian beliefs for those involved in groups with a religious affiliation. A key outcome of the study is the identification of some 700 cultural heritages sites, just over half of which appear on an indicative list of places by theme. They reflect the diversity and development of women’s volunteer experiences in Queensland between 1859 and 1959 and provide tangible evidence of their sustained contribution in volunteer-based groups to processes that build and shape communities over time. Collectively, however, these sites tend to strengthen the conservative view of women’s roles, in that they were associated with services which often reflected concerns about issues impacting on home and family. Groups pursuing social or political reform were also disadvantaged in that their sites were restricted in number and frequently limited to public space and bureaucratic or ministerial offices. Likewise, the efforts of Church-based groups were diffused, given their sites of association were, in many cases, not their own. As the first of its kind in a Queensland setting, this study provides substantive findings in an area not well served by scholarly researchers in the past. It also offers an alternative gender-sensitive approach to establishing links between women’s history and cultural heritage. In addition, it has the potential to lift the visibility of women’s voluntary work through landmark recognition and historic preservation programs, whether as new entries on heritage registers, additional information for existing listings, plaque placement or memorial programs and heritage trails.

No description available.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική έχει ως αντικείμενο την μελέτη και μοντελοποίηση ενός συστήματος μικροστροβίλου και ανεμογεννήτριας ως συστατικά στοιχεία ενός συστήματος κατανεμημένης παραγωγής. Παρουσιάζεται αναλυτικά η έννοια της κατανεμημένης παραγωγής καθώς επίσης και οι τεχνολογίες που χρησιμοποιούνται σε αυτή, ενώ ένα κεφάλαιο είναι αποκλειστικά αφιερωμένο στην τεχνολογία των μικροστρόβιλων. Στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια μελέτη της δυναμικής συμπεριφοράς ενός συστήματος μικροστροβίλου σε μεταβλητές συνθήκες φόρτισης καθώς επίσης και της απόκρισης του στην περίπτωση προσθήκης ενός επιπλέον φορτίου, την κάλυψη του οποίου αναλαμβάνει ως εφεδρικό μέσω μία ανεμογεννήτρια σταθερών στροφών. / The current diploma thesis deals with the development of a distributed generation system with a micro-turbine and a wind-turbine as its basic components. What is more, it is given the meaning of the “distributed generation”, we analyze the basic characteristics of it and we present the most important technologies that complete the distributed generation. Furthermore we refer to the micro-turbine technology and its characteristics in the third chapter of this essay. In the last chapter we analyze the dynamic response of a micro-turbine based system in variable load conditions and the response of the system when an additional load, which is powered by a fixed speed wind-turbine, is added in the micro grid.

Submitted by Fabio Henrique Lepri Boschesi null (fabio_henrique_05@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-09T22:19:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Fabio Boschesi_Versao Final.pdf: 2038601 bytes, checksum: 4035aa1148c67cb41516cdc151c89650 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-12T19:42:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 boschesi_fhl_me_prud.pdf: 2038601 bytes, checksum: 4035aa1148c67cb41516cdc151c89650 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T19:42:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 boschesi_fhl_me_prud.pdf: 2038601 bytes, checksum: 4035aa1148c67cb41516cdc151c89650 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-24 / A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP – Campus de Presidente Prudente, vinculada à linha de Pesquisa Processos Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem. Diante da implantação de uma nova organização curricular, proposta pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo, que visa propor um novo Currículo para os níveis Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino Médio e as práticas pedagógicas realizadas por professores de Matemática do Ensino Médio com uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) surge o seguinte problema de pesquisa: como as TIC estão presentes no Currículo de Matemática, mais especificamente, nas Situações de Aprendizagem dos Cadernos do Professor e dos Cadernos do Aluno, e como os professores de Matemática do Ensino Médio relatam que estão desenvolvendo suas práticas com uso destes recursos na realidade da escola pública Estadual? Os dados foram coletados junto a 30 professores de Matemática da rede Estadual, com aulas atribuídas no Ensino Médio, pertencentes a uma Diretoria de Ensino do Interior de São Paulo. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram análise documental dos materiais que subsidiam o novo Currículo, aplicação de questionários e a realização de entrevistas com os professores. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os Cadernos do Professor e do Aluno pouco contribuem para que os professores integrem as TIC às suas práticas. A ausência de orientações para o desenvolvimento da aula e a sequência didática do material não favorece o uso das TIC como potencializadoras do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Em relação ao uso das TIC pelos professores participantes, os resultados mostram que apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas, advindas da falta de formação específica e da ausência de orientações no material do Currículo, em suas aulas os professores estão superando a sequência didática sugerida. Sobre as condições de infraestrutura escolar para realização de aulas com uso destes recursos os resultados apontam que ainda há muitos desafios a serem superados. / This research was developed jointly to the Educational Post Graduation Program of the University of Science and Technology – UNESP – Presidente Prudente campus, entailed to the research line of Educational