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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence : from mechanistic insights to bioanalytical applications / Electrochimiluminescence : de la compréhension mécanistique aux applications bioanalytiques

Sentic, Milica 26 November 2015 (has links)
La chimiluminescence électrogénérée (ECL) est une technique analytique puissante exploitée pour la détection autant au niveau industriel que dans le domaine de la recherche scientifique ou du diagnostic clinique. La sensibilité élevée et la bonne sélectivité de cette technique font de l'ECL une méthode analytique de choix pour un large éventail d'applications, dont la plus importante est son utilisation commerciale dans un grand nombre de tests immunologiques à base de billes fonctionnalisées. Dans cette thèse, nous avons cherché à étudier le phénomène ECL et son application pour le développement de nouvelles techniques analytiques.Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous utilisons les techniques d'imagerie pour étudier les mécanismes ECL se produisant sur les billes utilisées pour les tests immunologiques. La cartographie de la réactivité au niveau d'une seule microparticule fonctionnalisée avec un complexe de ruthénium fournit une nouvelle stratégie visant à tester l'efficacité du co-réactif et montre des effets optiques associés de focalisation.Dans la deuxième partie, la conception d'un test immunologique pour la détection de l'anti-transglutaminase pour le diagnostic de la maladie coeliaque est présentée en utilisant des ensembles de nanoélectrodes comme plates-formes bioélectroanalytiques. Nous avons également étudié les caractéristiques de l'ECL générée par des réseaux de nanoélectrodes dopées au bore-diamant en tant que matériaux prometteurs pour des applications biologiques ainsi que l'efficacité ECL de deux co-réactifs sur ces réseaux.L'électrochimie bipolaire est un processus sans contact que nous avons exploité pour contrôler le mouvement d'objets conducteurs exposés à un champ électrique en l'absence de contact ohmique direct. Dans la troisième partie de ma thèse, nous présentons l'ECL couplée à l'électrochimie bipolaire pour le suivi d’objets autonomes luminescents. Nous avons élargi ce concept à la détection enzymatique dynamique de glucose en utilisant l'émission de lumière ECL comme signal analytique. / Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful analytical technique exploited for clinical, industrial and research applications. The high sensitivity and good selectivity, makes ECL a tool-of-choice analytical method for a broad range of assays, most importantly for a large number of commercialized bead-based immunoassays. In the present thesis, we aimed to study the ECL phenomenon and its application in development of new analytical methods.In the first part of this work, we used an imaging technique to investigate the ECL mechanisms operating in bead-based assays. Spatial reactivity mapping at the level of a single functionalised bead provides a new strategy to test the co-reactant efficiency and shows associated optical focusing effects.In the second part, the design of a novel anti-transglutaminase ECL immunoassay for celiac disease diagnostic is shown using nanoelectrode ensembles as bioelectroanalytical platforms. We also studied the characteristics of ECL generated by arrays of boron-doped-diamond nanoelectrodes (BDD NEAs) as a promising materials for bioapplications. The ECL efficiency of two co-reactants at BDD NEAs was investigated.Finally, bipolar electrochemistry is a ‘‘wireless’’ process that was exploited for the controlled motion of conductive objects exposed to an electric field in the absence of direct ohmic contact. In the third part of the thesis, we report ECL coupled to bipolar electrochemistry for tracking the autonomous trajectories of swimmers by light emission. We further expanded this concept for dynamic enzymatic sensing of glucose concentration gradient using ECL light emission as an analytical readout.
32

Nové metody pro rychlou detekci biologického materiálu na čipu / New technique on a chip for rapid detection of biological materials

