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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Immunosuppression associée à l'enzyme interleukine-4 induced gene 1 (IL4I1) : régulation de l'expression dans les cellules humaines et rôle dans l'échappement tumoral à la réponse immune dans un modèle murin

Lasoudris, Fanette 25 March 2011 (has links) (PDF)
La protéine IL4I1 est une enzyme sécrétée dont l'activité L-amino acide oxydase vis-à-visde la phénylalanine inhibe la prolifération des lymphocytes T in vitro (Boulland et al, Blood 2007).Comme d'autres enzymes immunosuppressives, elle est exprimée dans les tumeurs au niveau descellules myéloïdes et/ou des cellules tumorales (Carbonnelle-Puscian et al, Leukemia 2009). Le but decette thèse a été de caractériser les conditions d'expression d'IL4I1 et de comprendre son rôle dans lecancer.Nous avons montré que les macrophages et les cellules dendritiques représentent la principalesource d'IL4I1 in vitro et dans des lésions inflammatoires chroniques. L'expression d'IL4I1 dans lesphagocytes mononucléés est induite par les interférons ou les ligands de TLR, activant respectivementSTAT1 et NF-kB, tandis que les lymphocytes B expriment des niveaux nettement plus faibles d'IL4I1sous le contrôle de la voie IL-4/STAT6 et de la voie CD40/NFkB. L'expression d'IL4I1 par des cellulesmonocytaires inhibe la production de cytokines Th1 et pourrait donc contribuer à la régulation del'inflammation Th1 in vivo.Dans un modèle murin de cancer, l'expression d'IL4I1 facilite le développement tumoral endiminuant la réponse T cytotoxique spécifique de la tumeur. Ceci est observé à des niveaux d'activitéIL4I1 proches de ceux mesurés dans des tumeurs humaines, suggérant qu'IL4I1 puisse contribuer àl'échappement des tumeurs au système immunitaire chez l'homme. Nous avons développé plusieursmutants d'IL4I1, afin d'évaluer l'impact de l'activité enzymatique versus celui de l'éventuelle liaison del'enzyme à un récepteur, dans l'effet protumoral observé. Un de ces mutants est actuellementdisponible pour une étude chez la souris.Nos résultats installent définitivement IL4I1 dans le panorama des enzymesimmunosuppressives associées au cancer et ouvrent la voie au développement d'inhibiteursspécifiques comme outils thérapeutiques
112

Detection of donor cells in recipient tissues after stem cell transplantation using FISH and immunophenotypi Stem cell transplantationng /

Jansson, Monika. January 2007 (has links)
Lic. -avh. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.
113

Studies on mechanisms of busulphan cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics : with special reference to liposomal busulphan /

Hassan, Zuzana, January 1900 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2001. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
114

Cannabinoids suppress dendritic cell-induced T helper cell polarization /

Lu, Tangying (Lily). January 2006 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2006. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-105). Also available online.
115

Efeito da Ciclosporina A associada à infusão de nó-de-cachorro (Heteropterys aphrodisiaca, O. Mach, 1949) na próstata de ratos Wistar / Effect of Cyclosporin A associated with nó-de-cachorro (Heteropterys aphrodisiaca, O. Mach, 1949) infusion on Wistar rats ventral prostate

