Habitat fragmentation and destruction caused by development of infrastructure such as roads threaten biodiversity. Roads act as barriers by impeding animal movements and restricting space use. Understanding factors that influence barrier effects is important to discern the impacts of habitat fragmentation and to develop appropriate mitigations. We combined telemetry and demographic data in 2008 to 2012 with remote sensing imagery to investigate barrier effects of forest roads and assess effects of traffic, road edges, and canopy gaps on space use of an endangered, endemic forest obligate, the Mt. Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis). We mapped low to high traffic roads, road edges, canopy gaps, and random lines in forests to serve as references. We determined if red squirrels included these linear features in their total and core home ranges, and used this metric as an indicator of crossing and preference for habitat adjacent to the linear features. Forest roads acted as barriers regardless of traffic volume and had long-term impacts on animal space use. Animals did not avoid entering roadside areas, and probability of crossing linear features in the forest was not affected by distance to roads. In contrast, greater canopy cover increased probability of crossing, and gaps in canopy impeded animal movements. Higher likelihood of road crossing was associated with more variable tree height and mating activity. We demonstrated that narrow forest roads with low traffic volume were barriers for forest dependent species, and suggest that gap avoidance inhibits road crossings. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

As políticas adotadas pelo Brasil para promover o seu desenvolvimento tem sido ancoradas pela produção de energia por aproveitamentos hidrelétricos. Estes empreendimentos são colocados como carros-chefe dos pacotes governamentais amparados por um discurso hegemônico de que a energia produzida pelos mesmos é \"limpa e renovável\". Para isto, basta observar os planos nacionais de energia para as próximas décadas, bem como os diferentes projetos em andamento no Brasil, como Jirau e Santo Antonio (rio Madeira) em Rondônia, Belo Monte (rio Xingu) e o Complexo Tapajós (rio Tapajós) ambos no estado do Pará na Amazônia Legal. Porém, na esteira da instalação destes empreendimentos, diferentes impactos são desencadeados afetando principalmente as populações tradicionais destes territórios. Para entender a intensidade destes, esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de verificar, a partir da implantação do AHE-Estreito, os desdobramentos do processo de desterritorialização forçada das comunidades tradicionais afetadas, bem como a perda de suas identidades desencadeada pela ruptura de suas territorialidades. Para atingir os objetivos propostos apropriou-se de diferentes procedimentos metodológicos, dentre eles a utilização da rede de interações de Sorensen, pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, trabalho de campo, fotodocumentação, entrevistas e relatos orais. Das interpretações dos dados obtidos, foi possível verificar que a desterritorialização ocasionou sinergicamente a disrupção social dos afetados, pois as perdas territoriais implicaram na perda de referenciais culturais, onde o território é composto por signos, símbolos e representações que impingem a construção da identidade. No contexto supra, esta identidade está sendo perdida pela destituição dos sujeitos dos seu territórios. É necessária uma política mais séria, e com maior rigor, referente ao acompanhamento de construção de empreendimentos do porte do AHE Estreito. Verificou-se que a reflexividade institucional é baixa diante de projetos componentes da modernidade, pois não dá conta dos desdobramentos advindos de sua instalação e proporciona mais insegurança nas relações sociais e institucionais, tendo como reflexos os impactos negativos recaídos sobre populações tradicionais/locais. O modelo mostrou ser insuficiente, marcado por uma ação burocratizada respaldada pelas normas e leis, desvinculada das reais necessidades dos afetados que não os incorpora nos processos decisórios sobre a produção de energia. É preciso possibilitar uma forte discussão ampliada sobre outras fontes e potencialidades de uso, em consonância com o respeito às comunidades tradicionais no Brasil, para que possamos reacender, de fato, um debate hegemonicamente visto como já decidido e minorar os impactos junto aos afetados. / The policies adopted by Brazil in order to promote its development has been anchored by the energy produced by hydroelectric use. These developments are placed as flagships of governmental packets backed by a hegemonic discourse that the energy produced by them is \"clean and renewable\". For this, simply observe the national energy plans for the coming decades, as well as the various projects underway in Brazil, as Jirau and Santo Antonio (Madeira river) in Rondônia, Belo Monte (Xingu River) and Complexo Tapajós (Tapajós) both in the state of Pará, and in the Amazônia Legal. However, in the trail of these enterprises, different impacts are triggered affecting populations of these traditional territories. To understand the intensity of these impacts, this research