Pejović Simeunović, Jelena January 2020 (has links)
Tato práce navrhuje techniku separace a detekce na čipu pro kvantové tečky (QD, „quantum dots“) konjugované s různými proteiny, za účelem sledování vlivu vazebného činidla na potlačení intenzity uorescence QD způsobené konjugací s proteinem a za účelem provedení multianalytické imunoanalýzy k identifikaci malých množství daného proteinu. Za optimálních podmínek byly biokonjugované QD úspěšně odděleny od těch nezkonjugovaných během 10 minut. Částice a cílové roztoky byly smíchány a detekce na čipu byla provedena za pomoci zařízení vyvinutého v naší laboratoři. Byl použit pouze jeden zdroj excitačního světla v kombinaci s několika filtry pro různé emisní vlnové délky. Fluorescence emitovaná dvěma typy konjugovaných QD mohla být poté zaznamenána současně, protože QD emitovaly světlo na různých vlnových délkách, ačkoliv byly excitovány při stejné vlnové délce. Smícháním dvou typů QD biokonjugovaných se dvěma druhy proteinů a protilátek jsme dokázali detekovat imunokomplexní píky s různými plochami. Plocha pod píkem závisela na koncentraci QD a antigenů, na postupu reakcí protilátka–antigen a ukázalo se, že je lineárně korelována s koncentrací antigenu. Ukázali jsme, že kapilární elektroforéza QD na čipu může být použita jako citlivá technika pro detekci biologických molekul. Hlavními výhodami této metody jsou jednoduchost, malé požadavky na objem vzorku i činidla a také vysoká účinnost separace.
33

The cerebral surfactant system and its alteration in hydrocephalic conditions

Schob, Stefan, Lobsien, Donald, Friedrich, Benjamin, Bernhard, Matthias K., Gebauer, Corinna, Dieckow, Julia, Gawlitza, Matthias, Pirlich, Mandy, Saur, Dorothee, Bräuer, Lars, Bechmann, Ingo, Hoffmann, Karl-Titus, Mahr, Cynthia V., Nestler, Ulf, Preuß, Matthias January 2016 (has links)
Introduction: Pulmonary Surfactant reduces surface tension in the terminal airways thus facilitating breathing and contributes to host''s innate immunity. Surfactant Proteins (SP) A, B, C and D were recently identified as inherent proteins of the CNS. Aim of the study was to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SP levels in hydrocephalus patients compared to normal subjects. Patients and methods: CSF SP A-D levels were quantified using commercially available ELISA kits in 126 patients (0±84 years, mean 39 years). 60 patients without CNS pathologies served as a control group. Hydrocephalus patients were separated in aqueductal stenosis (AQS, n = 24), acute hydrocephalus without aqueductal stenosis (acute HC w/o AQS, n = 16) and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH, n = 20). Furthermore, six patients with pseudotumor cerebri were investigated. Results: SP AÐD are present under physiological conditions in human CSF. SP-A is elevated in diseases accompanied by ventricular enlargement (AQS, acute HC w/o AQS) in a significant manner (0.67, 1.21 vs 0.38 ng/ml in control, p<0.001). SP-C is also elevated in hydrocephalic conditions (AQS, acute HC w/o AQS; 0.87, 1.71 vs. 0.48 ng/ml in controls, p<0.001) and in Pseudotumor cerebri (1.26 vs. 0.48 ng/ml in controls, p<0.01). SP-B and SP-D did not show significant alterations. Conclusion: The present study confirms the presence of SPs in human CSF. There are significant changes of SP-A and SP-C levels in diseases affecting brain water circulation and elevation of intracranial pressure. Cause of the alterations, underlying regulatory mechanisms, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic consequences of cerebral SP''s requires further thorough investigations.
34

Avaliação da viabilidade do emprego dos testes VIA e UNIQUE (TECRA® Diagnostics) e VIP® (BioControl Systems) para triagem da presença de Listeria sp em produtos cárneos / Detection of Listeria sp in meat and meat products using TECRA® Listeria VIA, TECRA® Listeria UNIQUE and biocontrol VIP® for Listeria immunoassays and a cultural procedure.