Freitas, Karine Moura, 1986- 17 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Mary Anne Heidi Dolder, Sebastiâo Roberto Taboga / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T18:35:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_KarineMoura_M.pdf: 32609387 bytes, checksum: b57920281a8b30d840a5b4ab35a6557e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A Ciclosporina A (CsA) é um imunossupressor amplamente utilizado no tratamento pós-transplante de órgãos e contra doenças auto-imunes. Entretanto, diversos efeitos colaterais estão relacionados ao tratamento com esta droga, dentre eles nefrotoxicidade, hepatoxicidade, tremor, hipertensão, hiperlipidemia, hipercalcemia, hipertricose e hiperplasia gengival. Além destes, danos à reprodução masculina como redução na produção de testosterona e disfunção testicular são extensivamente documentados. Heteropterys aphrodisiaca é uma planta arbustiva típica do Cerrado brasileiro. É conhecida como nó-de-cachorro, sendo utilizada popularmente como tônica e afrodisíaca. Estudos anteriores confirmam a eficiência da infusão de H. aphrodisiaca contra os efeitos colaterais a CsA nos testículos. Visto isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar os possíveis efeitos colaterais da CsA na próstata ventral de ratos Wistar e verificar se a infusão de H. aphrodisiaca seria eficiente em minimizá-los. Trinta ratos Wistar adultos (90 dias) foram divididos em cinco grupos (n=6 em cada): Grupo I (controle): tratado com água; grupo II: tratado com CsA; grupo III: tratado com infusão de H. aphrodisiaca; grupo IV: tratamento simultâneo de CsA e H. aphrodisiaca; e grupo V: tratamento com CsA e H. aphrodisiaca em dias alternados. A CsA foi administrada na dose de 15 mg/kg/dia e a infusão de nó-de-cachorro no volume de 0,5 ml por animal (infusão preparada com 25 g de raiz seca e moída em 100 ml de água fervida). Todos os tratamentos foram realizados diariamente, durante 56 dias. Após este período os animais foram pesados e eutanasiados. Testículo, epidídimo, glândula vesicular, glândula de coagulação e próstata ventral foram coletados e pesados. A próstata ventral foi dividida em três porções. Uma foi fixada em Karnovsky e processada para inclusão em metacrilato; este material foi utilizado para análises morfológicas, morfométricas e estereológicas do tecido. A segunda porção, também fixada com Karnovsky, foi processada para inclusão em Epon; este material foi utilizado para realização de análises em microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Por fim, a terceira porção foi fixada em Metacarn e incluída em parafina para realização de imunohistoquímica para detecção de receptor de andrógeno e técnica para detecção de apoptose (TUNEL). As análises morfológicas, morfométricas, estereológicas e ultraestruturais mostraram que o tratamento com a infusão de H. aphrodisiaca não causou nenhuma alteração na próstata ventral. Por outro lado, o tratamento com CsA causou severos danos a este tecido como redução nos volumes de lumen, epitélio, estroma muscular e não muscular, além de atrofia do epitélio. A análise ultraestrutural mostrou que nas células do epitélio atrofiado havia redução das organelas relacionadas à secreção de proteínas (retículo endoplasmático rugoso e complexo de Golgi), o que provavelmente leva à diminuição de sua atividade secretora. O tratamento conjunto de CsA e H. aphrodisiaca aparentemente reduziu os danos causados na próstata, o que foi evidenciado pela normalização nos parâmetros analisados que haviam sido prejudicados pela administração somente da CsA. Nenhuma alteração entre os grupos experimentais foi observada no padrão de marcação imunohistoquímica para receptores de andrógeno e no índice apoptótico. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o tratamento com CsA causa danos na estrutura prostática que provavelmente refletem em danos funcionais ao tecido. Além disso, foi confirmada a ação protetora da infusão de H. aphrodisiaca contra os efeitos colaterais da CsA na próstata ventral de ratos Wistar / Abstract: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in the post-operative treatment after organ transplants and against auto-immune diseases. However, various side effects have been associated with the use of this drug, including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, tremors, hypertension, hyperlipidemy, hypercalcicity, hypertrichosia and hyperplasticity of the gums. Besides these, damage to the male reproductive system, such as diminished testosterone production and testicular dysfunction, have been extensively documented. Heteropterys aphrodisiaca is a bush, typical of the Brazilian "Cerrado" region. It is known as "nó-de-cachorro" and used in traditional medicine as a tonic and an aphrodisiac drink. Previous studies confirm the efficiency of H. aphrodisiaca against the side effects of CsA in rat testicles. As a consequence, this research was undertaken with the aim of determining the possible collateral effects of CsA in the ventral prostate of Wistar rats and to verify whether the infusion of H. aphrodisiaca would be efficient to diminish the possible collateral effects of CsA in this organ. Thirty adult Wistar rats (90 days old) were divided into five groups (n=6 in each). Group I (control) was treated with water, Group II with CsA, group III received the H. aphrodisiaca infusion, group IV was treated simultaneously with CsA and H. aphrodisiaca infusion and group V received CsA or H. aphrodisiaca infusion on alternate days. CsA was administered in the dose of 15 mg/kg/day and the infusion in a volume of 0.5 ml per animal (infusion prepared with 25 g of dry ground roots in 100 ml of boiling water). All treatments were given daily for 56 days. After this period the rats were weighed and euthanized. Testis, epididymis, vesicular gland, coagulating gland and the ventral prostate were collected and weighed. The ventral prostate was divided into three portions. One was fixed in Karnovsky fixative and processed for inclusion in methacrylate. This portion was used for morphological, morphometrical and stereological analysis of the tissue. A second portion, fixed in the same manner, was processed for inclusion in Epon and analyzed with the transmission electron microscope. The last portion was fixed in Metacarn and included in paraffin to be used for immunohistochemistry of the androgen receptor and the TUNEL technique for apoptosis. The morphological, morphometrical, stereological and ultrastructural analyses showed that the H. aphrodisiaca infusion did not cause any alteration of the prostatic tissue. On the other hand, CsA treatment resulted in severe damage to the tissue, reducing the lumen, epithelium, muscular and non-muscular stroma. Atrophied epithelium was observed after CsA administration. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the atrophied epithelium had reduced organelles involved in protein secretion (rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex) which probably causes decreased secretory activity of the cells. The simultaneous treatment of CsA and H. aphrodisiaca apparently reduced the prostatic damage, since these were less damaged when compared to the prostate of animals that received only CsA. No alteration was found in the pattern of immunohistochemical labeling for androgen receptors and the apoptotic index, for all experimental groups. The results showed that CsA treatment caused structural damage to the prostate which probably reflected functional damage to the organ. The protective action of the H. aphrodisiaca infusion against the collateral effects of CsA was also confirmed for this organ. / Mestrado / Biologia Celular / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
116

