Cette thèse porte sur l'étude approfondie des représentations de l’un des plus grands rois de l’Ancien Testament : le Roi David. Ce travail doctoral s’efforcera d’étudier cette figure biblique dans les arts de la fin du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance en Europe. Les Saintes Écritures relatent la vie mouvementée de cet illustre homme et roi qui devint, au fil des siècles, un modèle de référence pour les souverains chrétiens. En effet, celui-ci correspondait parfaitement aux aspirations des princes qui souhaitaient prendre exemple sur ce royal personnage et s’approprier son prestige. Dans cette problématique, la figure de David s’est révélée être d’une incroyable richesse : successivement petit pâtre, oint du Seigneur, valeureux guerrier, musicien d’excellence et psalmiste, souverain d’Israël, amoureux transi, pécheur puis pénitent. Toutes les facettes de ce personnage si complexe ont inspiré, chacune à leur manière, la pensée spirituelle, politique et artistique. / This thesis focuses on the in-depth study of representations of one of the greatest kings of the Old Testament: the King David. This doctoral work will try to explore the biblical figure in the arts of the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance in Europe.The Holy Bible recounts the eventful life of this famous king who became, through centuries, a model for the christian princes. In fact, it fit perfectly with the aspirations of the princes who wanted to follow the example of this royal personage and appropriate his prestige. In this issue, the figure of David appears to be incredibly wide, successively little shepherd, anointed, brave warrior, musician and psalmist, king of Israel, women lover, sinner and penitent. Every facets of this complex character inspired, each in its own way, spiritual, political and artistic thought.

Notre recherche utilise comme source les enluminures des manuscrits de la littérature profane produites aux XIVe et XVe siècles dans les ateliers de France. Elle s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux représentations des êtres étranges qui foisonnent dans la littérature du Moyen âge, qu’elle soit proprement médiévale, le roman arthurien par exemple, ou qu’elle tire son inspiration de l’Antiquité pour les contes mythologiques ou les récits de voyage. Ces personnages s’ils appartiennent à des catégories diverses, comportent un degré d’humanité et d’imaginaire très variable, et mettent en évidence toute l’ambivalence de la nature humaine. Au travers de l’analyse d’un corpus extensif de ces images, nous souhaitons poser la question de la figuration du corps dès lors qu’il sort des normes : normes de mensuration (les géants et les nains), normes morphologiques (anomalies de parties du corps), hybridations et métamorphoses. Que représentent dans l’imaginaire médiéval ces êtres qui transgressent les règles par leur apparence et par l’ambiguïté de leur rapport au règne animal ?Notre recherche s’appuie nécessairement sur les textes des manuscrits et le rapport à l’image, en raison de leur évidente relation de réciprocité. Elle s’appuie également sur les conditions de production des enluminures et le public auquel elles s’adressent. Par cette approche nous tentons de repérer les fonctions de ces images de l’altérité, ainsi que leurs évolutions significatives ou les impasses auxquelles elles peuvent aboutir dans les modes de figuration, tout au long de la période étudiée. / Our research is based on the illumination of manuscripts from the secular literature produced in French workshops in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It focuses more precisely on the representation of strange beings, which abound in literature in the Middle Ages, whether it is strictly medieval like the Arthurian novel for example, or whether it derives its inspiration from Antiquity in mythological tales or travel stories. Although these characters belong to different categories, they present a very variable degree of humanity and fantasy and point out all the ambivalence of the human nature. Through the analysis of an extensive corpus of those pictures, we wish to raise the question of the figuration of the body from the moment it differs from the norm : norms of size (giants and dwarves), morphological norms (abnormal parts of the body), hybridizations and metamorphoses. What do these beings that transgress rules by their appearance and by the ambiguity of their relation to the animal kingdom represent in the medieval cultural imagination?Our research is necessarily based on the texts of the manuscripts and the relation to the picture on account of their obvious relation of reciprocity. It also based on the conditions of production of illuminations and on the people they were addressed to. By this socio-cultural approach, we try to determine the functions of those pictures of alterity as well as their significant evolutions or the stalemates they can reach in the figurative modes, all along the period under study.