Aragon-Alegro, Lina Casale 06 February 2004 (has links)
Surtos de listeriose têm sido causa de preocupação para indústrias de alimentos e profissionais da saúde. Os testes de rotina para detecção de Listeria sp em alimentos são demorados e envolvem o uso de meios de cultura seletivos para enriquecimento e semeadura. Neste estudo, a presença de Listeria sp, em amostras de produtos cárneos, foi investigada por testes imunológicos rápidos (Tecra® Listeria VIA, Tecra® Listeria UNIQUE e BioControl VIP® para Listeria) e pelo método clássico (Health Protection Branch, Canadá). A concordância entre o método clássico e os testes rápidos foi estabelecida com limite de 95% de confiança. Verificou-se que os testes VIA e VIP® são de fácil execução e rápidos, além de apresentarem desempenho comparável ao do método clássico, independentemente do alimento avaliado. O teste UNIQUE apresentou desempenho variável com a amostra e gerou um número elevado de resultados positivos falsos, o que dificulta seu emprego. / Outbreaks of human listeriosis have been a cause of concern to the food industry and health professionals. The routine methods for detecting Listeria sp in foods are time-consuming and involve the use of selective enrichments and culturing on selective agars. In this study, the presence of Listeria sp in 120 meat and meat products samples was investigated by three rapid immunoassays (Tecra® Listeria VIA, Listeria UNIQUE and BioControl VIP®.+ for Listeria) and a cultural procedure. The detection of Listeria sp by the cultural method was done according to Canada\'s Health Protection Branch Method and the detection using rapid tests was done following the manufacturers\' instructions. The agreement between cultural and rapid tests was established at a confidence limit of 95%. Eighty-one samples (67.5%) were Listeria sp positive by at least one of the four methods. L. monocytogenes was present in 49.2% of the samples. Sixty-four samples (53.3%) were positive by the cultural procedure. For the rapid tests, 62 (51.7%) were VIA positive, 65 (54.2%) were VIP® positive and 41 (50.2%) were UNIQUE positive. Fifty-five samples (45,8%) were positive by the cultural method and VIA simultaneously, 55 (45.8%) by the cultural method and VIP® and 35 (43.2%) by the cultural and UNIQUE. VIA detected 4 positive samples that were not detected by any of the other methods, while VIP detected 7 positive samples and UNIQUE only 2. VIA and VIP® tests are fast and easy to execute. They also performed similarly to the cultural method despite the food matrix. UNIQUE, on the other hand, was strongly influenced by the sample type and generated a high number of false positive results what makes its use unpractical.
35

Dispositifs ultra-sensibles pour le nano-adressage electrique. Application a la detection de biomolecules

MALAQUIN, Laurent 09 June 2004 (has links) (PDF)
" Because technology provides the tools and biology the problems, the two should enjoy a happy marriage ! "1 . Cette phrase resume parfaitement l'esprit du projet qui a motive ces travaux de these. En effet, le couplage des biotechnologies et des micro et nano technologies, resume sous le vocable < Nanobiotechnologies > est une activite en plein essor qui laisse presager de nombreuses applications en particulier dans le domaine de la biodetection. Lobjectif principal de ces travaux est dedie au developpement de strategies d'adressage de biomolecules a l'echelle nanometrique pour des applications de biodetection. Le premier aspect de ce travail est d'ordre technologique. Il concerne la fabrication de dispositifs d'adressage bases sur des reseaux de nanoelectrodes planaires. En utilisant un procede reposant sur lutilisation de la lithographie electronique haute resolution sur un microscope TEM/STEM, nous avons pu demontrer la fabrication de dispositifs a base de nanoelectrodes presentant des espaces inter-electrodes controlables entre 100 et 15nm. Une technique de lithographie alternative, la Nano-Impression est egalement presentee comme une solution possible a la replication de nanodispositifs fabriques par lithographie electronique. La deuxieme partie des travaux est dediee a la mise en place dun schema de detection de nanoparticules que nous avons developpe autour de dispositifs bases sur des reseaux delectrodes inter-digitees. Avant de nous interesser a l'utilisation de ces dispositifs pour une application biologique, nous avons etudie leur reponse electrique vis-a-vis de l'absorption de nanoparticules d'Or par interaction electrostatique. Les premiers resultats obtenus montrent que le schema de detection permet d'atteindre un niveau de sensibilite ultime au travers d'une mesure directe de la conductance des dispositifs. Certaines experiences montrent en effet la possibilite de mesurer electriquement l'adsorption d'une seule nanoparticule. Enfin, la derniere partie de ces travaux est dediee a l'adaptation de ce protocole pour la detection de biomolecules fonctionnalisees par des nanoparticules d'Or. Pour cela, nous avons employe une approche simple basee sur un systeme de reconnaissance entre une molecule cible et une molecule sonde. Ce schema a ete applique a la detection d'interaction antigene/anticorps et nous a permis de transcrire la selectivite de la reconnaissance entre les anticorps dans le depot des nanoparticules qui se traduit par une modification importante de la conductance du dispositif. Les possibilites d'integration ainsi que la compatibilite des dispositifs avec des systemes de microfluidique rendent ce schema de detection particulierement adapte pour le developpement d'un systeme integre de biodetection a tres haute sensibilite. 1 S. Fields, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol 98, pp 10051-10054 (2001)
36

