L’analyse des paysages, de ses dynamiques et ses processus environnementaux, nécessite d’acquérir régulièrement des données des sites, notamment pour le bilan glaciaire au Spitsberg et en haute montagne. A cause des mauvaises conditions climatiques communes aux latitudes polaires et à cause de leur coût, les images satellites journalières ne sont pas toujours accessibles. De ce fait, les événements rapides comme la fonte de la neige ou l'enneigement ne peuvent pas être étudiés à partir des données de télédétection à cause de leur fréquence trop faible. Nous avons complété les images satellites par un ensemble de de stations photo automatiques et autonomes qui prennent 3 photos par jour. L’acquisition de ces photos génère une grande base de données d’images. Plusieurs traitements doivent être appliqués sur les photos afin d’extraire l’information souhaitée (modifications géométriques, gestion des perturbations atmosphériques, classification, etc). Seule l’informatique est à même de stocker et gérer toutes ces informations. Le cloud computing offre en tant que services des ressources informatiques (puissance de calcul, espace de stockage, applications, etc). Uniquement le stockage de la masse de données géographique pourrait être une raison d’utilisation du cloud computing. Mais en plus de son espace de stockage, le cloud offre une simplicité d’accès, une architecture scalable ainsi qu’une modularité dans les services disponibles. Dans le cadre de l’analyse des photos in situ, le cloud computing donne la possibilité de mettre en place un outil automatique afin de traiter l’ensemble des données malgré la variété des perturbations ainsi que le volume de données. A travers une décomposition du traitement d’images en plusieurs tâches, implémentées en tant que web services, la composition de ces services nous permet d’adapter le traitement aux conditions de chacune des données. / Analyzing landscape, its dynamics and environmental evolutions require regular data from the sites, specifically for glacier mass balanced in Spitsbergen and high mountain area. Due to poor weather conditions including common heavy cloud cover at polar latitudes, and because of its cost, daily satellite imaging is not always accessible. Besides, fast events like flood or blanket of snow is ignored by satellite based studies, since the slowest sampling rate is unable to observe it. We complement satellite imagery with a set of ground based autonomous automated digital cameras which take 3 pictures a day. These pictures form a huge database. Each picture needs many processing to extract the information (geometric modifications, atmospheric disturbances, classification, etc). Only computer science is able to store and manage all this information. Cloud computing, being more accessible in the last few years, offers as services IT resources (computing power, storage, applications, etc.). The storage of the huge geographical data could, in itself, be a reason to use cloud computing. But in addition to its storage space, cloud offers an easy way to access , a scalable architecture and a modularity in the services available. As part of the analysis of in situ images, cloud computing offers the possibility to set up an automated tool to process all the data despite the variety of disturbances and the data volume. Through decomposition of image processing in several tasks, implemented as web services, the composition of these services allows us to adapt the treatment to the conditions of each of the data.

Dans cette thèse, nous abordons les défis rencontrés lors de la caractérisation des mémoires non volatiles par microscopie en transmission in situ. Les innovations récentes menées sur les porte-objets de TEM in situ basés sur l'utilisation de puces en silicium apportent de grands avantages comparée aux précédents modèles. Cependant, cette technique reste complexe et les expériences de MET in situ sont difficiles à mener à terme. Ce manuscrit tente d'apporter de nouvelles solutions pour permettre l'observation à l'échelle atomique pendant le recuit, ou la polarisation d'un échantillon dans le MET. Ce projet a été mené à travers plusieurs améliorations effectuées au cours des différentes étapes des expériences de MET in situ. Cette thèse se focalise plus particulièrement sur les problèmes rencontrés lors de la polarisation de dispositifs de mémoires résistives de taille nanométrique. Ces travaux furent conduits à travers une étude des instruments utilisés, le développement de nouvelles méthodes de préparation d'échantillons, et une analyse de l'impact de l'imagerie électronique sur le fonctionnement d'un dispositif dans le MET.Tout d’abord, une nouvelle méthode est développée spécifiquement pour les expériences de MET in situ en température. Grâce à ces développements, la cristallisation de mémoires à changement de phase en GeTe est observée en temps réel. Ces résultats ont notamment permis d'obtenir des informations utiles pour le développement de mémoires à changement de phase de type chalcogénure. Ensuite, de nouvelles puces en silicium dédiées à la polarisation in situ sont développées et produites. Une étude est ensuite menée sur la préparation d'échantillons par FIB afin d'améliorer la qualité des contacts électriques pour la polarisation in situ, ainsi que la technique de préparation elle-même. La qualité de cette méthode est ensuite démontrée à travers des mesures quantitatives obtenues pendant la polarisation