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In this dissertation, I argue that the iconoclastic and anti-materialistic "art of living to God" is the central theoretical preoccupation of English and American Puritan intellectuals. I call attention to a wealth of previously unacknowledged writing about image, art, architecture, and form in Puritan literature, while highlighting how recent materialist analyses of Puritan culture have effectively obscured evidence of iconoclasm and anti-materialism in this milieu. In the first chapter, I explore the Puritan inheritance of John Calvin's theology of the "living image," which defines human beings as God-made pictures and greater than all images that are man-made. I explain how Puritan image theory is wedded to a theorization of the art of living to God, such that Puritan art and image theory are one and the same. The second chapter delineates various ways in which the imitation of Christ undergirds the conceptualization of "art work" in Puritanism. Here I focus on how Puritan ideas about both art and image intersect with their theorizations of happiness, shining, walking, and printing/pressing. I examine the theology of "edification" in my third chapter, probing how godly Puritans were understood to be "living architecture" and "living plants." In Chapter 4 I consider how Puritan anti-formalism contributes to and complicates Puritan art and image theory. More than anything else, a preoccupation with theorizing image, art, architecture, and form is what makes intellectual Puritanism a coherent tradition across space (England and the Netherlands to New England) and time (ca. 1560-1730). In the fifth and concluding chapter, I address an aspect of Puritan ministerial writings in which pastoral practice is defined not as art work but in terms of image curatorship and conservation. I then suggest that Puritan biographical literatures are archives or histories of artful and edificatory performativity. I argue that texts such as broadside elegies, funeral sermons, the monumental collections of lives by Samuel Clarke and Cotton Mather, and perhaps even gravestones should be understood as histories of Puritan art and architecture. / History of Art and Architecture

This study experimentally examines how Americans’ structural perceptions of people from China predict stereotypes and emotions toward them using the theoretical perspective of the Extended SCM. We first ran a pilot study to ensure that our manipulations of the structural perceptions of Chinese power, goal compatibility, and cultural status were effective. We then conducted a between-participants experiment in which 105 students from a small liberal arts college read pseudo-news article excerpts. These articles were used to manipulate the structural perceptions of Chinese power and Chinese cultural status while emphasizing a competitive relationship between the United States and China throughout all experimental conditions. We assessed the causal relationships between outgroup cultural status, the stereotype of morality, and the intergroup emotion of contempt, as well as the causal relationships between outgroup power, the stereotype of competence, and contempt. Through ANOVA and regression analyses, we found no significant effect of cultural status on morality or contempt and no significant effect of power on competence or contempt. We expect that the low mean level and variability of contempt expressed by participants (M = 1.31, SD = .55) limited the results of this experiment. Future studies should make structural perception stimuli more influential on participants by using well-known authority figures to present structural information of outgroups. Also, researchers should measure contempt using less intense emotions, such as disdain and disrespect, which may limit social desirability and positivity biases in self-report surveys.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo pensar a fotografia cinematográfica dentro dos estudos do cinema como um modo de ampliar as perspectivas de abordagem sobre sua imagem. A partir da explicitação de seus aspectos físicos e sua potência em fazer reverberar uma série de questionamentos acerca da dimensão imaterial de seu corpo, traçamos um percurso heterogêneo pelos domínios da filosofia, da teoria da imagem e do cinema para desenvolver um pensamento que tenha como base a conjugação de saberes que constituem o olhar fotográfico. Nossa ênfase está no ato cinematográfico e nas relações recíprocas de seus elementos, isto é, no momento em que os gestos [humanos e técnicos] são acolhidos pela câmera e constroem as camadas do corpo fílmico, sua carne. / This work aims to approach cinematography within film studies as a way to broaden our perspectives on cinema image. Starting from making explicit some of its physical aspects and their potential to reverberate a series of questions about the immaterial dimension of its body, we trace a heterogeneous path through the domains of philosophy, image and cinema theory in order to develop a thought based on the conjugation of knowledge that constitutes the photographic gaze. Our emphasis is on the cinematographic act and the reciprocal relations of its elements, meaning to say, the moment in which gestures [human and technical] are sheltered by the camera and build the layers of the filmic body, its flesh and blood.