Identification of toll-like receptor 9 as parapoxvirus ovis-sensing receptor in plasmacytoid dendritic cells

von Buttlar, Heiner, Siegemund, Sabine, Büttner, Matthias, Alber, Gottfried 01 September 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Parapoxvirus ovis (PPVO) is known for its immunostimulatory capacities and has been successfully used to generate vector vaccines effective especially in non-permissive host species. Murine conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (cDC and pDC) are able to recognize PPVO. The PPVO-sensing receptor on pDC is hitherto unknown. In this study we aimed to define the pattern recognition receptor responsible for the activation of murine pDC by inactivated and replication-competent PPVO. We show that PPVO-induced expression of type I and type III interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and costimulatory CD86 by bone marrow-derived pDC but not cDC is blocked by chloroquine, an inhibitor of endosomal maturation. The activation of pDC is independent of viral replication and depends mainly on TLR9. Moreover, the use of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin or C-Jun-N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 results in significant reduction of PPVO-induced pDC activation. Taken together, our data identify endosomal TLR9 as PPVO-sensing receptor in pDC.
37

Avaliação da viabilidade do emprego dos testes VIA e UNIQUE (TECRA® Diagnostics) e VIP® (BioControl Systems) para triagem da presença de Listeria sp em produtos cárneos / Detection of Listeria sp in meat and meat products using TECRA® Listeria VIA, TECRA® Listeria UNIQUE and biocontrol VIP® for Listeria immunoassays and a cultural procedure.

Lina Casale Aragon-Alegro 06 February 2004 (has links)
Surtos de listeriose têm sido causa de preocupação para indústrias de alimentos e profissionais da saúde. Os testes de rotina para detecção de Listeria sp em alimentos são demorados e envolvem o uso de meios de cultura seletivos para enriquecimento e semeadura. Neste estudo, a presença de Listeria sp, em amostras de produtos cárneos, foi investigada por testes imunológicos rápidos (Tecra® Listeria VIA, Tecra® Listeria UNIQUE e BioControl VIP® para Listeria) e pelo método clássico (Health Protection Branch, Canadá). A concordância entre o método clássico e os testes rápidos foi estabelecida com limite de 95% de confiança. Verificou-se que os testes VIA e VIP® são de fácil execução e rápidos, além de apresentarem desempenho comparável ao do método clássico, independentemente do alimento avaliado. O teste UNIQUE apresentou desempenho variável com a amostra e gerou um número elevado de resultados positivos falsos, o que dificulta seu emprego. / Outbreaks of human listeriosis have been a cause of concern to the food industry and health professionals. The routine methods for detecting Listeria sp in foods are time-consuming and involve the use of selective enrichments and culturing on selective agars. In this study, the presence of Listeria sp in 120 meat and meat products samples was investigated by three rapid immunoassays (Tecra® Listeria VIA, Listeria UNIQUE and BioControl VIP®.+ for Listeria) and a cultural procedure. The detection of Listeria sp by the cultural method was done according to Canada\'s Health Protection Branch Method and the detection using rapid tests was done following the manufacturers\' instructions. The agreement between cultural and rapid tests was established at a confidence limit of 95%. Eighty-one samples (67.5%) were Listeria sp positive by at least one of the four methods. L. monocytogenes was present in 49.2% of the samples. Sixty-four samples (53.3%) were positive by the cultural procedure. For the rapid tests, 62 (51.7%) were VIA positive, 65 (54.2%) were VIP® positive and 41 (50.2%) were UNIQUE positive. Fifty-five samples (45,8%) were positive by the cultural method and VIA simultaneously, 55 (45.8%) by the cultural method and VIP® and 35 (43.2%) by the cultural and UNIQUE. VIA detected 4 positive samples that were not detected by any of the other methods, while VIP detected 7 positive samples and UNIQUE only 2. VIA and VIP® tests are fast and easy to execute. They also performed similarly to the cultural method despite the food matrix. UNIQUE, on the other hand, was strongly influenced by the sample type and generated a high number of false positive results what makes its use unpractical.
38