was accomplished in order to verify since the implementation of AHE-Strait, the unfolding of the process of forced dispossession of traditional communities affected, as well as the loss of their identities triggered by the disruption of their territorialities. To achieve the proposed objectives, this research appropriated from different methodological procedures, including the use of the network of interactions Sorensen, literature, documentary research, field work, photo documentation, interviews and oral histories. From the interpretations of the data, we found that the deterritorialization synergistically has caused social disruption affected. It happened because the territorial losses resulted in the loss of cultural references, where the territory is composed of signs, symbols and representations that impinge upon the construction of identity. In the above context, this identity is being lost by the removal of the subject from their territories. It is needed a more serious and more accurately policy of monitoring and construction of projects from the size of AHE Estreito. It was found that institutional reflexivity is low regarding to the projects components, for it does not cover the consequences arising from their installation and provides more insecurity in social and institutional relations, having as reflexes the negative impacts on traditional/local populations. The model proved to be insufficient, marked by an action supported by bureaucratic rules and laws, detached from the real needs of those affected than those incorporated in decision-making on energy production. It is important to enable a strong discussion about other sources and potential uses, consistent with respect for traditional communities in Brazil, thus we can rekindle indeed a debate hegemonically seen as already decided and mitigating the impacts from those affected.

O Pantanal, área de estudo do presente trabalho, se encontra em bom estado de conservação e abriga uma biodiversidade intrinsecamente relacionada com sua dinâmica local, principalmente com o pulso de inundação. Seus atributos naturais revelam um cenário propício para o desenvolvimento da atividade turística, que vem crescendo desde a década de 90, apoiada no discurso de compatibilizar o crescimento econômico com a conservação ambiental. Porém, esta prática pode representar uma séria ameaça devido à transformação do meio natural e ao estabelecimento de infraestrutura em locais selvagens. Neste sentido a pesquisa estabelece uma análise das dinâmicas territoriais influenciadas pelo turismo em quatro municípios pantaneiros: Aquidauana, Corumbá, Poconé e Cáceres. Foram levantadas as principais características destes locais, estudadas suas áreas urbanas e periurbanas, e identificados os usos do complexo pantaneiro pelo setor turístico. Os principais impactos ambientais ocasionados pelo turismo também foram analisados, além dos instrumentos de planejamento capazes de minimizar tais impactos e as políticas públicas que se relacionam com a temática. O estudo destes instrumentos e das políticas - analisadas em âmbito mundial, federal, estadual e municipal demonstrou necessidade de que a questão seja tratada em escala regional. Isto significa condicionar as ações individuais dos municípios e fortalecer decisões que considerem todo o complexo pantaneiro, e não apenas as que beneficiam os limites administrativos estabelecidos sem uma lógica natural. Caso tais condições estejam contempladas, o turismo poderá ser um aliado na conservação do Pantanal, pois depende do bom estado de seu meio natural para atrair os visitantes. / Pantanal wetland, study area of the present work, is in a good state of conservation and has a biodiversity strictly related to its local dynamic, especially due to the flood pulse. The natural attributes reveal a favorable scenario for the development of tourism activity, which has been growing since 90s. Though, this practice may represent a serious threat due to the changes in the natural environment and to the establishment of infrastructure in wild locations. In this way, this research has established an analysis of the territorial dynamics influenced by the tourism in four municipalities of Pantanal: Aquidauana, Corumbá, Poconé and Cáceres. The main characteristics of these municipalities were identified, also the urban and periurban areas of each municipality were studied and the uses of Pantanal by the tourism sector were identified. The main environmental impacts were analyzed, besides the planning instruments capable to diminish these impacts and the policies that are related to the theme. The study of the instruments and policies analyzed in global, federal, state and municipality scales has shown a strong necessity that this issue be addressed in regional scale. In the meaning of constrain the individual actions of municipalities and, in the other hand, to strength the decisions that consider the whole Pantanal wetland and not only those that benefit the administrative boundaries without a natural logic. In case of consideration of these conditions, the tourism could be an allied for the Pantanals conservation, as this activity depends on a good state of the natural environment to the attraction of tourists.