Planejamento, síntese e avaliação imunossupressora e anti-inflamatória de derivados antraquinônicos

Corrêa, Taís Arthur 31 January 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-02T19:44:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 taisarthurcorrea.pdf: 15535064 bytes, checksum: bc51d525d36c8791fdee90743f4d27c6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-13T13:12:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 taisarthurcorrea.pdf: 15535064 bytes, checksum: bc51d525d36c8791fdee90743f4d27c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-13T13:12:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 taisarthurcorrea.pdf: 15535064 bytes, checksum: bc51d525d36c8791fdee90743f4d27c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / As antraquinonas constituem uma importante classe de compostos orgânicos, devido a sua ocorrência na natureza e por serem versáteis na preparação de novos compostos bioativos. Tal fato pode ser confirmado pelo grande número de moléculas sintetizadas a cada ano pertencentes a essa classe, dando destaque aos compostos com atividade antitumoral, antiinflamatória e imunossupressora. Neste trabalho são descritas as sínteses de aminas, amidas, éteres e amino-álcoois a partir das antraquinonas 1,4-diaminoantraquinona, 1,4-diidroxiantraquinona e 1,5-diamino-4,8-diidroxiantraquinona, usando a mitoxantrona como composto protótipo. Duas séries foram obtidas por reação de O-alquilação da 1,4-diidroxiantraquinona com posterior substituição do grupo abandonador presente no grupo alquila ou mesmo dos grupos O-alquila ligados ao anel antraquinônico por diferentes aminas ou amino-álcoois. Uma terceira série de compostos foi obtida através da preparação de dois intermediários reativos “leucoquinizarim” e sua posterior condensação com diferentes amino-álcoois. As quarta e quinta séries tratam da síntese de diferentes compostos a partir da 1,4-diaminoantraquinona como monoamidas, diamidas e amino-álcoois, via condensação empregando reagentes de acoplamento, cloreto de acila e abertura de epóxido, respectivamente. Após a purificação e caracterização dos compostos através de métodos espectroscópicos usuais (RMN de 1H e de 13C, infravermelho e massas) suas propriedades citotóxicas, antiinflamatória e imunossupressora foram avaliadas in vitro e as substâncias mais ativas estão sendo avaliadas quanto a sua atividade frente à modulação da resposta imune in vivo no modelo de encefalomielite autoimune experimental (EAE). Em geral, as modificações estruturais propostas neste conjunto de moléculas apresentaram uma diminuição no processo inflamatório através da diminuição na produção de NO, que é uma melhoria quando comparado com a mitoxantrona, além de apresentarem inibição de mediadores inflamatórios (TNF-α e IL-1β), sugerindo um caráter imunossupressor. / Anthraquinone is an important class of organic compounds due to their common occurrence in nature, as well as being versatile in the preparation of novel bioactive compounds. This can be confirmed by the large number of molecules synthesized each year containing this group, emphasizing compounds with immunosuppressive, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activity. This work describes the synthesis of amines, amides, ethers and amino alcohols derived from anthraquinones such as 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, 1,4-dihydroxianthraquinone and 1-5-dihydroxi-4,8-diaminoanthraquinone using mitoxantrone as a prototype compound. Two series were obtained by O-alkylation reaction of 1,4-dihydroxianthraquinona with subsequent replacement of the leaving group or the same group attached to the alkyl-anthraquinone ring with different amino alcohols or amines. A third series of compounds was obtained by preparing two reactive intermediate "leucoquinizarim" and subsequent condensation to various amino-alcohols. The fourth and fifth series reports the synthesis of different compounds from the 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones as monoamides, diamides and amino alcohols, via condensation with coupling reagents, acyl chloride and epoxide opening, respectively. After purification and characterization of the compounds though the usual spectroscopic methods (1H and 13C NMR, Infrared and mass spectra) their immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties were evaluated in vitro and the most active substances are being evaluated and check the action in the modulation of the in vivo immune response of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In general, structural modifications proposed in this set of molecules showed a decrease in inflammation by reducing the production of NO, which is an improvement compared to the mitoxantrone, besides presenting inhibition of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), suggesting an immunosuppressive character.
117