Identification of toll-like receptor 9 as parapoxvirus ovis-sensing receptor in plasmacytoid dendritic cells: Identification of toll-like receptor 9 as parapoxvirusovis-sensing receptor in plasmacytoid dendritic cells

von Buttlar, Heiner, Siegemund, Sabine, Büttner, Matthias, Alber, Gottfried January 2014 (has links)
Parapoxvirus ovis (PPVO) is known for its immunostimulatory capacities and has been successfully used to generate vector vaccines effective especially in non-permissive host species. Murine conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (cDC and pDC) are able to recognize PPVO. The PPVO-sensing receptor on pDC is hitherto unknown. In this study we aimed to define the pattern recognition receptor responsible for the activation of murine pDC by inactivated and replication-competent PPVO. We show that PPVO-induced expression of type I and type III interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and costimulatory CD86 by bone marrow-derived pDC but not cDC is blocked by chloroquine, an inhibitor of endosomal maturation. The activation of pDC is independent of viral replication and depends mainly on TLR9. Moreover, the use of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin or C-Jun-N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 results in significant reduction of PPVO-induced pDC activation. Taken together, our data identify endosomal TLR9 as PPVO-sensing receptor in pDC.
39

Biogratings: Diffractive Transducers for Biosensing in Photonic Platforms

Juste Dolz, Augusto Miguel 15 June 2023 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] El desarrollo científico y tecnológico de las últimas décadas ha dado lugar a sistemas sensores capaces de obtener, procesar y transmitir información sobre multitud de aspectos físicos y químicos, y utilizarla para mejorar aspectos clave de multitud de áreas de nuestra sociedad. Los sensores químicos son dispositivos compactos y miniaturizados capaces de ofrecer soluciones alternativas a las técnicas de análisis instrumental convencionales. En especial, los biosensores han adquirido gran relevancia por los avances que han supuesto para sectores estratégicos como el diagnóstico clínico, la industria alimentaria y el medio ambiente. Los biosensores ópticos se basan en interacciones entre la luz y la materia para transducir eventos de bioreconocimiento y presentan prestaciones importantes como la estabilidad, inmunidad a estímulos externos y versatilidad en el desarrollo de aproximaciones sin marcaje (label-free). Este último aspecto suele aprovechar fenómenos nanoscópicos y su desarrollo se encuentra muy ligado al progreso de la nanociencia y nanotecnología. Un aspecto clave en el biosensado sin marcaje consiste en descubrir y desarrollar nuevas estrategias de transducción. En este sentido, aunque se encuentren aun en una etapa temprana de desarrollo, los biosensores difractivos presentan un gran potencial en términos de simplicidad, miniaturización, y capacidad para minimizar señales no deseadas fruto de interacciones no específicas, entre otros aspectos. / [CA] El desenvolupament científic i tecnològic de les últimes dècades ha donat lloc a sistemes sensors capaços d'obtindre, processar i transmetre informació sobre multitud d'aspectes físics i químics, i utilizar-la per a millorar aspectes clau de multitud d'arees de la nostra societat. Els sensors químics són dispositius compactes i miniaturitzats capaços d'oferir solucions alternatives a les