in situ d'un échantillon de référence de type jonction PN. Ces développements sont ensuite appliqués afin d’observer des dispositifs de mémoires résistives de type CBRAM en fonctionnement dans le microscope électronique en transmission. Ces résultats ont permis d'apporter de nouvelles informations sur les mécanismes de fonctionnement des mémoires résistives, ainsi que sur la technique de polarisation in situ. / In this work, we address the current challenges encountered during in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy characterization of emerging non volatile data storage technologies. Recent innovation on in situ TEM holders based on silicon micro chips have led to great improvements compared to previous technologies. Still, in situ is a particularly complicated technique and experiments are extremely difficult to implement. This work provides new solutions to perform live observations at the atomic scale during both heating and biasing of a specimen inside the TEM. This was made possible through several improvements performed at different stages of the in situ TEM experiments. The main focus of this PhD concerned the issues faced during in situ biasing of a nanometer size resistive memory device. This was made possible through hardware investigation, sample preparation method developments, and in situ biasing TEM experiments.First, a new sample preparation method has been developed specifically to perform in situ heating experiments. Through this work, live crystallization of a GeTe phase change Memory Material is observed in the TEM. This allowed to obtain valuable information for the development of chalcogenide based Phase Change Resistive Memories. Then, new chips dedicated to in situ biasing experiments have been developed and manufactured. The FIB sample preparation is studied in order to improve electrical operation in the TEM. Quantitative TEM measurements are then performed on a reference PN junction to demonstrate the capabilities of this new in situ biasing experimental setup. By implementing these improvements performed on the TEM in situ biasing technique, results are obtained during live operation of a Conductive Bridge Resistive Memory device. This allowed to present new information on the resistive memories functioning mechanisms, as well as the in situ TEM characterization technique itself.

Le «pancréas bioartificiel» (ou MAILPAN pour Macro-encapsulation d’ILots PANcréatiques) en développement par la start-up Defymed est un implant médical destiné aux patients atteints de diabète de type I. L’élément-clé de cet implant est une membrane poreuse qui a pour fonction d’assurer une certaine sélectivité moléculaire. De ce fait, une fissuration ou rupture de cette membrane entrainerait la perte de ses fonctionnalités. Il est par conséquent indispensable d’analyser et de comprendre le comportement mécanique de ce matériau afin de garantir son intégrité tout au long de la période d’implantation. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le projet FUI MECABARP regroupant plusieurs PMEs et laboratoires lorrains et alsaciens.La membrane est un matériau unique obtenu par lamination de plusieurs matériaux polymères poreux. Elle se compose de films rendus poreux par le procédé de «track-etching» ainsi que de non-tissé consolidé par calandrage à picots. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’en étudier les mécanismes de déformation par l’utilisation de techniques de caractérisation et d’imagerie in situ à un essai de traction. Des campagnes expérimentales de micro-tomographie à rayons X et de diffusion de rayons X aux grands angles et petits angles ont été menées sur lignes haute énergie. Ces résultats sont complétés par des essais en laboratoire de microscopie électronique et spectroscopie Raman in situ à un essai de traction. La complémentarité des techniques choisies permet une approche multi-échelles (du millimètre à l’angström) dans le but d’obtenir l’étude la plus complète possible. Les faiblesses de la membrane d'un point de vue mécanique sont mises en avant et des solutions sont proposées. En parallèle, un essai mécanique en gonflement («bulge test») est développé dans l’optique de fournir un chemin de déformation équibiaxial plus proche des sollicitations réelles / The "bioartificial pancreas" (named MAILPAN for Macro-encapsulation d’ILots PANcréatiques) developed by the startup company Defymed is an implantable device for patients diagnosed with type I diabetes. The core element of the device is a porous membrane providing molecular selectivity. The emergence of cracking in this membrane would lead to the loss of its selective properties. As a consequence, it is crucial to study and understand the mechanical behavior of this material in order to ensure its integrity during the lifetime of the device. This thesis is a part of the FUI MECABARP project, gathering together SMEs and laboratories from the Lorraine and Alsace regions. The membrane is a unique material obtained by laminating several porous polymer materials. It is made of porous “track-etched” films as well as thermal-spot bonded nonwovens. The objective is to study its deformation mechanisms using time-resolved imaging and characterization techniques during a tensile test. X-ray micro-tomography and wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed on high energy beamlines. These results were supplemented with time-resolved scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy experiments during a tensile test. The synergy of the chosen techniques enables a multi-scale approach (from millimeter to angström) in order to obtain the most comprehensive analysis. Solutions are suggested to improve the mechanical properties of the membrane. Besides, a mechanical testing device by inflation (“bulge test”) has been designed to provide an equibiaxial mechanical path that is closer to the actual demands