Impacto da suplementação de Vitamina C sobre níveis de peroxidação lipídica e glutationa reduzida em tecido hepático de camundongos com imunossupressão induzida por ciclofosfamida / Impact of Vitamin C supplementation on levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione in the liver tissue of mice with cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression

Araújo, Évelyn de Sousa 14 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T14:21:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Évelyn_de_Souza_Araujo.pdf: 709442 bytes, checksum: 4e404862834511493c23fee011f7977f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T20:23:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Évelyn_de_Souza_Araujo.pdf: 709442 bytes, checksum: 4e404862834511493c23fee011f7977f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T20:23:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Évelyn_de_Souza_Araujo.pdf: 709442 bytes, checksum: 4e404862834511493c23fee011f7977f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T20:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Évelyn_de_Souza_Araujo.pdf: 709442 bytes, checksum: 4e404862834511493c23fee011f7977f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Sem bolsa / A ciclofosfamida é muito utilizada no tratamento do câncer e como imunossupressor em transplantes. Este quimioterápico induz ao dano oxidativo pelo aumento de espécies reativas de oxigênio. A vitamina C é um nutriente de fundamental importância para o organismo, pois apresenta atividade antioxidante. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos da vitamina C sobre níveis de peroxidação lipídica e glutationa reduzida em tecido hepático de camundongos imunossuprimidos por ciclofosfamida. O estudo foi realizado em camundongos Swiss, fêmeas, 45 dias de idade. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos com oito animais cada. Grupos: grupo controle, grupo vitamina C, grupo ciclofosfamida e grupo tratamento (vitamina c e ciclofosfamida). O tratamento teve duração de seis dias, sendo no sétimo a eutanásia dos animais. As análises bioquímicas de peroxidação lipídica e glutationa reduzida foram realizadas em tecido hepático. A ciclofosfamida causou aumento significativo (p <0,0001) nos níveis de peroxidação lipídica. Não foram observadas alterações significativas nos grupos tratados com vitamina C e não houve interação entre a vitamina C e ciclofosfamida. A ciclofosfamida não alterou níveis de glutationa reduzida. A vitamina C causou a redução do nível de glutationa reduzida em relação ao controle, tanto nos animais que receberam ciclofosfamida quanto no controle e houve interação entre Vitamina C e ciclofosfamida, ou seja, o quimioterápico intensificou a diminuição da glutationa reduzida provocada pela Vitamina C. A ciclofosfamida na dose e período utilizado foi capaz de induzir ao dano oxidativo verificado pelo aumento da peroxidação lipídica. A vitamina C na dose de 50 mg/kg de peso não apresentou potencial para proteger contra o dano oxidativo provocado pelo quimioterápico. / Cyclophosphamide is widely used in cancer treatment and as an immunosuppressant in transplant. This chemotherapy induces oxidative damage by increasing reactive oxygen species. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient important for the body because it has antioxidant activity. The present study aims to investigate the effects of vitamin C on levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione in liver tissue of mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide. The study was performed in Swiss mice, female, 45 days old. The animals were divided into four groups of eight animals each. Groups: control group, vitamin C, cyclophosphamide group and treatment group (vitamin C and cyclophosphamide). The treatment lasted six days and on the seventh euthanasia of animals. The biochemical analysis of lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione were performed in liver tissue. The cyclophosphamide caused a significant increase (p <0.0001) in the levels of lipid peroxidation. No significant changes were observed in the groups treated with vitamin C and there was no interaction between vitamin C and cyclophosphamide. The cyclophosphamide did not alter levels of reduced glutathione. Vitamin C has reduced the level of reduced glutathione in the control, both in animals which received cyclophosphamide as the control and was no interaction between vitamin C and cyclophosphamide, or intensified chemotherapy the decrease of reduced glutathione caused by Vitamin C. The cyclophosphamide at a dose and time period used was able to induce oxidative damage verified by increased lipid peroxidation. The vitamin C in a dose of 50 mg / kg showed no potential to protect against oxidative damage caused by chemotherapy.
118

Génération de lymphocytes T CAR-T multi-virus spécifiques résistants à l'action du tacrolimus