tècniques d'analisi instrumental convencionals. Especialment, els biosensors han adquirit gran rellevància pels avanços que han suposat per als sectors estratègics com el diagnòstic clínic, la industria alimentària i el medi ambient. Els biosensors òptics es basen en interaccions entre la llum i la matèria per a transduir esdeveniments de bioreconèixement i presenten prestacions importants com estabilitat, immunitat a estímuls externs i versatilitat en el desenvolupament d'aproximacions sense marcatge (label-free). Aquest últim aspecte sol aprofitat fenòmens nanoscòpics i el seu desenvolupament es troba molt lligat al progrés de la nanociència i nanotecnologia. Un aspecte clau en el biosensat sense marcatge consisteix a descobrir i desenvolupar noves estratègies de transducció. En aquest sentit, encara que es troben fins i tot en una etapa primerenca de desenvolupament, els biosensors difractius presenten un gran potencial en termes de simplicitat, miniaturització, i capacitat per a minimitzar senyals no desitjats fruit d'interaccions no específiques, entre altres aspectes. / [EN] The scientific and technological progress in recent decades has given rise to sensor systems capable of obtaining, processing, and transmitting information on a multitude of physical and chemical aspects and using it to improve key aspects of many areas of our society. Chemical sensors are compact, miniaturized devices capable of offering alternative solutions to conventional instrumental analysis techniques. In particular, biosensors have become highly relevant due to the progress they have brought to strategic sectors such as clinical diagnostics, the food industry, and the environment. Optical biosensors rely on interactions between light and matter to transduce biosensing events and provide important features such as stability, immunity to external stimuli, and versatility in the development of label-free approaches. This last aspect usually exploits nanoscopic phenomena and its development in closely linked to the progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology. A key aspect of label-free biosensing is the discovery and development of new transduction strategies. In this regard, although they are at an early stage of development, diffractive biosensors offer great potential in terms of simplicity, miniaturization, and the ability to minimize unwanted signals from non-specific interactions, among other aspects. / This work was financially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) co-funded by the European Union “ERDF A way of making Europe” (PID2019-110713RB-I00, TED2021-132584B-C21, PID2019-110877GB-I00), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (TEC2016-80385-P), Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2019/048 PROMETEO/2020/094, PROMETEO/2021/015, IDIFEDER/2021/046). A.J.D. ackowledges the FPI-UPV 2017 grant program. The authors acknowledge Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona CNM-CSIC for the support in the fabrication of the measured chip samples on the Multiproject CNM-VLC silicon nitride technology platform. / Juste Dolz, AM. (2023). Biogratings: Diffractive Transducers for Biosensing in Photonic Platforms [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/194251 / Compendio
40

Síntesis, estabilización y funcionalización de nanocristales de perovskita de haluros metálicos para su empleo como reveladores y marcadores en histoquímica, cultivos celulares y biosensado