Modificações da cobertura natural dos solos podem ocasionar alterações no ciclo hidrológico, que por sua vez podem impactar a disponibilidade de água. Na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul (BHPS) vem ocorrendo uma substituição de coberturas vegetais em função da expansão de monoculturas de eucalipto. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar os impactos de ordem hidrológica sobre a disponibilidade hídrica (quali e quantitativa) no trecho paulista da BHPS, em decorrência da implantação da atividade de silvicultura de eucalipto para produção de celulose. Para isso, foi utilizado o método de Pegada Hídrica (PH) para avaliar a alocação de água da produção de madeira de floresta nativa e de eucalipto, método que vem sendo aplicado pelo setor silvícola. Foram empregados também métodos de Balanço Hídrico Climatológico, Balanço Hídrico Geral e a abordagem de Serviços Ecossistêmicos para avaliar a relação entre a água e as principais coberturas vegetais da bacia (pastagem, floresta nativa e eucalipto), de forma a permitir uma análise ampliada e integrada do comportamento hidrológico da bacia. Ao analisar os métodos empregados, observou-se que a PH de produtos avalia apenas a eficiência do uso da água, o que pode mascarar altos consumos de água em função de maior produtividade por hectare. Isto porque se obteve menor valor de PH da madeira, em m³ por tonelada para o caso do eucalipto, e maior alocação total de água, em m³ por hectare por ano, em comparação à floresta nativa. Os resultados obtidos pela análise de Balanço Hídrico Climatológico para as principais coberturas vegetais mostraram que o eucalipto apresentou maior evapotranspiração e menor excedente hídrico. Já o Balanço Hídrico Geral, analisado mensalmente, permitiu visualizar que as coberturas vegetais influenciam o serviço de provisão de água e concorrem pelo uso de água com os demais usuários da bacia (naturais e antrópicos) em períodos de menor precipitação. Por fim, concluiu-se que são necessárias medições locais para determinação de volumes de escoamento (superficial e subterrâneo), infiltração, bem como do processo de lixiviação e perdas de solo para apontar de forma mais precisa os impactos hídricos da monocultura de eucalipto. / Modifications in the natural land cover can change the hydrological cycle, which might have an impact on water availability. In the river basin of the Paraíba do Sul river (RBPS), the natural vegetation has been being replaced due to the expansion of eucalyptus monocultures. This research assessed the impacts on water availability (both qualitative and quantitative), caused by eucalyptus forestry for pulp production in the RBPS part in Sao Paulo. The water footprint (WF) method was applied to assess the water used on the cellulose production of native forest and eucalyptus, given the use of this method by the industry. Also, the Climatic Water Balance, General Water Balance methods and the Ecosystem Services approach were used in order to perform an extended and integrated analysis of the hydrological behavior of the basin. By analyzing these methods, it was found that the products WF only assesses the efficiency in water use, which can mask high water consumption with higher productivity per hectare. This because a smaller value for wood WF was observed, in m³/ton for eucalyptus, and higher total water use, in m³ per hectare per year, compared to the native forest. The results observed by the Climatic Water Balance analysis for the main vegetation cover showed that the eucalyptus presented higher evapotranspiration and smaller water surplus. The General Water Balance, analyzed on a monthly basis, showed that the vegetation has an impact on the water provision service and competes for water with other users in the basin (natural and anthropic) in periods with less precipitation. Finally, it was concluded that local measurements are required to determine the runnof volumes (superficial and subsurface), infiltration, as well as the process of leaching and soil loss in order to have a more accurate assessment of the hydrological impacts of the eucalyptus monoculture.