SILVA, Suely Andrade da. Alteração acelerada do calcário bege Bahia: um ensaio de predição de perda de sua intensidade de brilho em fachadas sob condições tropicais metropolitanas, em orlas litorâneas. 2015. 150 f. Tese (Doutorado em geologia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T18:47:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_sasilva.pdf: 5201692 bytes, checksum: 1f86f9b8f74228acdda8000b08836ad5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-11T23:38:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_sasilva.pdf: 5201692 bytes, checksum: 1f86f9b8f74228acdda8000b08836ad5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-11T23:44:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_sasilva.pdf: 5201692 bytes, checksum: 1f86f9b8f74228acdda8000b08836ad5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T23:44:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_sasilva.pdf: 5201692 bytes, checksum: 1f86f9b8f74228acdda8000b08836ad5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The mineralogical composition of the Beige Bahia (BB) limestone was characterized by petrographic analysis, XRD, total-rock (TR) chemical analysis, and SEM on figurative elements of lytic texture. The results demonstrated that this type of calcrete is dolomitic (dolomite > 10% in TR), reaching over 50% in its lumpy features. The matrix is primarily calcite, whereas quartz (< 5% TR) and palygorskite are the most common accessory minerals. The changing mechanisms of the BB, as a building covering, were investigated from the loss of brightness, using in natura polished boards in bench, for comparison with observations carried out in situ in a metropolitan coastal area (Recife-PE), under humid tropical climate. Tests of accelerated changeability involving atmospheres with saline saturation (NaCl) and in SO2, attacks by acid solutions (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4), rain water and sea water, were conducted according to the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards/ABNT or experimentally, involving in natura polished test specimen. By considering as critical a brightness intensity ≤ 40, whether for test specimen or for applications carried out in situ, a reliable prediction is possible based on bench data. In most cases, this critical level is reached around the third testing cycle, corresponding to ten years in in situ changing conditions. The most active mechanisms were the gas chamber with SO2 saturation, and the sea water; and the critical brightness was reached between 2 and 2.5 cycles in bench. The set of results did not confirm if the ferric staining and black crusts are of lithogenic origin, whereas “white crusts” are made of gypsum (CaSO4.H2O), by the reaction of H2SO4 with the calcite surface of the BB. Therefore, the inadequacy of the application of this product on external coverings is confirmed, particularly in the presence of sea spray or in metropolitan situations, where the atmosphere is mpregnated with SO2. / A composição mineralógica do calcário Bege Bahia (BB) foi caracterizada por análise petrográfica, DRX, análises químicas sobre rocha-total (RT), e MEV sobre elementos figurados da textura lítica. Os resultados demonstraram que este tipo de calcrete é dolomítico (dolomita > 10% em RT), atingindo mais de 50% em suas feições grumosas. A matriz é essencialmente calcítica, enquanto quartzo (< 5% RT) e palygorskita são os minerais acessórios mais frequentes. Os mecanismos de alteração do BB, como revestimento de edificações, foram investigados a partir da perda de brilho, utilizando-se placas lustradas in natura em bancada, para comparação com observações in situ em área litorânea metropolitana (Recife-PE), sob clima tropical úmido. Ensaios de alterabilidade acelerada envolvendo atmosferas com saturação salina (NaCl) e em SO2, ataques por soluções ácidas (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4), água de chuva e água do mar, foram conduzidos segundo normas ABNT ou experimentalmente, envolvendo corpos de prova lustrados in natura. Considerando-se crítica uma intensidade de brilho ≤ 40, seja para os corpos de prova quanto em aplicações in situ, torna-se possível uma confiável predição a partir dos dados de bancada. Na maior parte dos casos, este nível crítico é atingido em torno do terceiro ciclo dos ensaios, correspondendo a 10 anos em condições de alteração in situ. Os mecanismos mais atuantes foram a câmara de gás com saturação em SO2 e a água do mar, sendo o brilho crítico atingido entre 2 a 2,5 ciclos em bancada. O conjunto dos resultados não confirmou se manchamentos férricos e crostas negras são de origem litogênica, enquanto que “crostas brancas” são constituídas de gipsita (CaSO4.H2O), por reação de H2SO4 com a superfície calcítica do BB. Assim, confirma-se a inadequação de aplicação deste produto em revestimentos externos, particularmente em presença de spray marinho ou situações metropolitanas, onde a atmosfera apresenta-se impregnada com SO2.