Collantes Pablo, Cynthia 12 February 2024 (has links)
[ES] Los nanocristales de perovskita de haluros metálicos, cuya fórmula general es ABX3 (A = Cs+, CH3NH3+, CH(NH2)2+; B = Pb+2, Sn+2; y X = Cl-, Br-, I-) son una clase de nanomateriales semiconductores que han tenido un gran impacto en fotovoltaica y en la fabricación de dispositivos emisores de luz debido a sus excelentes propiedades optoelectrónicas, entre ellas, la capacidad para transportar cargas, generar electricidad y producir luz. Aunque se trata de un área menos explorada, tienen potencial para convertirse en marcadores luminiscentes en aplicaciones biológicas por sus dimensiones nanométricas (4-15 nm) y por exhibir propiedades ópticas únicas, entre ellas: alto rendimiento cuántico de fluorescencia, espectro de emisión estrecho y posibilidad de modular su emisión en función de su tamaño y composición para obtener una amplia gama de colores en la región visible (410-700 nm), lo que los convierte en candidatos prometedores en multiplexado. Además, presentan absorción multifotónica en el cercano infrarrojo y emisión upconversion, siendo una ventaja en diagnóstico por imagen, ya que se emplea una radiación que es inocua para los tejidos, tiene mayor penetración, reduce la autofluorescencia celular y mejora la relación señal-ruido. A pesar de las excelentes propiedades ópticas de estos materiales, tienden a degradarse frente a la humedad, oxígeno, luz y alta temperatura, lo que supone una clara limitación para el desarrollo de sus aplicaciones en biosensado y diagnóstico por imagen. Durante los últimos años, los avances en los métodos de encapsulación han permitido mejorar su estabilidad frente a agentes externos, generando estructuras core-shell o integrándose en matrices de una gran variedad de materiales, entre los que se incluyen óxidos inorgánicos, polímeros u otros semiconductores. Esta tesis se ha centrado en el desarrollo de diferentes nanopartículas de perovskita estables en medio acuoso para su utilización como marcadores luminiscentes en biosensado o bioimagen in vitro. En todas las metodologías propuestas se ha pretendido que las partículas resultantes cumplan con una serie de requisitos, principalmente: tamaño nanométrico (< 200 nm), elevado rendimiento cuántico de fluorescencia, estabilidad química y estructural en tampón salino o medios de cultivo, y fácil conjugación a biorreceptores específicos. Esta tesis contribuye al avance en el desarrollo de nanomateriales luminiscentes basados en perovskitas de haluros metálicos, abordando el desafío que supone su estabilización en medio acuoso y demostrando su viabilidad en medios biológicos. Se prevé que, en un futuro, sea posible su implantación en el desarrollo de plataformas analíticas de alto rendimiento que permitan la detección y/o cuantificación óptica de analitos de interés clínico, medioambiental o alimentario en el punto de atención, cumpliendo con los criterios de rapidez, fiabilidad, facilidad de manejo y bajo coste, superando en sensibilidad y capacidad de multiplexado a los sistemas actuales, la mayoría de ellos basados en nanopartículas de oro, colorantes orgánicos o sistemas quimioluminiscentes. / [CA] Els nanocristals de perovskita d'halurs metàl·lics, amb fórmula general ABX3 (A = Cs+, CH3NH3+, CH(NH2)2+; B = Pb+2, Sn+2; y X = Cl-, Br-, I-), són una classe de nanomaterials semiconductors que han tingut un gran impacte en fotovoltaica i en la fabricació de dispositius emissors de llum a causa de les seues excel·lents propietats optoelectròniques, entre elles, la capacitat per a transportar càrregues, generar electricitat i produir llum. Encara que es tracta d'una àrea menys explorada, tenen potencial per a convertir-se en marcadors luminescents en aplicacions biològiques per les seues dimensions nanomètriques (4-15 nm) i per exhibir propietats òptiques úniques, entre elles: alt rendiment quàntic de fluorescència, espectre d'emissió estret i possibilitat de modular la seua emissió en funció de les seues dimensions i composición, de manera que es pot obtindre una àmplia gamma de colors a la regió visible (410-700 nm), la qual cosa els converteix en candidats prometedors en multiplexatge. A més, presenten absorció multifotònica en el pròxim infraroig i emissió upconversion, sent un avantatge en diagnòstic per imatge, ja que s'empra una radiació que és innòcua per als teixits, té major penetració, redueix l'autofluorescència cel·lular i millora la relació senyal-soroll. Malgrat les excel·lents propietats òptiques d'aquests materials, tendeixen a degradar-se enfront de la humitat, oxigen, llum i alta temperatura, la qual cosa suposa una clara limitació per al desenvolupament de les seues aplicacions en biosensat i diagnòstic per imatge. Durant els últims anys, els avanços en els mètodes d'encapsulació han permés millorar la seua estabilitat enfront d'agents externs, generant estructures core-shell o integrant-se en matrius d'una gran varietat de materials, entre els quals