Guettouche, Sabrina 12 1900 (has links)
Le transfert adoptif de lymphocytes T virus-spécifiques ou ‘’Chimeric Antigen Receptors’’ (CAR) s’est avéré efficace pour le traitement de plusieurs types d’infections virales et certains cancers à la suite d’une greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques. Cependant, l’immunosuppression administrée pour la prévention du rejet de greffe et de la maladie du greffon contre l’hôte limite l’efficacité et la persistance à long terme des réponses médiées par ces lymphocytes. L’agent immunosuppresseur Tacrolimus (FK506) est parmi les plus utilisés, et fonctionne en liant la protéine FK506-Binding protein (FKBP12) afin d’exercer ses effets immunosuppresseurs sur les lymphocytes T. Dans le but de fournir une protection anti-virale, mais également anti-lymphoprolifératif des lymphocytes B et permettre la poursuite de cette immunosuppression préventive, nous avons pour objectif de générer des lymphocytes CAR-T et virus-spécifiques résistants à l’action du FK506 par l’invalidation du FKBP12. En utilisant la méthode d’édition génique basée sur les CRISPR ciblés par la nucléase Cas9, nous avons pu invalider le gène du FKBP12 sur des lymphocytes T stimulés par CD3-CD28. L’efficacité du knockout a été validée par Western Blot et TIDE sequencing. Le knock-out du gène du FKBP12 a conféré un maintien de la croissance cellulaire et des fonctions effectrices telles que la synthèse de cytokines IL-2, TNFα et IFN γ en présence de Tacrolimus comparativement aux cellules contrôles. Par la même méthode, nous avons pu invalider le gène du FKBP12 sur des lymphocytes T multivirus-spécifiques dont l’efficacité a été validée par cytométrie en flux. Les fonctions effectrices ont également été maintenues en présence de tacrolimus et ont été évaluées par ELISpot. Enfin, des lignées de lymphocytes T multivirus spécifiques dont le gène du FKBP12 a été invalidé ont été transduites avec un vecteur lentiviral dans le but d’exprimer un CAR CD19 dont l’expression a été validée par cytométrie en flux et la réactivité maintenue en présence de tacrolimus. En conclusion, ces résultats nous ont permis de démontrer la faisabilité de génération de lymphocytes T « triple fonction » anti-tumorales, anti-virales et résistantes au tacrolimus. L’application de cette approche semble prometteuse dans un contexte d’une immunothérapie adoptive anti-virale et anti-tumorale post-transplantation de moelle osseuse. / Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T lymphocytes or CAR-T cells has been shown to be effective for the treatment of several types of viral infections and certain cancers following hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, immunosuppression administered for the prevention of transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease limits the efficacy and long-term persistence of responses mediated by these lymphocytes. The widely used immunosuppressive agent Tacrolimus (FK506) requires FK506-Binding protein (FKBP12) to exert its immunosuppressive effects on T cells. We undertook to engineer a multifunctional T-cell therapy to both optimally prevent viral reactivation and relapse of B-cell malignancies post-transplant in the context of immunosuppression. The objective of our work is to generate tacrolimus resistant, multivirus-specific T-cell lines expressing an anti-CD19 CAR. Using the gene editing method based on Clustered Regular interspaced short palidromic repeats (CRISPR) targeted by the CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) nuclease, we were able to invalidate the FKBP12 gene on activated T cells (confirmed by TIDE sequencing and western blotting). Invalidation of FKBP12 conferred maintenance of cell growth and effector functions such as the synthesis of cytokines IL-2, TNFα and IFNγ in the presence of Tacrolimus. Using the same method, we were able to delete the FKBP12 gene in virus-specific T lymphocytes. Effector functions were also maintained in the presence of tacrolimus. Finally, we integrated an anti-CD19 CAR by lentiviral transduction into FKBP12-edited multi-virus T-cell lines, and the efficiency of transduction was determined by flow cytometry. The cells maintained their viral reactivity in the presence of tacrolimus. In conclusion, we were able to confirm the feasibility of generation of ‘’triple function’’ T cells (anti-viral, anti-tumoral and tacrolimus resistant). Multifunctional T-cell product manufacturing is a promising approach to optimize post-transplant T-cell immunity against opportunistic pathogens and underlying malignancies.
119

Učestalost, vrsta i lokalizacija premalignih i malignih lezija kože kod bolesnika nakon transplantacije bubrega / Frequency, type and localization of premalignant and malignant skin lesions in renal transplant recipients