Les conditions de solidification de la matière au cours d’une opération de soudage sont très particulières. Le phénomène se produit en effet à des vitesses de croissance de grains élevées, en présence de forts gradients de températures, et surtout de forts écoulements dans le bain liquide, qui peuvent modifier les mécanismes de solidification.Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire est une contribution à la compréhension des couplages pouvant exister entre écoulements et mécanismes de solidification, en relation avec les paramètres de soudages, à l’échelle macroscopique du bain, mais aussi à l’échelle microscopique des grains en cours de solidification.Une étude expérimentale est menée, basée sur l’observation in-situ d’un bain liquide traversant généré sur une tôle mince d’alliage Cu30Ni à l’aide d’une torche de soudage TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), dans deux configurations :une configuration statique générant un bain de fusion axisymétrique, et une configuration en translation générant une ligne de fusion.Pour chaque configuration, la morphologie du front de solidification et les écoulements autour du front sont observés à l’échelle microscopique à l’aide d’une caméra rapide équipée d’un objectif à fort grossissement.A l’échelle macroscopique, le bain dans son ensemble est observé à l’aide d’une caméra infra-rouge et de deux caméras filmant dans le visible.La première permet d’obtenir le champ de température dans le solide sur la face envers, tandis que les deux autres permettent de déterminer la frontière du bain sur les faces supérieure et inférieure.Les observations synchronisées ont permis d’extraire une grande quantité de données permettant de discuter les interactions entre mécanismes de solidification et écoulements pour plusieurs conditions de soudage.Pour finir, les résultats expérimentaux sont confrontés aux résultats issus de modélisations analytiques et numériques, afin de discuter la validité de ces modèles et de tenter de mieux comprendre les analyses. / In welding processes, solidification is very specific. This phenomenon leads to high grain growth rates, in presence of high temperature gradients and strong fluid flows in the liquid, that can change the solidification mechanisms.This work investigates the coupling between fluid flows and solidification mechanisms, related to welding parameters, at weld pool scale (macroscale) and at grains scale (microscale).An experimental study is carried out, based on in-situ observations of a fully penetrated weld pool, generated on a thin Cu30Ni plate with a GTAW torch in two configurations :a static configuration generating an antisymmetric weld pool and a translating configuration generating a weld bead.For each configuration, the solidification morphology and the fluid flows in the solidification front area are observed at microscopic scale, with a high speed camera coupled with a high magnification lens.At macroscopic scale, the whole weld poll is observed with an infra-red camera and two cameras in visible range.We can then obtain on one hand the temperature field on the bottom of the plate and on the other hand the weld pool boundaries on the top and the bottom of the plate.The synchronised observations give access to an important quantity of data allowing the discussion of the interactions between solidification mechanisms and fluid flows for several welding conditions.Finally, the experimental results are compared to theoretical results obtained from analytical and numerical simulations, in order to discuss the possible limitations of models and try to better understand the analysis.