O rápido crescimento dos serviços de solicitação de viagem por aplicativo, também conhecidos por serviços de ridesourcing, causou um efeito disruptivo na área dos transportes. Por serem uma utilidade recente, ainda são poucos os estudos que buscam entender o efeito do ridesourcing em padrões de viagem e sua relação de complementariedade ou concorrência com outros modos de transporte, principalmente no contexto brasileiro ou de países em desenvolvimento. O impacto no transporte público coletivo destaca-se por estar entre os que mais têm preocupado técnicos e pesquisadores, visto que é o principal meio de transporte utilizado pela população e tem importante papel em tornar as cidades mais sustentáveis e equitativas. O transporte coletivo por ônibus no Brasil vem perdendo usuários nas últimas décadas e o ridesourcing tem sido visto como um potencial agravador desta tendência. Este estudo buscou explorar o ridesourcing e sua relação com o transporte público coletivo no contexto brasileiro através de um estudo de caso na cidade de Porto Alegre. A partir de uma pesquisa com 408 usuários de ridesourcing, encontrou-se evidências sobre o perfil dos usuários e seus padrões de escolha de viagem e sobre possíveis tendências de longo prazo A partir de dados de origem e destino de viagens de um aplicativo que opera na capital, calculou-se o potencial de substituição das viagens realizadas por ridesourcing pelo serviço de transporte público por ônibus e a relação entre o tempo de viagem destes dois modos. Estes dados de origem e destino também contribuíram para a caracterização geral das viagens e investigação inicial de correlações entre a geração e atração de viagens com características territoriais. Os resultados indicam similaridades com as características dos usuários e das viagens encontradas em estudos estrangeiros, com exceção dos motivos de escolha modal. Há indícios de que as trocas modais geradas pelo ridesourcing sejam desfavoráveis do ponto de vista ambiental e que o caráter do ridesourcing é simultaneamente concorrente e complementar ao transporte coletivo. Considerando apenas critérios de acessibilidade, cerca de 44% das viagens de ridesourcing da cidade poderiam ser substituídas pelo transporte coletivo, porém levariam em média quase três vezes mais tempo se realizadas por ônibus. A pesquisa identificou também possível tendência de redução de posse de veículos em decorrência do ridesourcing e correlação linear positiva entre a geração e atração de viagens com número de serviços e comércios. / The rapid growth of online on demand ride services, also known as ridesourcing services, caused a disruptive effect on the transportation sector. For being a recent utility, there are still few studies attempting to understand the effect of ridesourcing in travel patterns and it´s complementary or competitive relationship with other modes of transportation, especially in the Brazilian context or other developing countries. The impact on public transport stands out for being among those which have most worried experts and researchers, since it is the primary mode used by the general public and has an important role in making cities more sustainable and equitable. Bus public transportation in Brazil has been losing users over the past few decades and ridesourcing is being seen as a potential aggravator of this trend. This study sought to explore ridesourcing and its relation with public transport in the Brazilian context through a case study in the city of Porto Alegre. From a survey applied to 408 ridesourcing users, evidences of user characteristics, their patterns of travel choice and possible long-term trends were found. From an origin and destination dataset of a ridesourcing application that operates in the capital city, the potential for replacing ridesourcing trips by the bus public system and the relation between these modes’ travel times were calculated This origin and destination dataset also contributed to the general characterization of trips and the initial investigation of correlations between trip generation and attraction with territorial characteristics. The results show many similarities with foreign studies for user and travel characteristics, with the exception of modal choice motivations. There is evidence that the modal shifts generated by ridesourcing are detrimental from an environmental point of view and that the character of ridesourcing is simultaneously competitive and complementary to public transportation. Considering criteria of accessibility only, about 44% of ridesourcing of the city could be replaced by the bus system, but they would take on average almost three times as long if carried out by bus. The research has identified also a potential trend for reduction of vehicle ownership due ridesourcing and a positive linear correlation between trip generation and attraction with the amount of services and retail locations.