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diogo Andrade Bornhausen.pdf: 1403921 bytes, checksum: 78e98ad1d5fff298f53b3d3090652467 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research aims at investigating the sticker phenomenon in its varied communicational stances. As an image whose primary purpose is to visually intervene in the urban space, stickers are the outcome of an image-engendering process whose very images precede the emergence of stickers and have always intended to maximize their reach by means of a massive reproducibility. But stickers go beyond the urban domain and onto the Internet, which is used for further publicizing, promotional purposes. Faced with this evidence, we aim at understanding the reasons why stickers happen to move across these different milieus, and understanding the eventual modifications they might go through from the very beginning of their action. Having said that, our hypothesis is that, since it appears as an alternative to the visibility crisis of the preceding images, the sticker in the urban space is challenged by a similar difficulty of appeal, which makes it seek in the virtual world the opportunity for an extended exposition, even if their visibility is rarefied there as well. Thus, stickers fit well in the present dynamics of those images which, when faced with obstacles to their visibility and their appealing potential (considering the excessive character entailed in their dynamics), are able to redirect themselves to other media, where they end up modifying their visuality and the way they communicate in order to be seen. As for methodological strategies, we shall undertake an analysis of the formation of this specific imagery, an inquiry of the spatialities, temporalities and communicabilities configured in each domain, and how these characteristics affect the different visualities urban and virtual so as to unveil their implicit purposes. For such, our investigation roots its theoretical bases in Hans Belting s Theory of Media Image; Harry Pross and Vilem Flusser s Theory of Media; and Ivan Bystrina s Synthetic Theory of Culture all of them having been studied and divulged by Norval Baitello Junior. These theoretical frameworks are supposed to contribute to the comprehension of a phenomenon that displays so many significant variations in its constitution. Our research also takes into consideration James Hillman s concept of Anima Mundi and Marc Augé s concept of Non-Places; Lucrécia Ferrara s readings on visuality/visibility, communicability, temporality and spatiality; Rose de Melo Rocha s studies and exhibitions on Urban Images, Jean Baudrillard s studies on simulacra; Cyberculture by Paul Virilio and Eugênio Trivinho, among others who have collaborated in reading the urban and the cyberspace / Esta pesquisa tem o propósito de abarcar o fenômeno do sticker em seus diferentes âmbitos comunicativos. Imagem que inicialmente se dedica à intervenção visual no espaço urbano, o sticker se demonstra resultante de um processo construtivo de imagens que o antecederam e buscaram sempre aumentar suas abrangências por meio de uma ampla reprodutibilidade, porém, ao mesmo tempo, o sticker se conduz para além do urbano ao utilizar também a Web como meio expositivo. Ante essa constatação, o foco direciona-se para a compreensão das razões que o leva a transitar entre esses meios e das mudanças às quais está sujeito a partir dessas ações. Nesse sentido, a hipótese é de que, assim como o sticker se construiu como alternativa para a crise de visibilidade das imagens antecedentes; quando presente no espaço urbano, ele se depara com semelhante dificuldade de apelo, que o faz buscar, no ambiente virtual, a possibilidade de uma sobrevida, embora também tenha ali sua visibilidade rarefeita. Dessa forma, o sticker se contextualiza à dinâmica atual das imagens que, ao encontrarem frente ao próprio excesso , impedimentos que interferem em suas visibilidades e suas capacidades de apelo, são capazes de se direcionar a outros meios, nos quais acabam modificando suas