Roš Tatjana 27 September 2016 (has links)
<p>Osobe kojima su transplantirani organi imaju povećan rizik pojave malignih oboljenja, među kojima dominiraju maligni tumori kože. Smatra se da je osnovni razlog primena imunosupresivne terapije, ali jo&scaron; nije sasvim jasan mehanizam i nivo dejstva različitih imunosupresiva. Važan uticaj na nastanak većine malignih tumora kože ima ultraljubičasto (UV) zračenje koje izaziva pojačano starenje kože u vidu histolo&scaron;ki prepoznatljivog fotoo&scaron;tećenja, sa odlikama razvoja elastoze i limfocitne infiltracije. U na&scaron;oj zemlji do sada nisu sprovođena istraživanja rizika pojave maligniteta kože kod transplantiranih pacijenata, ne postoje podaci o njihovoj incidenci, uticaju imunosupresivne terapije i drugim potencijalnim faktorima rizika. U dostupnoj literaturi nema objavljenih radova iz oblasti analize histolo&scaron;kog fotoo&scaron;tećenja kože kod osoba na imunosupresivnoj terapiji. Ciljevi ove studije preseka bili su utvrđivanje učestalosti, vrste i lokalizacije premalignih i malignih lezija kože kod pacijenata nakon transplantacije bubrega, povezanosti njihove pojave sa dužinom, vrstom i režimom primene imunosupresivne terapije i sa histolo&scaron;ki verifikovanim fotoo&scaron;tećenjem perilezionalne kože. U studiju je uključeno 66 pacijenata kojima je transplantiran bubreg (primaoci organskog transplantata &ndash; POT). Relevantni podaci su prikupljeni putem upitnika i iz medicinske dokumentacije, kliničko-dermoskopskim pregledom kože uočene suspektne lezije su bioptirane u cilju postavljanja dijagnoze i utvrđivanja histolo&scaron;kih parametara fotoo&scaron;tećenja, a u studiju su uključeni i maligni tumori kože POT ispitanika uklonjeni u periodu od prethodnih 5 godina ali nakon transplantacije. Radi komparacije prisutnih faktora rizika i stepena fotoo&scaron;tećenja kože sa op&scaron;tom populacijom formirana je kontrolna grupa (KG) ispitanika kojima je prethodno bioptirana koža, bez oboljenja bubrega i bez imunosupresije, slična po polu i životnoj dobi sa onim POT ispitanicima kojima je urađena biopsija. Za svaku leziju iz POT grupe obezbeđene su po 2 lezije iz KG, tako da je pojedinim ispitanicima POT grupe analizirano vi&scaron;e lezija, dok je u KG 1 ispitanik &ndash; 1 lezija. Osnovno oboljenje bubrega do započinjanja dijalize kod ispitanika POT grupe prosečno je trajalo 7,67 godina, u strukturi oboljenja bubrega dominirao je hronični glomerulonefritis sa 31,8%, a ispitanici su na dijalizi bili prosečno 4,54 godine. Prosečna životna dob ispitanika u momentu transplantacije iznosila je 42,5 godina, 60,6% imalo je isključivo kadaveričnu transplantaciju, a prosečno trajanje jatrogene imunosupresije iznosilo je 4,89 god. U POT grupi bioptirane su 33 lezije, među kojima su od značaja za studiju bile 2 (6,1%) aktinične keratoze (AK), 3 (9,1%) displastična nevusa (DN), 1 (3,0%) melanom (MM), 3 (9,1%) skvamocelularna karcinoma (SCK) i 6 (18,2%) bazocelularnih karcinoma (BCK). U POT grupi učestalost MM bila je 1,5%, učestalost SCK 4,5%, učestalost BCK 9,1%, dok je utvrđeni relativan rizik pojave MM u POT populaciji 227 puta veći, BCK 316 puta veći, a SCK 805 puta veći nego u op&scaron;toj populaciji. Relativan rizik nastanka AK i DN nije određen zbog izostanka zvanične registracije u op&scaron;toj populaciji. POT grupa i KG nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale po Ficpatrikovom fototipu kože, profesionalnoj izloženosti UV zračenju, upotrebi solarijuma, broju solarnih opekotina, ličnoj anamnezi malignih tumora kože i konzumiranju cigareta. Pripadnici KG su se značajno vi&scaron;e rekreativno izlagali UV zračenju, če&scaron;će koristili sredstva za za&scaron;titu od sunčevog zračenja, če&scaron;će imali bliske srodnike sa malignim tumorima kože, če&scaron;će konzumirali alkohol, značajno veći broj ispitanika KG imao je pregled kompletne kože i informaciju o merama prevencije od strane lekara, dok 50% ispitanika POT grupe nije znalo da su pod povećanim rizikom pojave maligniteta kože. U stepenu elastoze među grupama nije postojala statistički značajna razlika, dok je limfocitna infiltracija bila marginalno izrazitija u POT grupi bez obzira na vrstu lezije. U POT grupi utvrđena je statistički značajna povezanost prisustva malignog tumora sa većim stepenom perilezionalne limfocitne infiltracije i elastoze. U KG utvrđena je statistički značajna povezanost prisustva malignog tumora sa većim stepenom limfocitne infiltracije, dok nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u stepenu perilezionalne elastoze. U studiji je utvrđeno da osobe nakon transplantacije bubrega imaju statistički značajno veći rizik nastanka BCK, SCK i MM kože u odnosu na op&scaron;tu populaciju, sa najče&scaron;ćom lokalizacijom ovih tumora u predelu glave. Dužina primene imunosupresivne terapije uop&scaron;teno nije statistički značajno uticala na pojavu premalignih i malignih tumora kože, ali je kumulativna doza pojedinih imunosupresiva poput ciklosporina i azatioprina imala statistički značajan uticaj na pojavu premalignih i malignih lezija kože. Dužina imunosupresije je statistički značajno uticala na stepen elastoze, ali je imala marginalan uticaj na stepen perilezionalne limfocitne infiltracije.