Processes, Teaching and Learning. In face of the implementation of a new curricular organization proposed by the Secretary of Education of São Paulo which aims proposing a new curriculum for Elementary school, cycle II and High School, besides the pedagogical practices performed by mathematics teachers of high school with the use of the Technologies of Information and Communication (TIC) has risen the following research issue: How are the TIC present in the curriculum of Mathematics, more specifically, at the Learning Situations of the Teachers and Students Textbooks, and how High School mathematics teachers report the way they are developing their practices with the use of such resources within the reality of Public State School? For data collecting we count on with the participation of 30 Mathematics teachers from State public schools, with assigned classes in High School levels, belonging to a Board of Education in the countryside of São Paulo. The methodological procedures involved documental analysis of the material that subsidizes the new Curriculum, questionnaire and interviews with teachers. The research results show that teachers and students textbooks do not present enough contribution for teachers to integrate the TIC to their practices. The lack of orientation for class planning and didactic sequence of the material does not enable the use of TIC as empower tools for the teaching and learning process. Regarding to the use of TIC by the participant teachers, the results show that even in face of difficulties, due to the lack of specific training and absence of material orientation in the curriculum, the teacher are overcoming the suggested didactic sequence in their classes. What concerns to school facilities for classes accomplishment with the uses of these resources, the results point that there are still a lot of challenges to be superseded.

There is limited empirical research on the application of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) in staff retention and management. This study aims to examine and analyse the impact of quality human resource information systems (e.g. recruitment information, personnel information, and audit of training sessions) on staff turnover factors at the recruitment and selection stage (e.g. remuneration, human resource planning, quality of training programmes, and lack of promotion opportunities), and consequently the impact of HIRS in managing staff retention. This research is conducted in the context of the hospitality sector. The research aim is achieved through satisfying the objectives and the development of a relevant and a novel framework. A conceptual framework is developed to address the use of HRIS with regard to the recruitment and selection process and in aiding managers in staff retention within the context of the hospitality sector. The framework consists of three phases: recruitment and selection process including human resource management (HRM) and information technology systems (ITS) in the recruitment and selection stage; human resource information systems (HRIS) application areas; and staff turnover factors (external and internal). This framework developed by using two theories, the institutional theory and job characteristics theory, as the theoretical underpinning of this study. A single case study with multiple subcases strategy is employed to evaluate, extend and theorise the effect of HRIS on staff retention. The data for this research is collected by using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data are collected from four branches of the UK based hospitality organisation. 27 employees completed in-depth narrative interviews (13 managers and 14 non-managers), which the results were used to confirm and validate the developed framework. The findings are triangulated by the adoption of a series of techniques, including focus group discussion, and document analysis. This study has made use the qualitative analysis computer software NVivo V.10.This research study contributes to the literature of both HRM and IT/IS by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework that considers the relationship between staff retention and HRIS functions at the recruitment and selection stage. The research findings support and showed that, not all the factors affected staff turnover can be monitored by HRIS, and some staff turnover factors may require other strategies with respect to monitoring. The framework will benefit scholars and managers in understanding the impact of a quality HRIS on staff retention, and extends the knowledge in this regard. The framework is extended for usage by different hospitality organisations with similar business nature to the one understudy. Also, the findings show that relevant retention strategies could be applicable during the entire employment period, e.g. before, during and after recruitment. These strategies enable the organisation to be stable and improve managing retention at the very beginning period of employment and avoid the costs of staff turnover. The empirical findings also advance our understanding of the various HRM activities that are linked to retention at the recruitment and selection stage. More importantly, the research findings identify the immediate activities after recruitment which is linked to improving retention. The study aims at providing a valid framework that integrates both HRM, ITS, and identifies the role of HRIS with regard to improving retention, by identifying staff turnover factors and put in place retention strategies to deal with them, for new jobs’ applications at the recruitment and selection stage. The originality of this study is that provide fresh insights on the subjective of retention in the hospitality sector in the UK. This research complements and advances the current literature on having a quality IT/IS which provides vital information to help managers to make the right decisions on retention of members of staff. In addition, this research could prove beneficial to practitioner’s (managers) who involve in the decision making in the recruitment process, thus better retention in the hospitality sector.