La conception de moteurs aéronautiques plus performants soumet les alliages de titane constitutifs des mâts-réacteurs à des contraintes thermiques et mécaniques plus sévères. Ces matériaux doivent d’une part être qualifiés en termes de tolérance aux dommages. D’autre part, l’exposition prolongée de ces alliages de titane à des températures élevées en service pose la question de leur vieillissement métallurgique. Le dimensionnement et la maintenance de telles aérostructures doit ainsi prendre en compte l’ensemble de ces deux problématiques cruciales.Dans ces travaux, le comportement cyclique ainsi que la résistance à la fissuration par fatigue d’alliages de titane de différentes nuances (TA6V, Ti 6242 et Ti 17) et de différentes microstructures, ont été étudiés en fonction du degré de vieillissement. L’effet du vieillissement se traduit essentiellement par une augmentation des vitesses de propagation à forte valeur du facteur d’intensité de contrainte, à température ambiante. Dans un second temps, une démarche de caractérisation poussée de ce phénomène mettant en œuvre des sollicitations variées, à différentes échelles et associées à des analyses fractographiques a été appliquée. Ceci a permis de proposer un scénario d’endommagement avant et après vieillissement pour l’alliage le plus affecté par l’exposition en température, le Ti 17. Ce scénario montre après vieillissement l’apparition d’un mode d’endommagement « statique » en lien avec un processus de rupture puis décohésion intralamellaire, sans modification notable du comportement cyclique. Enfin, une approche d’équivalence temps-température est proposée pour décrire la cinétique de dégradation des propriétés mécaniques consécutive au vieillissement. / The conception of more efficient aircraft engines induces increased stress and temperature levels on the titanium alloys constitutive of the engine pylon. On the one hand, these materials have to be qualified in terms of damage tolerance. On the other hand, the long term high temperature exposure of these titanium alloys gives also rise to the question of thermal aging and metallurgical stability. Hence, the dimensioning as well as the maintenance of such aerostructures need to be considered in the light of both these critical issues.In the present work, the cyclic behavior as well as the fatigue crack resistance of different titanium alloys (TA6V, Ti 6242 et Ti 17), with various microstructures were studied after different aging conditions. Aging induces mainly an increase in crack growth rates at high values of the stress intensity factor, at room temperature. Subsequently, a thorough characterization procedure of this phenomenon was undertaken,including various types of loadings, at different scales and associated with fractographic analyses. The results allowed to suggest a damage scenario before and after aging, in the case of the alloy most affected by aging: theTi 17 alloy. This scenario shows the occurrence of a « static » mode of failure, which is linked to a damage process associated with intralamellar fracture and decohesion, without noticeable changes in the cyclic behavior. Finally, a time-temperature equivalency approach was developed to describe the kinetics of degradation of the mechanical properties induced by aging.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:33:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855701.pdf: 1569730 bytes, checksum: 3d2a8da3b6cbd65de62a52de0c54630d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O solo é o provável habitat do fungo patogênico Paracoccidioides spp., devido à detecção molecular deste patógeno neste tipo de amostra, associada à frequente infecção de trabalhadores rurais e isolamento em animais silvestres (Dasypus novemcinctus e Cabassous centralis). O presente estudo visou detectar e diferenciar as espécies Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (complexo) e Paracoccidioides lutzii no ambiente, pelas técnicas de Nested PCR, FISH, respectivamente, em amostras ambientais aerossóis e solo de tocas de tatus provenientes de áreas endêmicas para a Paracoccidioidomicose nas regiões Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte brasileiras. Além da detecção ambiental de Paracoccidioides sp. por métodos moleculares, foi estudada a ocorrência de tatus infectados com P. lutzii no centro-oeste brasileiro, região de maior prevalência desta espécie, onde nenhum animal havia sido avaliado até o presente momento. Obtivemos a detecção positiva para ambas as espécies de Paracoccidioides por ambas as técnicas de detecção (Nested PCR e hibridização in situ), além da diferenciação por ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) pudemos visualizar os espécimes fúngicos em algumas amostras aerossóis. Acreditamos que os dados refletem a real ocorrência dos fungos em seu nicho, no entanto, o isolamento animal em tatus demonstrou-se negativo para 7 animais avaliados no trabalho, o que pode indicar que a relação da espécie P. lutzii com os tatus pode não ser a mesma com os casos de tatus infectados com