Ce mémoire présente une nouvelle méthode pour l’acquisition 3D basée sur la lumière structurée. Cette méthode unifie les techniques de depth from focus (DFF) et depth from defocus (DFD) en utilisant une projection dynamique (dé)focalisée. Avec cette approche, le système d’acquisition d’images est construit de manière à conserver la totalité de l’objet nette sur toutes les images. Ainsi, seuls les motifs projetés sont soumis aux déformations de défocalisation en fonction de la profondeur de l’objet. Quand les motifs projetés ne sont pas focalisés, leurs Point Spread Function (PSF) sont assimilées à une distribution gaussienne. La profondeur finale est calculée en utilisant la relation entre les PSF de différents niveaux de flous et les variations de la profondeur de l’objet. Notre nouvelle estimation de la profondeur peut être utilisée indépendamment. Elle ne souffre pas de problèmes d’occultation ou de mise en correspondance. De plus, elle gère les surfaces sans texture et semi-réfléchissante. Les résultats expérimentaux sur des objets réels démontrent l’efficacité de notre approche, qui offre une estimation de la profondeur fiable et un temps de calcul réduit. La méthode utilise moins d’images que les approches DFF et contrairement aux approches DFD, elle assure que le PSF est localement unique / This paper presents a novel 3D recovery method based on structured light. This method unifies depth from focus (DFF) and depth from defocus (DFD) techniques with the use of a dynamic (de)focused projection. With this approach, the image acquisition system is specifically constructed to keep a whole object sharp in all of the captured images. Therefore, only the projected patterns experience different defocused deformations according to the object’s depths. When the projected patterns are out of focus, their Point Spread Function (PSF) is assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution. The final depth is computed by the analysis of the relationship between the sets of PSFs obtained from different blurs and the variation of the object’s depths. Our new depth estimation can be employed as a stand-alone strategy. It has no problem with occlusion and correspondence issues. Moreover, it handles textureless and partially reflective surfaces. The experimental results on real objects demonstrate the effective performance of our approach, providing reliable depth estimation and competitive time consumption. It uses fewer input images than DFF, and unlike DFD, it ensures that the PSF is locally unique.

Strong underwater bonds between polycarbonate sheet and various other substrates were achieved using ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate gel cured with an anionic photoinitiator (dibenzoylferrocene). The gel reacts quickly with water on contact and forms a protective polyethyl cyanoacrylate (PECA) skin. This provides a diffusion barrier that protects the inner monomer from further reaction with or polymerisation by water (hydroxide ions). The PECA skin is, however, permeable to water and the inner monomer slowly reacts as water diffuses through the PECA skin. The application procedure for this adhesive is critical because of the fast reaction with water. The adhesive should be applied at the centre of the bond area in such a way as to cover the smallest exposed surface area and that it should not be spread out over the entire surface area. The PECA skin will rupture when the substrates are pressed together, exposing unreacted monomer to the fresh new surface between the two substrates. The adhesive displaces water as it propagates towards the joint edges. In this way it is able to form a strong underwater bond. Without a photoinitiator, ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesives will form strong bonds to smooth underwater surfaces. The addition of a photoinitiator (dibenzoylferrocene), however, increases the rate at which the bond strength develops. Photo differential scanning calorimetric (photo-DSC) analysis was used to determine the optimum photoinitiator concentration. A concentration of between 0.3% (m/m) and 0.1% (m/m) was found to be optimum for adhesive films between 0.5 and 1.2 mm thick. Epoxy-based underwater adhesives have the disadvantage that the cure rate is very slow at low water temperatures. In contrast, the current system features a negative temperature dependence. Therefore, the curing rate is faster at lower water temperatures, making it highly suitable for very cold environmental conditions. The underwater bonding properties of cyanoacrylate adhesive were measured on a wide range of metallic and non-metallic materials. Bond strengths ranged from 1 to 5 MPa respectively. Bond strength (0.2 mm film thickness) develops in a very short time (less than a minute) using a 5 mW/cm2 blue LED light source as trigger for the photo initiator. Water temperatures between 1.5 and 40 °C did not influence the ultimate bond strength achieved following 50 seconds of illumination. The reduction in bond strength due to the ethyl cyanoacrylates reacting with water was measured in artificial sea water and potable water. A 20% reduction in bond strength was found after 10 minutes of water exposure. The underwater bond should therefore be made as soon as possible following exposure to water. Bond ageing studies on both steel and polycarbonate showed an initial decrease in bond strength (during the first 50 hours); thereafter the bond strength stabilises. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess (by means of the synthesis of interdisciplinary sciences) whether we could trace any changes in clothing style during a period of Hussit wars with an overlap to the years 1400-1450 on the basis of surviving fragments of historic textiles, visual and material sources with the references to literary documents. The thesis focuses more thoroughly on the earlier development of the structure of male and female pieces of clothing and their possible form in the period of Hussit wars. Specifically, it follows the evolution of the form of both male and female body linen, under garments and outer garments, and it also focuses on head coverings, hose, shoes and accessories of the particular period. The document is enriched by a large variety of pictures attached straight to the text due to better orientation within the written content. At the end there are tables and figures which widely cover the traces of individual parts of garments found in illuminated manuscripts dated back to the delimited period. Key words: clothing, archeological textiles, illumination, Bohemia, Hussite wars, late middle ages.