visualidades e a forma como se comunicam, para conseguirem ser vistas. Como estratégias metodológicas, são utilizadas a análise da formação deste tipo de imagem, a averiguação das espacialidades, das temporalidades e das comunicabilidades formadas nos distintos ambientes, e de que modo essas características afetam suas distintas visualidades urbana e virtual , a fim de ser possível desvelar seus propósitos que não são explicitamente mostrados em suas exposições. Para tanto, tal abordagem encontra na Teoria da Imagem Midiática, proposta por Hans Belting; na Teoria da Mídia, pensada por Harry Pross e Vilém Flusser; e na Teoria Sintética da Cultura, elaborada por Ivan Bystrina todas estudadas e apresentadas também por Norval Baitello Junior , o alicerce teórico capaz de colaborar para a compreensão deste objeto que apresenta significativas variações em suas constituições. Este estudo conta ainda com os conceitos de anima mundi de James Hillman e de não-lugares de Marc Augé; as leituras sobre visualidade-visibilidade, comunicabilidade, temporalidade e espacialidade, de Lucrécia Ferrara; Rose de Melo Rocha sobre as imagens urbanas e suas exposições e os trabalhos sobre simulação, realizados por Jean Baudrillard, e cibercultura, de Paul Virilio e Eugênio Trivinho, dentre outros, que colaboram para a leitura do espaço urbano e do cyberspace

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Claudia do Amaral Leao.pdf: 692580 bytes, checksum: ad410dd7061393424697623c92190324 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-15 / This researche s objective is to investigate the communicational relations and bonds between the excess of produced images on digital media and their carriers. Starting from the hyopothesis that with the advent of digital cameras and phone cameras our ways of looking, recording, saving and accessing our images have been deeply modified - encouraging and addictive behavior for pictures. The study object is set up on the bonding relations between excessive images and their carriers. This study was methodologically accomplished through interviews with ten informers the images carriers that contributed to imply that we are producing pictures as information excessively. In this scenario the producers of infinite everyday pictures named in this research photomaniacs, who generate two distinct natures of images: the circulatory info images and the everyday info images. By excessively producing digital images we offer the devices the feature of our memory extensors and forgetfulnesses, undoing the logic of compiling, saving or filing operating in a cumulative and disordered small particular pictures. This way, we try to saturate our most superficial memory that when operating on excess generates schizophrenic pictures. However, even if the way is only technological, we must remember that the body is the living organism suitable to pictures, the place in which we hold deep bonding relations and over this bodily, the pictures survive as images imbued of senses, bonds, belonging and cure. In order to justify the questions that permeate the research, this work activate the theories of communicational bonds from Boris Cyrulnik, Jose Ângelo Gaiarsa and Ashley Montagu. Image and schizophrenia studies from Nise da Silveira and Leo Navratil. On Cultural Semiotics, in its central european chain were activated the image theories proposed by Aby Warburg, Walter Benjamin, Dietmar Kamper, Norval Baitello Junior, Hans Belting and Vilém Flusser / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as relações e os vínculos comunicacionais entre o excesso de imagens produzidas em suporte digital e seus portadores. Partindo da hipótese de que com o advento da câmera digital e das cameras phone o nosso modo de olhar, registrar, guardar e acessar as nossas imagens foi, alterado profundamante, potencializando uma atitude viciante por imagens. O objeto de estudo se configura nas relações vinculatórias entre imagens excessivas e seus portadores. Metodologicamente este trabalho foi realizado por meio de acompanhamento e entrevistas com dez informantes, os portadores de imagens que contribuíram para concluir que estamos produzindo do forma exacerbada imagens como informação. Surgem neste cenário, os produtores de infinitas imagens cotidianas, denominadas nesta pesquisa de fotografadores, que geram duas naturezas de imagens: as infoimagens circulatórias e as infoimagens cotidianas. Ao produzir excessivamente imagens digitais oferecemos aos aparelhos o caráter de extensor das nossas memórias e dos nossos esquecimentos, desfazendo a lógica de colecionar, guardar ou arquivar, operando em uma ação acumuladora e desordenada de pequenos bancos de imagens particulares. Deste