P. brasiliensis em outras regiões brasileiras / Soil is probably the habitat of pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides spp., due to the molecular detection of this pathogen in these samples, associated with the frequent of infection in rural workers and the isolation in wild animals (Dasypus novemcinctus and Cabassous centralis). This project aimed to detect and differentiate the species P. brasiliensis (complex) and P. lutzii in the environment, by the techniques of Nested PCR and FISH, respectively, in environmental aerosol samples and soil from armadillo's burrows, from endemic and non-endemic areas to Paracoccidioidomycosis in the Southeast, Midwest and North regions of Brazil. Besides the environmental detection of Paracoccidioides spp. by molecular methods, the occurrence of armadillos infected with P. lutzii the Brazilian center-west region with the highest prevalence of this kind, where no animals were evaluated at the present time will be studied. We achieved positive detection of both species of Paracoccidioides by both detection techniques (PCR and in situ hybridization), and further the differentiation by the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) we could visualize fungal species in some aerosol samples also differentiating the two species. We believe of the data reflect the actual occurrence of fungi in their niche, however the animal isolation in armadillo's showed up negative for 7 animals evaluated at work, which indicated that the ratio of the species P. lutzii with armadillo may not be the same with cases of armadillo's infected with P. brasiliensis in other regions of Brazil / FAPESP: 2012/03233-3

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-07. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:33:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855321.pdf: 1398004 bytes, checksum: 326dbbb4b555143ff52169d63ce0621f (MD5) / Introdução: Linfomas Double-Hit (LDH) são neoplasias de alto grau raras, caracterizadas pela translocação do gene MYC concomitante a translocação envolvendo os genes BCL2 e/ou BCL6, cujo diagnóstico depende da realização de exame citogenético, técnica de baixa disponibilidade e elevado custo. Diante disso, tem-se valorizado a identificação de fatores morfológicos e/ou imunofenotípicos que tenham associação com a detecção de tais translocações diagnósticas. Objetivos: Identificar pacientes portadores de LDH em casuística de linfomas Não-Hodgkin de alto grau e avaliar as associações entre os resultados citogenéticos imunoistoquímicos (IHQ) relativos aos marcadores MYC, BCL2 e BCL6. Material e Métodos: Procedeu-se revisão clínico-morfológica de 120 pacientes com diagnóstico de linfoma difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB) e linfoma de Burkitt (LB), com confecção de plataforma de tissue microarray (TMA) para realização IHQ (CD20, CD79a, PAX5, CD10, BCL6, BCL2, MUM1, TDT e c-MYC) e hibridação por fluorescência in situ (FISH) para detecção de translocações dos genes c-MYC, BCL6 e BCL2. Resultados: Detectaram-se três pacientes portadores de LDH: dois com translocações de MYC e BCL2 e um com translocações de MYC e BCL6, todos evoluindo para óbito em menos de seis meses. Entre 90 amostras com citogenética avaliável, houve associação entre IHQ e FISH para MYC (p=0,036) e BCL2 (p=0,001), com concordância regular indicada por valores de Kappa de 0,23 [0,0;0,49] e de 0,35 [0,13;0,56], respectivamente. No grupo de LDGCB (n=72), as translocações envolvendo individualmente os genes MYC, BCL6 e BCL2 representaram 4,1%, 12,5% e 15,2%, respectivamente, sendo a morfologia de céu estrelado fortemente associada à detecção de translocações do gene MYC (p=0,01). Conclusão: A detecção de apenas três pacientes portadores de LDH na casuística estudada, todos com evolução para óbito, corrobora... / Background: Double-Hit Lymphomas (DHL) are rare high-grade neoplasms characterized by the translocation of gene MYC to other translocations involving genes BCL2 and/or BCL6, whose diagnosis depends on the cytogenetic examination, a technique with low availability and high cost. Therefore, it has been valued the identification of morphologic and/or immunophenotypic factors that have association with the detection of those translocations. Objectives: To identify DHL patients in group of high grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL-B) and evaluate the associations between the cytogenetic and immunohistochemical (IHC) results for the MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 markers. Design: Clinical and morphological review of 120 patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) was proceeded, with production of a tissue microarray platform (TMA) to perform IHC (CD20, CD79a, PAX5, CD10, BCL6, BCL2, MUM1, TDT and c-MYC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for detection of c-MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 gene translocations. Results: Three patients with DHL were detected: two with translocations of MYC and BCL2 and one with translocations of