Given the importance of color processing in computer vision and computer graphics, estimating and rendering illumination spectral reflectance of image scenes is important to advance the capability of a large class of applications such as scene reconstruction, rendering, surface segmentation, object recognition, and reflectance estimation. Consequently, this dissertation proposes effective methods for reflection components separation and rendering in single scene images. Based on the dichromatic reflectance model, a novel decomposition technique, named the Mean-Shift Decomposition (MSD) method, is introduced to separate the specular from diffuse reflectance components. This technique provides a direct access to surface shape information through diffuse shading pixel isolation. More importantly, this process does not require any local color segmentation process, which differs from the traditional methods that operate by aggregating color information along each image plane. Exploiting the merits of the MSD method, a scene illumination rendering technique is designed to estimate the relative contributing specular reflectance attributes of a scene image. The image feature subset targeted provides a direct access to the surface illumination information, while a newly introduced efficient rendering method reshapes the dynamic range distribution of the specular reflectance components over each image color channel. This image enhancement technique renders the scene illumination reflection effectively without altering the scene’s surface diffuse attributes contributing to realistic rendering effects. As an ancillary contribution, an effective color constancy algorithm based on the dichromatic reflectance model was also developed. This algorithm selects image highlights in order to extract the prominent surface reflectance that reproduces the exact illumination chromaticity. This evaluation is presented using a novel voting scheme technique based on histogram analysis. In each of the three main contributions, empirical evaluations were performed on synthetic and real-world image scenes taken from three different color image datasets. The experimental results show over 90% accuracy in illumination estimation contributing to near real world illumination rendering effects.

A importância da compreensão da questão energética nos edifícios, com enfoque nos fenômenos energéticos pelos quais o vidro participa e o delineamento de uma aproximação de desempenho em energia e conforto de vidros recobertos com filme eletrocrômico de Nb2O5, formam a finalidade deste trabalho. Os invisíveis fenômenos energéticos em superfícies envidraçadas promovem descontrole de ambos iluminação e climatização de ambientes, associando janelas a impacto energético, cujas consequências tem causado desenvolvimento de especificações, normatização e legislação. A origem deste desequilíbrio nasce da desatenção dos projetistas (e da maioria dos homens), que deixam de observar o céu. O sol envia a Terra diariamente dez mil vezes mais energia que o consumo mundial. Tamanha intensidade disponível no meio ambiente, deparando-se com superfícies que permitem sua entrada em ambientes internos. Este trabalho integra conceitos básicos de energia,sol, conforto e comportamento térmico e óptico de parte dos materiais vítreos de mercados atual e futuro, com a pretensão de apresentar-se como orientação primária aos profissionais do ramo. Paralelamente obteve-se a curva de transmissão solar de filme eletrocrômico de Nb2O5 obtido via sol-gel sonocatalítico. Este processo foi desenvolvido por grupo de pesquisa desta universidade. Busca-se então associar os resultados obtidos com os conceitos apresentados, indicando efeitos a respeito de sua aplicação na arquitetura como vidro e protetor solar. / The aim of this work proposes an understanding about the energy impact promoted by buildings, focalizing the energetic phenomenon involving glazing bulks and indicating an energetic and comfort behavior of glasses recovered with Nb2O5 film. The energetic transfer through glasses promotes decontrol of environment illumination and temperature, associating windows to energetic impact, whose consequences have caused the development of specifications, standardization and legislation. The source of this energetic instability arises from designers inattention (also majority men), who forget to observe the sky. The Sun sends to Earth daily ten thousand times more energy than world consume. When such energy reaches surfaces that permit its entrance and hinder its exit, indoors illumination and heating are caused. This work groups basic concepts of energy, sun, comfort and thermal-optical behavior of glass materiaIs in nowadays and future markets, pretending offer a primary orientation to professional in this field. Allied to this, were obtained the solar transmission curves of the electrochromic film of Nb2O5, produced by Sol-Gel sonocatalytic process. Such process was developed by research group from this university. The results were associated with the concepts presented, indicating effects about its application as glass and solar protector in architecture.