Sistemas que utilizam tecnologias computacionais no tratamento de problemas relativos ao trânsito são classificados como ITS ou Intelligent Transportation System [FAR 97]. Esses sistemas buscam, através de sincronismo e eficiência no controle de sinais de tráfego, gerenciar o fluxo de veículos na malha viária minimizando o problema de congestionamento urbano e, consequentemente, problemas decorrentes desse congestionamento como um maior consumo de combustível, maior tempo de espera para veículos específicos como ambulâncias, bombeiros, polícia e transporte coletivo, e maiores índices de poluição ambiental, sonora e atmosférica, entre outros [FED 99A]. Atuando na coleta dos dados a serem tratados e processados por um Sistema de Gerenciamento de Tráfego Urbano ou SGTU, estão os dispositivos de controle de tráfego, como semáforos e sensores para detectar e quantificar o volume de veículos e seus respectivos controladores. Computacionalmente, são fatores relevantes a interoperabilidade entre esses dispositivos de controle e padronizações adotadas, de forma que um SGTU possa evoluir através da agregação de novas facilidades e recursos ou ainda desabilitar ou modificar os já existentes. Dada as características da administração pública e dos procedimentos de aquisição, são adquiridos controladores de diferentes fabricantes e modelos, dificultando a integração entre os mesmos em função de suas tecnologias proprietárias e da falta de uma política e esforço governamental em busca de padronizações para o setor, principalmente no que diz respeito à interoperabilidade. Recentemente iniciou-se uma mobilização para se estabelecer padrões voltados à área de transporte nos Estados Unidos [EUL 95], Japão [JAP 99] e Europa [KAR 99], através da participação dos órgãos que administram o tráfego urbano, dos fabricantes de sistemas de hardware e software, da comunidade acadêmica, dos órgãos de padronizações locais e das variadas instâncias da esfera governamental. Este trabalho apresenta o CONTRAM, modelo de um middleware que, tratando os controladores de dispositivos de controle tráfego instalados ao longo da malha viária baseado nos paradigmas de sistemas distribuídos, possa ser utilizado como interface entre estes e as aplicações computacionais de gerenciamento de tráfego, permitindo a integração de diferentes especificações em um único sistema. O seu escopo é atender às transações de consulta e configuração de valores dos dados utilizados para controlar, monitorar e gerenciar o tráfego de veículos, liberando um SGTU de conhecer detalhes técnicos envolvidos na comunicação com os controladores. O modelo baseia-se em uma arquitetura multicamadas, 4-tier, permitindo o gerenciamento de recursos de forma centralizada ou distribuída, neste último trocando dados através da internet, e integra-se aos sistemas legados e OO através do método black-box e chamada de objetos respectivamente. Foi projetado tendo em mente a utilização de padrões abertos da indústria da Informática e de Transportes, a interoperabilidade entre diferentes elementos tecnológicos voltados ao controle de tráfego e a expansibilidade segura de um SGTU. Para alcançar seu objetivo, faz uso de tecnologias baseadas em metadados e agentes SNMP. / Systems that use computational technologies in the handling of the traffic problems are classified as ITS or Intelligent Transportation System. These systems search through synchronism and efficiency in traffic signs control, to manage the stream of vehicles in the road network, minimizing the problem of urban congestion and, consequently, decurrent problems of this congestion as a major fuel consumption, major waiting time for specific vehicles as ambulances, firemen, policy and collective carrier and greaters indices of ambient pollution, sonorous and atmospheric, amongst others. Acting in the data collection to be treat and processed for a Urban Traffic Control System or UTCS, they are the traffic control devices, as traffic lights and sensors to detect and quantify the volume of vehicles and, its respective controllers. Computational, important factors are the interoperability among these control devices and standardizations adopted, allowing UTCS customize through the new easinesses and features aggregation or still disable or modify already the existing ones. Given the features of the public management and the acquisition procedures, different controllers models of different manufacturers are acquired, making it difficult the integration in function of its proprietary technologies and the lack of one politics and governmental effort in considering standardizations for the sector, mainly about interoperability. Recently was initiated a mobilization of standards establishing to the Transportation area in the United States, Japan and Europe, through the participation of the agencies that manage the urban traffic, hardware and software solutions providers, academic community, local standardizations agencies and the varied instances of the governmental sphere. This work presents the CONTRAM, a middleware model that, treating the traffic controllers installed in road networks based in distributed systems paradigms, can be used as interface between the computational applications of traffic management and the controllers of control devices, allowing the integration of different specifications in an only system. Its target is to take care of to get and set transactions on data values used to control, monitor and manage the vehicles traffic, liberating a UTCS to know technician details in the communication with the controllers. The model is based on multilayers architecture, 4-tier, allowing the resources management in centered or distributed form, in last one changing data through the Internet and it is combined to the legacies systems and OO through the black-box and object call method respectively. It was projected having in mind the use of open standards of the Transportation and Computer science industries , interoperability between different traffic control technological elements and the UTCS expansibility safe. To reach its objective, it makes use of metadata and SNMP agents technologies.