MYC and BCL6, all leading to death in less than six months. Among 90 cytogenetically evaluable samples, associations were determined between IHC and FISH for MYC (p=0.036) and BCL2 (p=0.001), though with regular compliance testing, indicated by Kappa value of 0.23 [0.0;0.49] and 0.35 [0.13;0.56], respectively. In the DLBCL group (n=72), MYC, BCL6 and BCL2 translocations were present in 4.1%, 12.5% and 15.2%, respectively. Starry sky morphology was strongly associated with MYC positivity (p=0.01). Conclusion: The detection of only three DHL patients in this series, all evolving to death, confirms the rarity and aggressiveness of this neoplasm. The morphological pattern starry sky and the expression by IHC of MYC and BCL2 can represent possible selection factors for the ...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study of hydraulic conductivity of soil is an important stage in the geotecnical investigations, aiming at the use of compacted soils as impermeabilizing mineral layers, for the base and cover of sanitary land-fill sites. This paper presents the study of hydraulic conductivity (k) of natural and compacted soils of the Santa Maria region, in the area called Caturrita which was chosen for the future installation of the sanitary land-fill of this city, localized near the current solid waste disposal site of Santa Maria (Robaina, 2002). In this place a detailed geological-geotecnical investigation was undertaken. The objective of this investigation was the identification, classification and characterization of the soils of seventeen drilling profiles (P1 to P17) distributed in the area of study; the majority were executed with a manual boring-tool, of which samples were collected for laboratory tests. For all profiles characterization tests were performed (Atterberg limits, granulometric analysis, density of grains). In one typical profile (P1) complementary tests were made such as, chemical tests, X-ray diffraction, compaction and hydraulic conductivity tests with of rigid and flexible walls permeameters. For this study of hydraulic conductivity a flexible wall permeameter with a simplified triaxial chamber was assembled similar to that of Bjerrum and Huder (1957). In situ tests were performed of the following type: infiltration hole, ring infiltrometer, and piezometer, which evaluated the characteristics of soil in its natural condition. Through the investigations two layers (layers 1 and 2) were identified in this area. Layers 1 are more superficial, and constituted of horizon A and finally horizon B. In the lower layer 2 (horizon C), with a reddish colour, the soil shows characteristics of alteration of sedimentary rocks. The results of in situ tests k show similar values between each other, because the infiltration tests have values of k in the order of 10-5 m/s, in the same order of magnitude as the results with piezometer in layer 1. The values of k of layer 2 were in the order of 10-7 and 10-8 m/s in the natural state. The compacted samples had values of k in the order 10-9 and 10-10 m/s. The results of k in the flexible wall permeameter were higher for undisturbed samples, and compacted samples resulted in values in the order of 10-9 m/s. Values of k of this order are indicated as natural impermeabilizing barriers in sanitary land-fills. / O estudo da condutividade hidráulica de solos é uma etapa importante nas investigações geotécnicas, visando a utilização de solos compactados como camadas impermeabilizantes minerais, para base e revestimento de cobertura de aterros sanitários. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo da condutividade hidráulica (k) de solos naturais e compactados da região de Santa Maria, na área denominada Caturrita, a qual foi pré-selecionada como futura instalação do aterro sanitário desta cidade, localizada próximo ao atual local do depósito de resíduos sólidos de Santa Maria, o chamado lixão da Caturrita (Robaina, 2002). Neste local foi realizada uma investigação geológica-geotécnica detalhada. Esta investigação teve como objetivo a identificação, classificação e caracterização de solos através de 17 perfis (P1 a P17) de sondagem distribuídos na área do empreendimento, na maioria executados com trado manual, dos quais coletaram-se amostras para ensaios de laboratório. Em todos os perfis foram realizados ensaios de caracterização (limites de Atterberg, granulometria com e sem defloculante e peso específico real dos grãos). Em um perfil típico (P1) foram realizados ensaios complementares, tais como: ensaios químicos, difração de raios-X, ensaios de compactação e condutividade hidráulica com permeâmetro de parede flexível. Para o estudo da condutividade hidráulica foi montado para esta pesquisa o permeâmetro de parede flexível com câmara triaxial simplificada, similar ao proposto por Bjerrum e Huder (1957). In situ foram realizados ensaios do tipo: cava de infiltração, infiltrômetro de anel, e com a técnica do piezômetro, os quais avaliam as características do solo em condições naturais. Através das investigações foram identificadas