s'inclouen òxids inorgànics, polímers o altres semiconductors. Aquesta tesi s'ha centrat en el desenvolupament de diferents nanopartícules de perovskita estables al mig aquós per a la seua utilització com a marcadors luminescents en biosensat o bioimatge in vitro. En totes les metodologies proposades s'ha pretés que les partícules resultants complisquen amb una sèrie de requisits, principalment: grandària nanomètric (< 200 nm), elevat rendiment quàntic de fluorescència, estabilitat química i estructural en tampó salí o medis de cultiu, i fàcil conjugació a biorreceptors específics. Aquesta tesi contribueix a l'avanç en el desenvolupament de nanomaterials luminescents basats en perovskitas d'halurs metàl·lics, abordant el desafiament que suposa la seua estabilització al mig aquós i demostrant la seua viabilitat en mitjans biològics. Es preveu que, en un futur, siga possible la seua implantació en el desenvolupament de plataformes analítiques d'alt rendiment que permeten la detecció i/o quantificació òptica d'anàlits d'interés clínic, mediambiental o alimentari en el punt d'atenció, complint amb els criteris de rapidesa, fiabilitat, facilitat de maneig i baix cost, superant en sensibilitat i capacitat de multiplexatge als sistemes actuals, la majoria d'ells basats en nanopartícules d'or, colorants orgànics o sistemes quimioluminescents. / [EN] Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals, with the general formula ABX3 (A = Cs+, CH3NH3+, CH(NH2)2+; B = Pb+2, Sn+2; y X = Cl-, Br-, I-), constitute a new class of semiconductor nanomaterials with a significant impact on photovoltaic industry and fabrication of light-emitting devices due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, including the ability to transport charges, generate electricity and produce light. While it has not been deeply explored yet, they have the potential to become luminescent labels in biological applications, given their nanometric size (4-15 nm) and unique optical properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission spectra, and the possibility to tune their emission based on size and composition. This enables a wide color gamut in the visible region (410-700 nm), making them promising candidates in multiplexing. Moreover, perovskite nanocrystals exhibit strong multi-photon absorption properties in the near-infrared region and upconversion emission, which are an advantage for bioimaging applications since near-infrared radiation is less hazardous to living organisms, has deeper tissue penetration, reduces cellular autofluorescence and enhances signal-to-noise ratio. Despite the exceptional optical properties of perovskite nanocrystals, their potential in biosensing and bioimaging applications is hindered by their poor stability against moisture, oxygen, light and heat. To overcome these issues, in the last years, several strategies have been developed to improve their stability through the encapsulation of perovskite nanocrystals in a wide variety of protective materials, such as inorganic oxides, polymers, or semiconductors, in the form of core-shell nanoparticles or embedded in a matrix. This thesis focuses on the synthesis and stabilization of perovskite nanocrystals in aqueous environments with the aim of using them as luminescent labels in biosensing or in vitro bioimaging. Different methodologies have been employed to yield particles that meet specific requirements: nanometric size (< 200 nm), high photoluminescence quantum yield, robust chemical and structural stability in saline buffers or culture media, and facile conjugation with bioreceptors. This thesis contributes to the development of luminescent nanomaterials based on metal halide perovskite nanocrystals, facing the challenge of stabilizing them in aqueous media and testing their viability in biologic media. We envision that, in the near future, it will be possible to incorporate perovskite nanoparticles in the development of high-throughput analytical platforms for the optical detection and/or quantification of clinically, environmentally or food-related analytes at the point of care, meeting the criteria of speed, reliability, ease of use, and low cost, surpassing current systems in sensitivity and multiplexing, most of them based on gold nanoparticles, organic dyes or chemiluminescent systems. / Quiero expresar mi gratitud a Mª José Bañuls y Ángel Maquieira, por concederme la beca de formación predoctoral FPI (BES-2017-080242), asociada al proyecto de Biosensores holográficos. Prueba de concepto y demostración en aplicaciones clínicas (CTQ2016-75749-R), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad / Collantes Pablo, C. (2024). Síntesis, estabilización y funcionalización de nanocristales de perovskita de haluros metálicos para su empleo como reveladores y marcadores en histoquímica, cultivos celulares y biosensado [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202615

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