[pt] A interpretação de dados sísmicos é de fundamental importância para a industria de óleo e gás. Uma vez que esses tipos de dados possuem um caráter volumétrico, não é tão simples se identificar e selecionar atributos presentes em sua estrutura 3D. Além disso, a grande presença de ruídos e concavidades acentuadas nesse tipo de dado aumenta a complexidade de sua manipulação e visualização. Devido a essas características, a geometria do dado é muito complexa, sendo necessários modelos de iluminação mais realísticos para realizar a iluminação do volume sísmico. Este trabalho consiste em realizar a visualização volumétrica de dados sísmicos baseada no algoritmo de traçado de raios, utilizando um modelo de iluminação por oclusão direcional, calculando a contribuição de luz ambiente que chega a cada elemento do volume. Desta forma, conseguimos realçar a geometria do dado sísmico, sobretudo onde as concavidades e falhas são mais acentuadas. O algoritmo proposto foi inteiramente implementado em placa gráfica, permitindo manipulação a taxas interativas, sem a necessidade de pré-processamento. / [en] The interpretation of seismic volumetric data has a major importance for the oil and gas industry. Since these data types have a volumetric character mode, identify and select attributes present in this struct become a difficult task. Furthemore, the high-frequecy noise and depth information typically found in this type of data, increasesthe complexity of their manipulation and visualization. Due to these characteristics, the geometry of 3D sismic data is very complexy and is necessary more realistic light model to perfom the illumnination of the seismic volume. This work consists of performing a volumetric visualization of seismic data based on ray tracing algorithm, using an illumination model by directional occlusion, computing the ambiente light attenuated by the elements in the light trajetory for all elements in the volume. Thus, we emphasize the geometry of the seismic data, especially the depth cues and spatial relationship. The proposed algorithm was fully implemented on graphics card, allowing at interactive rates, without any pre-processing.

The vegetation in the riparian zone of a watercourse in fluences the water state with multiple factors, first via direct substance discharge and secondly via shadow casting on the water surface. Shadowing directly regulates the solar radiant energy arriving at the water surface. Solar radiation input to aquatic environments is the most important abiotic factor for aquatic flora and fauna habitat development. Thus, to adequately asses the ecological state of water courses it is necessary to quantify the solar surface irradiance E (W=m2) arriving on the water surface. When estimating the solar surface irradiance the complex coherence between incoming solar radiation, atmospheric in uences, and spatial-temporal geometries need to be investigated. This work established a work flow to compute the solar surface irradiance for water bodies using different remote sensing data. The work flow was tested on regional level for a section of the river Freiberger Mulde, Saxony, for the year 2016. Product of the calculations is a map visualising the annual sum of the solar surface irradiance (kWh=m2) arriving on the Freiberger Mulde water surface and the surrounding terrain. Based on these information bio-hydrological issues can be further examinated.

Stereolithography printing is one of the most popular 3D printing technologies. This printers use a UV light source for photopolymer curing and can be used for a wide range of applications with high precision and excellent print quality. Commercially available printers do not allow the modifications of the optical and mechanical parameters of the instrument. For this reason, a DLP printer has been designed to allow the optical system modifications and thus changing the printing field and resolution. Another advantage is the possibility to modify already designed mechanical parts. The DLP printer has been designed and tested. The recommended printer parameters settings are listed, which are based on the performed experiments.