</p> / <p>Organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk of developing malignancies, with the predominance of malignant skin tumors. The main cause is considered to be the administration of immunosuppressive therapy, but the mechanism and effect levels of different immunosuppressive agents are still not completely clear. Ultraviolet (UV) rays also influence the development of malignant skin tumors, causing increased skin aging with histologically recognisable photo damage, with its hallmark being development of elastosis and lymphocytic infiltration. No research on the topic of risks of malignant skin tumors in transplant patients has been done in our country, there is no data on their incidence, or on the effects of immunosuppressive agents and other potential risk factors. There are also no published studies in the field of hystological photo damage analysis in patients on immunosuppressive therapy. The aims of this study were to establish the rates of occurance, types and localisation of premalignant and malignant skin lesions in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and to associate their advent with the length, type and regimen of immunosuppressive therapy. A total of 66 KTR patients were enrolled in the study. Relevant information was gathered through a specially constructed questionnaire and from the medical records, followed by combined clinical and dermoscopic skin examination to detect suspicious lesions which were biopsied in order to determine the histopathologic diagnosis of the lesion and perilesional degree of photo damage. The study also encompassed malignant skin tumors of KTR patients that have been removed in the last 5 years, but after the transplantation. For the sake of comparison of the risk factors and the levels of photo damage with the general population, an age and sex - matched control group (CG) of patients with previous skin biopsy but without kidney disease and immunosuppression was formed. For each lesion from KTR group, 2 lesions from CG were provided, meaning that some KTR patients had several lesions analysed, whereas in the CG only 1 lesion per patient was analyzed. The average duration of underlying kidney diseases in KTR was 7,67 years, the most frequent being chronic glomerulonephritis (31,8%), and an average duration of dialysis was 4,54 years. The mean age at transplantation was 42,5 years, with 60,6% of the KTR having exclusively cadaveric graft. The mean duration of the iatrogenic immunosuppression was 4,89 years. In the KTR group a total of 33 lesions were biopsied, 2 of which were actinic keratoses (AK) (6,1%), 3 were dysplastic nevi (DN) (9,1%), 1 melanoma (MM) (3,0%), 3 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (9,1%) and 6 basal cell carcinomas (BCC) (18,2%). The estimated frequency of MM was 1,5%, SCC 4,5%, BCC 9,1%, and the estimated relative risk of MM in KTR being 227, BCC 316, and SCC 805 times higher compared to the general population. The relative risk of AK and DN development could not have been estimated as there are no official records in the general population. The KTR and CG were not significantly different judging by the Fitzpatrick skin phototype, occupational UV exposure, sunbed usage, personal history of skin cancers, or smoking. The controls were recreationally more exposed to UV rays, used sun protective measures more frequently, had more relatives with skin cancers and consumed alcohol more frequently. A significantly greater number of controls had had complete skin examination and protective measures counceling by the doctor, while 50% of KTR patients did not even know that they were at an increased risk of malignant skin tumor development. There was no significant difference in elastosis levels among the groups, whereas the lymphocitic infiltration was only marginally greater in the KTR group. A significant association between the level of perilesional photodamage and developement of malignant tumors was estimated for the KTR group, whereas in the CG only the perilesional lymphocitic infiltration was strongly associated to malignant lesions. The study results suggest that KTR patients have a significantly higher risk of BCC, SCC and MM development in comparison with the general population, the most common localisation being in the head region. The duration of the immunosuppressive therapy had no significant effect on the premalignant and malignant tumors development, whereas the cummulative dose of certain immunosuppressives (such as cyclosporine and azathioprine) affected the development notably. The duration of immunosuppression statistically influenced the elastosis levels, but had only a marginal influence on the perilesional lymphocitic infiltration levels.</p>
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Análise da doença óssea após o transplante renal estável: elevada prevalência de doença mista / Bone status after second year of stable graft function: a mixed bone disease