na área duas camadas (camadas 1 e 2) para os perfis de solo, sendo que a camada 1 mais superficial é constituída por um horizonte A e eventualmente um horizonte B. Na camada 2 (horizonte C) mais inferior, com coloração avermelhada, possui características de alteração de rochas sedimentares. Os resultados dos ensaios k in situ apresentaram valores semelhantes entre si, sendo que o ensaio de infiltração teve valores na ordem de 10-5 m/s, na mesma ordem dos resultados com piezômetro na camada 1. A camada 2 os valores de k foram da ordem de 10-7 e 10-8 m/s no estado natural. Os corpos compactados tiveram valores de k na ordem 10-9 a 10-10 m/s. Os resultados de k em permeâmetro de parede flexível foram mais elevados para amostras indeformadas, e nos corpos de prova compactados resultaram valores na ordem de 10-9m/s. Valores de k desta ordem são indicados como barreiras naturais impermeabilizantes em aterros sanitários.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-27Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000822376.pdf: 932644 bytes, checksum: 53b39dc2f6dd4c37657a8fa6333a660a (MD5) / Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1. Correlacionar características clínicas e radiográficas com a microbiota presente no canal radicular de dentes com infecção primária; 2. Monitorar o perfil microbiológico após o preparo biomecânico e uso de diferentes medicações intracanal; 3) Verificar a susceptibilidade de complexos microbianos a diferentes medicações intracanal. Trinta dentes unirradiculares com necrose pulpar e lesão periapical visível radiograficamente foram submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico utilizando hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% como solução irrigadora e divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com a medicação intracanal utilizada: hidróxido de cálcio P.A. + solução salina fisiológica; hidróxido de cálcio P.A. + Zingiber officinale (extrato glicólico de gengibre); hidróxido de cálcio P.A. + gel de clorexidina 2%. Foram realizadas coletas do canal radicular com cones de papel absorvente após a abertura coronária, após a instrumentação e após 14 dias de ação da medicação intracanal. Para análise do conteúdo microbiológico dos canais radiculares, as amostras foram analisadas a partir de sondas de DNA pelo método de hibridização DNA-DNA checkerboard. Além disso, foi realizado teste de avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana do tratamento clínico por cultura microbiológica. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste de tendência linear, teste exato de Fisher, teste pareado de Wilcoxon e teste de Mann-Whitney, valor de p < 0,05. Houve associação entre dor à palpação e complexos roxo, verde e laranja. Fístula foi associada ao complexo vermelho. Maiores áreas de reabsorção foram associadas à presença de Capnocytophaga ochracea. Foi observada redução de bactérias após o tratamento endodôntico. Ao utilizar o método de hibridização DNA-DNA checkerboard, as bactérias mais prevalentes foram Strepctococcus anginosus.... / The objectives of this study was: 1. Correlate clinical and radiographic features and microbiota present in root canal of teeth with primary infection; 2 Monitoring the microbiological profile after biomechanical preparation and use of different intracanal medications; 3) Verify the microbial susceptibility of bacterial complexes of different intracanal medications. Thirty single-rooted teeth with pulp necrosis and periapical lesion are undergoing treatment using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite as irrigating solution and divided into 3 groups according to the intracanal medication used: calcium hydroxide + saline solution, calcium hydroxide + 20% ginger glycolic extract, calcium hydroxide + 2 % chlorhexidine gel. Samples of the root canal were taken with absorbent paper cones after the coronal opening, after instrumentation and 14 days after medication. For analysis of the microbial content of the root canal the samples were analyzed from DNA probes using the method of DNA-DNA hybridization checkerboard. In addition, tests of antimicrobial activity of clinical treatment were performed by microbiological culture. The results were statistically analyzed with linear trend test, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon matched pairs test and Mann-Whitney post hoc Dunn test. For all performed tests, a P-value < 0.05 was set as statically significant. There was an association between pain on palpation and purple, green and orange complex. Sinus tract was associated with the red complex. Bone resorptions were associated with the presence of Capnocytophaga. ochracea. The reduction of bacteria was observed after endodontic treatment. By using the method of checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, the more prevalent bacteria were Strepctococcus anginosus, Veillonella parvula, Parvimonas micra, Enterococcus faecium and Capnocytophaga ochracia, both initially and after biomechanical preparation. All treatments reduced ....