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar as contribuições que o Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS: gestão compartilhada em saúde – PPSUS – no RS proporcionou em âmbito científico, acadêmico e para o SUS. O PPSUS é uma iniciativa do Ministério da Saúde (MS) e descentralizado para os estados da federação para serem executados pelas Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPs). No Rio Grande do Sul, a FAPERGS é a agência de fomento responsável pela gestão local do Programa, já em sua quinta edição. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foram avaliados os resultados dos projetos apoiados das edições finalizadas (de 2004 a 2013) e os impactos de produção científica e acadêmica, da edição de 2013, no quinquênio anterior e posterior ao lançamento do programa. Efetuou-se uma pesquisa aplicada, ex-post-facto, de abordagem quase-experimental. Para avaliar os resultados dos projetos apoiados nas quatro edições os dados foram obtidos do formulário padrão do MS, respondido pelos pesquisadores dos projetos aprovados, ao término da pesquisa. Para avaliar o impacto do apoio do PPSUS/RS, edição 2013/2015 o método utilizado foi o de diferença-em-diferença e regressão linear. Foram apoiadas 196 propostas no total, sendo a maioria de pesquisadores do sexo feminino, doutoras, de instituições públicas, envolvendo 12,91 milhões de reais. Dos resultados dos projetos apoiados nas edições 2008 e 2013, 57 possuem aplicabilidade imediata no SUS, nas três esferas (municipal, estadual e federal) e em âmbito da atenção básica, na maioria delas. Quanto ao impacto do PPSUS/RS na produção científica e acadêmica, o estudo revelou que, no quinquênio posterior ao programa houve um efeito positivo, em média, de aproximadamente 18% no número de artigos completos publicados e de 19,45% nas orientações concluídas pelos pesquisadores apoiados, e efeito negativo (-0,8%) para teses, comparados ao contrafactual. Estatisticamente, as variáveis testadas não foram significativas. Conclui-se que, as contribuições do PPSUS/RS foram positivas no nível de qualidade das propostas gerando conhecimento e inovação. Contribuiu para melhorias no SUS, por meio de interação entre grupos de pesquisa básica e clínica, com hospitais internacionais, prefeituras, programas educacionais para a rede SUS, assim como formação de recursos humanos, patentes, infraestrutura de laboratórios, redes de pesquisa e gerou impactos positivos na produção cientifica e acadêmica dos pesquisadores. Evidenciou-se, portanto, que os resultados obtidos podem contribuir para a discussão da importância do PPSUS/RS como política pública e para o entendimento de como o acesso ao fomento pode permitir o crescimento da produção cientifica e acadêmica. / This study aimed to identify the contributions that the Research Program for SUS: shared management in health - PPSUS - in the RS provided in scientific, academic and for the SUS. The PPSUS is an initiative of the Ministry of Health (MS) and decentralized to the states of the federation to be executed by the Foundations of Support to Research (FAPs). In Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS is the development agency responsible for the local management of the Program, already in its fifth edition. In order to achieve the proposed objective, the results of the supported projects of the completed editions (from 2004 to 2013) and the impacts of scientific and academic production, from the 2013 edition, in the five years before and after the launch of the program, were evaluated. An applied, ex-post facto, quasi-experimental approach was applied. To evaluate the results of the projects supported in the four issues the data was obtained from the standard form of MS, answered by the researchers of the approved projects, at the end of the research. To evaluate the impact of PPSUS/RS support, edition 2013/2015, the method used was difference-indifference and linear regression. A total of 196 proposals were supported, with the majority of female researchers, doctors, from public institutions, involving 12.91 million reais. Of the results of the projects supported in the 2008 and 2013 editions, 57 have immediate applicability in the SUS, in the three spheres (municipal, state and federal) and in the scope of basic care, in most of them. Regarding the impact of PPSUS/RS on scientific and academic production, the study revealed that, in the five-year period after the program, there was a positive effect, on average, of approximately 18% in the number of complete articles published and of 19.45% in the completed guidelines by the researchers supported, and negative effect (-0.8%) for theses, compared to the counterfactual. Statistically, the variables tested were not significant. It is concluded that, the contributions of the PPSUS / RS were positive in the level of quality of the proposals generating knowledge and innovation. It has contributed to improvements in the SUS, through interaction between basic and clinical research groups, with international hospitals, prefectures, educational programs for the SUS network, as well as training of human resources, patents, laboratory infrastructure, research networks and generated impacts in the scientific and academic production of the researchers. It was therefore evident that the results obtained can contribute to the discussion of the importance of PPSUS/RS as a public policy and to the understanding of how access to development can allow the growth of scientific and academic production.