modo, tentamos saturar a nossa memória mais superficial, que ao operar no excesso gera imagens esquizofrênicas. No entanto, ainda que o caminho seja somente de sentido da tecnologia, precisamos relembrar que o corpo é o organismo vivo e competente às imagens, o lugar em que mantemos relações de vínculos profundos e sobre esta superfície corpórea, as imagens sobrevivem como imagens impregnadas de sentidos, vínculos, pertença e cura. Para fundamentar as questões que permeiam a pesquisa, este trabalho aciona a teoria dos vínculos comunicacionais de Boris Cyrulnik, Jose Ângelo Gaiarsa e Ashley Montagu. Estudos de imagens e esquizofrenia de Nise da Silveira e Leo Navratil. Na Semiótica da Cultura, em sua vertente centro européia, foram acionadas as teorias da imagem propostas por Aby Warburg, Walter Benjamin, Dietmar Kamper, Norval Baitello Junior, Hans Belting e Vilém Flusser

This qualitative study was designed to explore the experiences and perceptions of a group of mothers whose elementary school-aged children met the criteria for intellectual giftedness in an Ontario school board. Guided by Beach and Mitchell’s image theory and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the study sought to identify (a) the meanings mothers ascribed to the concept of giftedness, (b) their experiences of the assessment, identification and placement process, and (c) the factors deemed important to educational decision making. A postpositivist orientation and rigorous qualitative research methods were employed. Data were collected in two phases: an internet-based survey comprised of demographic items and open ended questions, followed by in-depth interviews with five purposefully selected participants. Resultant data from 45 surveys and 15 interviews were coded and organized according to the survey questions and central elements of the theoretical framework. Eight research findings revealed that the experience of mothering gifted children was complex, challenging, emotional, and at times, isolating. Many mothers struggled with the concept of giftedness and how it pertained to their children. As mothers navigated the assessment, identification and placement process, the lack of accessible, timely, and consistent information from the school board posed a considerable barrier, prompting many to reach out to other parents of gifted children for information and support. Factors deemed important to decision making about educational placement included maternal perceptions related to the various options, child specific and practical considerations, and the attainability of specialized gifted programming. Educational decision making was identified as the most difficult aspect of the maternal experience. Given that the study participants were unusually well educated and well resourced, the findings were particularly revealing. The study findings add to a small but growing body of research that furthers our understanding of image theory in real life decision making. In addition, the findings give voice to the experience of mothering children identified as gifted, thus making a valuable and original contribution to the literature.

Retaining IT employees help them finding a path to entrepreneurship or even investing in spin-offs created by their employees (i.e. future entrepreneurs) is essential for the vitality of the economy. The objective of this thesis is to answer the following research question: “why and how do IT professionals3 decide to quit their salaried employment to start a business?” We do so by proposing a theory related to the under researched area of IT entrepreneurial turnover. The first chapter clarifies the unfolding model (Lee et al., 1999), so that it could be used with confidence (e.g. shock and image violation). The second chapter proposes one new core category, i.e. the Readiness to Quit (RTQ) which is divided into two types, the current RTQ and the Necessary Configuration to Quit (NCQ). We integrate them in a conceptual framework including the context, a chronology and the compatibility test between the current RTQ and the NCQs indicating that the IT professional is ready to quit. The last chapter proposes a second core category, IT Entrepreneurial Epiphany, which connect the shock and the image violations with the current RTQ. The IT Entrepreneurial Epiphany is composed of five lower-level concepts: Business, playing the game; Risk reduction; Timing; Context and opportunity; and finally long-term reason for becoming an entrepreneur. Finally, we discuss the enrichment of the conceptual framework resulting from these new core categories. In sum, we contribute to the research by proposing two core categories embedded in a rich conceptual framework.