Neves, Carolina Lara 19 September 2007 (has links)
Introdução: Os corticosteróides e a persistência do hiperparatiroidismo são os principais fatores envolvidos na perda de massa óssea de pacientes ao longo do primeiro ano de transplante renal (TR).Os estudos no TR tardio são muito contraditórios,uma vez que as populações avaliadas foram heterogêneas.Os resultados revelaram diminuição da formação e aumento da reabsorção óssea além de defeito na mineralização. Objetivos: 1) Avaliar o metabolismo mineral e o tecido ósseo após o segundo ano de transplante renal em pacientes com boa função do enxerto e sem fatores de risco para a perda de massa óssea. 2) Determinar os possíveis fatores determinantes da massa e remodelação óssea. 3) Estudar a atividade funcional dos osteoblastos in vitro. Métodos: Avaliamos 27 pacientes transplantados renais com idade entre 18 a 50 anos (36,4 + 8,9 anos) boa função do enxerto (clearance de creatinina > 50ml/min), recebendo o mesmo esquema imunossupressor desde o início do TR e doses mínimas de corticosteróides. Todos apresentavam função gonadal normal. Excluímos os pacientes submetidos a paratiroidectomia, que receberam tratamento prévio com cálcio, vitamina D ou bisfosfonato. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação clínica, laboratorial, densitometria óssea (DO) e biópsia óssea da crista ilíaca. Foi realizado cultura de células de osteoblastos, obtidos da biópsia óssea, e analisada a taxa de proliferação celular e expressão de fosfatase alcalina. Resultados: A hipercalcemia esteve presente em 40% dos pacientes, hipofosfatemia em 26% e 15% apresentavam acidose metabólica. Nos pacientes em uso de tacrolimus (FK) os níveis de fósforo sérico foram significativamente inferiores aos do grupo ciclosporina (CSA) (p=0.019). Os níveis de PTH estavam adequados para a função renal na maioria dos pacientes, entretanto 30% tinham níveis superiores a 65 pg/ml. Os níveis de osteoprotegerina (OPG) (85%) e deoxipiridinolina (DPD) (95%) estavam elevados na maioria dos pacientes Quanto aos valores de 25(OH) D (25,4 ± 8,7 ng/ml) os mesmos encontravam-se reduzidos em 63% dos pacientes. Não houve perda óssea significativa pela análise do score Z lombar (-0,9 ± 1,5) e do femur (-0,8 ± 1,1), porém em 26% dos pacientes diagnosticamos osteoporose pela densitometria. A média do volume ósseo estava dentro da normalidade, porém, 30% dos pacientes apresentavam redução do BV/TV. Nossos pacientes tinham aumento da separação e diminuição do número das trabéculas ósseas, além de aumento das superfícies osteóide, osteoblástica, de reabsorção e osteoclástica. Em cerca de 60% dos pacientes observamos diminuição da taxa de formação óssea e em 85% deles da superfície mineralizante. Retardo na mineralização óssea foi observado em 46% dos pacientes. Insuficiência de 25(OH) D cursou com defeito de mineralização em todos os pacientes. Os osteoblastos em cultura apresentaram elevada taxa de proliferação apesar da diminuída expressão de fosfatase alcalina. A proliferação celular foi maior no grupo FK que CSA (p=0,0007). O PTH foi o determinante independente do fósforo sérico (p=0,042), DMO lombar (0,044) e volume osteóide (p=0,001). Conclusões: Após dois anos de transplante renal estável no qual, os principais fatores de risco para perda de massa óssea, foram afastados nenhum paciente apresentava tecido ósseo normal. Encontramos, predominantemente, diminuição da formação, aumento da reabsorção óssea e defeito de mineralização caracterizando a presença de doença mista. Esses achados se devem provavelmente à hipofosfatemia, persistência do hiperparatiroidismo, insuficiência de 25(OH) D e a ação de drogas imunossupressoras / We evaluated bone mineral metabolism and histology from twenty seven late kidney transplanted patients, as well as osteoblastic activity in vitro obtained from bone biopsies. Patients were young, with stable graft function, in use of minimal immunosuppressive drugs doses and without known risk factors for bone loss. Hypercalcemia was found in 40%, whereas 26% had hypophosphatemia, 30% hyperparathyroidism and 63% 25-OH vitamin D insuficiency. Bone volume was decreased in 30% of them with elevated bone resorption in the majority, low bone formation in 60% and mineralization defect in 46%. Osteoblastic cells on culture expressed less alkaline phosphatase despite high proliferation rate. After a high restrictive selection of the patients, they still presented mixed bone diseased. These findings are probably related to immunosuppressive drugs, persistence of hyperparathyroidism and 25-OH vitamin D insuficiency

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