abstract: Social Carrying Capacity (SCC) has been used commonly in the past to study the impact of increasing numbers of tourists on tourists’ satisfaction with a destination. However, it has been used less commonly to research the impact of increasing levels of tourism on residents of tourism destinations. As definitions of sustainable tourism shift to be more inclusive of residents, commonly used constructs should also be refined or modified to reflect this ontological shift. Current operational definitions of SCC tend to focus on crowding as the major indicator SCC has been reached. Even the theories commonly used to study SCC, stimulus-overload and expectancy theories, relate directly to crowding. This Master’s thesis aimed to expand the concept of SCC to be more representative of the manifold impacts experienced by residents of tourism destinations as tourism increases. This aim was accomplished through an exploratory mixed methods study ultimately resulting in the creation of a new SCC measurement tool. The qualitative phase of this research consisted of four focus groups in three sites with varying levels of tourism development. The data from the focus groups were used to inform item writing of a measurement tool that represented a greater number of SCC indicators than crowding to confirm the validity of the indicators in the quantitative phase of the research. After the instrument was distributed via a statewide poll, two structural equation models were fit to compare the operational definitions. A better understanding of the relationship between one of the supporting theories, stimulus-overload theory, and SCC was uncovered with evidence of an emergent connection between SCC and tourism-related stressors. The results of the research indicate that there are multiple indicators of SCC experienced by residents of tourism destinations which can change in degree and expression as tourism development in a community increases. The operational definition including these indicators explained more variance in support for tourism development than overcrowding alone. A greater awareness of these indicators and their evolution can strengthen the theoretical foundation of SCC and enable practitioners to make multi-faceted, proactive decisions when managing a destination. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Community Resources and Development 2020

The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to map children’s consequences, positive and negative, from motor development and how these refer to the Swedish school subject physical education (PE). Two research questions are used: (1) What positive respectively negative impacts follow a sophisticated or underdeveloped motor competence for children?, and (2) What relationship do such impacts have in a holistic perspective for PE? Through a systematic information retrieval from several databases, 12 primary sources are selected, summarized and scrutinized to answer the aforementioned research questions. The sources consist of international and national studies, dissertations and journal articles ranging back to 2003. The result section outlines each of the 12 sources from a critical standpoint. A summary of each study's purpose, method and results is presented. The results showed a connection between increased PE and improved motor development in preschool children. Physically active children were found further promoting their motor development. Moreover, motor development had an exponential development curve and if facilitated early, showed a snowball effect on its peers. Several cognitive advantages were presented.  A connection between motor skills and academic achievement was shown, namely in reading, from enhanced visual motor skills and mathematics from more efficiently processing abstract information. Further affected areas are elaborated on. Several studies found significant superiority among boys compared to girls. Explanations why, for example lack of social encouragement, were provided. In a school setting motor development is further perplexed from relative age effect and students’ varying skills. Early childhood and puberty stages further intensify this. Deliberate training promotes motor development, thus structured, planned and conscious teaching is critical as well as the educated PE teacher. Motor skills and their development are a convoluted problem, and they entail real consequences.

Bibliographic note HRUBÝ, Martin. COVID-19 and the Aviation Industry: Economic Impacts and Policy Responses 59p. Master thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences. Institute of Political Studies. Supervisor Ing. Petr Balcar, M.Sc. Abstract This thesis uses a combination of trend analysis and MACBETH/MABAC multiple criteria decision-making methods to assess the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial health of the aviation industry in 2020. It also examines the efficiency of government measures adopted to mitigate such impact by comparing the results with a hypothetical scenario where no government aid was provided in 2020. The findings show that the novel coronavirus pandemic significantly increased the probability of default across the studied airline sample and had a strong negative impact on profitability. Furthermore, the data indicates that government support improved the overall financial fitness of the studied sample and significantly reduced the probability of bankruptcy while having only a minimal effect on airline profitability. We analyze the mechanisms behind the identified trends and provide explanations that indicate room for improvement in future research. Keywords Aviation, Airlines, COVID-19, Government Support, MABAC, MACBETH, Financial Impacts Range of...

Contact and collision sports (CCS) expose athletes to countless repetitive head impacts (RHI) across a single season, potentially leading to increased risk of long-term difficulties in cognition and the development of neurodegenerative disease. There is mixed literature on whether RHI from CCS result in changes to white matter and long-term neurobehavioral outcomes, therefore this research project seeks to provide supporting evidence by comparing the total volume of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) white matter lesions in individuals with a history of RHI from CCS to those without a history of RHI from the Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (BU ADRC). The RHI participants were matched to a group of non-RHI participants based on age (+/- 5 years). Effects of RHI on white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are evaluated, while considering hippocampal volume across RHI and non-RHI groups. When controlling for age, sex, education, and total hippocampal volume, those with a history of football were found to have a significantly greater WMH volume (p=.02) compared to those without a history of football play. Compared to the non-RHI group, the RHI group including all athletes (n=42) had a greater WMH volume, although it did not reach a level of significance (p=.91). This investigation provided preliminary evidence for a link between high RHI exposure and WMHs in football players, and a non-significant relationship between RHI and increased WMHs in those with a history of CCS compared to individuals in the non-RHI group. Future research should expand upon this investigation, by examining RHI exposure and WMH consequences in a diverse assortment of sports, follow athletes longitudinally for repeated in vivo MRIs and post-mortem neuropathological confirmation, and include more female athletes.